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1.
Analysis of the Initial Stage Intracloud Lightning Using the Pulse Location Technique Based on the Fast Electric Field Change 
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下载免费PDF全文 WANG Dongfang QIE Xiushu YUAN Tie ZHANG Guangshu ZHANG Tong ZHANG Tinglong ZHANG Qilin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2009,23(6):772-781
Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029 2 Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000 3 Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000 4 Nanjing University of Information Science＆Technology,Nanjing 210044
Using both fast and slow electric field change sensors and field mill,multi-station observations on lightning flashes over China inland plateau areas were conducted during the summer of 2004.All of the stations were synchronized by GPS with a time-resolution of±50 ns.Using the different time of arrival（DTOA）and based on the fast electric field change sensor,a lightning radiation location technique was developed.Radiation pulses in the initial stages of five intracloud（IC）lightning discharges which occurred on 20 August were analyzed.The results indicate that the technique developed could effectively locate the lightning radiation sources.Furthermore,the lightning discharges were compared with the Doppler radar data.The results show that the radiation sources were well associated with the storm development.When the storm was at the mature stage with an echo top of about 10.9 km,the radiation sources ranged from 5.2 to 8.3 km above mean sea level;when the storm gradually became weaker,with echo top of about 7.9 km,the radiation sources ranged from 3.0 to 5.9 km.In particular,one of the IC lightning discharges ranged from 3.0 to 4.9 km during the dissipation stage of the storm.The results also indicate that the radiation sources were closely associated with the high reflectivity region（25–50 dBZ）of the storm,which,to some extent,demonstrates the reliability of the location results,thereby showing that multi-station observations of fast electric field change sensors could be a useful tool for monitoring the storm development.Location errors from radiation sources were also compared with the radar data and the results of a simple simulation.It was found that the errors were getting smaller when the radiation sources approached the center of the detection network, and vice versa.Compared with the limited experimental observations,the simulation results were found capable of effectively reflecting the location errors. 相似文献
Using both fast and slow electric field change sensors and field mill,multi-station observations on lightning flashes over China inland plateau areas were conducted during the summer of 2004.All of the stations were synchronized by GPS with a time-resolution of±50 ns.Using the different time of arrival（DTOA）and based on the fast electric field change sensor,a lightning radiation location technique was developed.Radiation pulses in the initial stages of five intracloud（IC）lightning discharges which occurred on 20 August were analyzed.The results indicate that the technique developed could effectively locate the lightning radiation sources.Furthermore,the lightning discharges were compared with the Doppler radar data.The results show that the radiation sources were well associated with the storm development.When the storm was at the mature stage with an echo top of about 10.9 km,the radiation sources ranged from 5.2 to 8.3 km above mean sea level;when the storm gradually became weaker,with echo top of about 7.9 km,the radiation sources ranged from 3.0 to 5.9 km.In particular,one of the IC lightning discharges ranged from 3.0 to 4.9 km during the dissipation stage of the storm.The results also indicate that the radiation sources were closely associated with the high reflectivity region（25–50 dBZ）of the storm,which,to some extent,demonstrates the reliability of the location results,thereby showing that multi-station observations of fast electric field change sensors could be a useful tool for monitoring the storm development.Location errors from radiation sources were also compared with the radar data and the results of a simple simulation.It was found that the errors were getting smaller when the radiation sources approached the center of the detection network, and vice versa.Compared with the limited experimental observations,the simulation results were found capable of effectively reflecting the location errors. 相似文献
2.
北京一次强飑线过程的闪电辐射源演变特征及其与对流区域和地面热力条件的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用2015年夏季北京闪电综合探测（BLNET）总闪辐射源定位、多普勒天气雷达、地面自动气象站和探空资料等多种协同观测资料,详细分析了2015年8月7日北京一次强飑线过程不同阶段的闪电特征,并探讨了闪电与对流区域和地面热力条件之间的关系。飑线过程整体上以云闪为主,根据雷达回波和闪电频数可以将飑线过程分为发展、增强及减弱三个阶段。发展阶段表现为多个孤立的γ中尺度对流降水单体,随着北京城区降水单体的迅速发展,强回波顶高延伸到-20℃温度层高度,闪电辐射源高度也逐步增加,闪电明显增多,但总闪电频数整体低于80次/min。增强阶段单体合并,闪电频数快速增长,0℃层以上及以下的强回波（＞40 dBZ）体积明显增大,飑线形成后,总闪和地闪均达到峰值,分别约248次/min和18次/min,负地闪占总地闪比例为90%,辐射源主要分布在线状对流降水区内,辐射源数量峰值出现在5～9 km高度层。减弱阶段飑线主体下降到0℃以下并迅速衰减,辐射源分布明显向后部层云降水区倾斜。95%的闪电发生在对流线附近10 km范围内,即对流云区和过渡区。在系统发展和增强阶段,对流云区与层云区辐射源的活跃时段基本一致;系统减弱阶段,对流降水云区辐射源数量迅速减少。在系统的不同发展阶段,闪电活跃区域对应于冷池出流同平原暖湿气流在近地面形成的相当位温强梯度带内。 相似文献
3.
闪电的20MHz辐射与放电过程 总被引：3，自引：4，他引：3
利用一台窄带高频接收机对20MHz的闪电辐射场进行了测量，并利用一慢天线电场变化仪配合观测以区分对地放电中的各放电过程，得到了地闪各闪击过程及云闪的辐射强度和辐射时间。我们认为云闪的K变化、地闪中的第一次闪击是20MHz的最强辐射源，以后的闪击次之，并逐步减弱。 相似文献
4.
北京多频段闪电三维定位网及一次雷暴过程的闪电时空演化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
北京多频段闪电三维定位网（Beijing Broadband Lightning NETwork,简称BLNET）是一个研究和业务相结合的区域性全闪三维定位网。2015年,对BLNET硬件、站网布局及定位算法等方面进行了更新升级,提高了传感器的灵敏度,提升了软件的运算效率和站网的探测性能。升级后的BLNET不仅具备了对云闪、地闪脉冲类型的快速识别和电流峰值估算等功能,也实现了对闪电辐射源脉冲的三维实时定位,以及通道可分辨的闪电放电过程精细定位。对2017年7月7日一次雷暴过程的闪电辐射源脉冲实时三维定位结果分析表明,这次雷暴过程一共观测到11902次闪电,以云闪为主,地闪占总闪的28%,正地闪较少,仅占总地闪的5%,在雷暴成熟期,最大闪电频数高达927 flashes (6 min)?1。通过对比分析闪电辐射源位置和对应时刻的雷达回波,发现辐射源基本集中在强回波范围内。对一次正地闪的精细定位表明,该正地闪初始阶段表现出明显的预击穿过程,闪电辐射源的始发位置位于海拔高度约5.4 km,随后通道向上发展,在约10 km高度,通道开始沿着水平发展。对一次负地闪的精细定位表明,初始阶段放电首先从约7.1 km高度处始发,通道向南水平发展,同时部分负先导分支向下发展,约38 ms后,通道短暂停止发展,17 ms后,通道始发处重新激发。以上结果表明,BLNET不仅具备对整个雷暴生命史闪电活动的三维实时定位和监测,而且可以实现对闪电三维放电通道的精细定位。 相似文献
5.
A combined analysis of microphysical thunderstorm properties derived by C-band polarimetric Doppler radar measurements and lightning observations from two ground-based systems are presented. Three types of storms, a multicell, a supercell, and a squall line, that were observed during the European Lightning Nitrogen Oxides project (EULINOX) are investigated. Correlations are sought between the mass of rain, graupel, hail, and snow derived form radar observations at different height levels and the electrical activity, represented either by cloud-to-ground or intracloud flashes. These relationships are explained by connecting the radar-derived properties with the non-inductive charging process. For the multicell and the supercell storm, the lightning activity can be linearly correlated to both the hydrometeor total mass and class specific mass in the upper part of the storm. It is shown that the fractions of graupel and hail above the −20 °C-level in these storms positively correlate with the intracloud flash activity in the supercell, and negatively for the cloud-to-ground lightning frequency in the multicell. No such relation can be established for the squall line, indicating that the convective organization plays a crucial role in the lightning development. The analysis of the masses in the different storms shows that lightning activity cannot be parameterized by total mass alone, other parameters have to be identified. The results provide important information for all lightning studies that rely on bulk properties of thunderstorms, e.g., the parameterization of lightning in mesoscale models or the nowcasting of lightning by radar. 相似文献
6.
A. A. Sin’kevich V. B. Popov I. A. Tarabukin E. V. Dorofeev Yu. A. Dovgalyuk N. E. Veremei Yu. P. Mikhailovskii V. S. Snegurov A. V. Snegurov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2018,43(8):506-515
The results of investigation of convective cloud merging observed near Saint Petersburg are presented. Data obtained with a set of remote sensing instruments (radar, radiometer, and lightning location system) were analyzed. Rain gage network data are used. Clouds simulation is performed using a 1.5-dimensional nonstationary model. A method to calibrate the radar measurements to obtain precipitation characteristics using rain gage network data is developed. According to radar data, a 2-km increase in the cloud top height was observed after Cu merging, the maximum reflectivity of clouds increased at 10 dBZ, maximum rain intensity and rain flux increased by about two times. The increase in rainfall intensity is also corroborated by rain gage observations and numerical simulations. An increase in the intensity of lightning discharges during the merging is registered. 相似文献
7.
基于自主研发的闪电连续干涉仪,对2019年6月11日在中国气象局雷电野外科学试验基地广州从化人工引雷试验场成功触发的一次多回击闪电放电全过程进行观测,结合通道底部电流数据和电场变化数据,共同揭示触发闪电全放电过程:连续干涉仪能够定位到最小为8 A的不连续的先驱电流脉冲辐射信号,初始先驱电流脉冲(IPCP)的平均转移电荷量约为先驱电流脉冲(PCP)的2倍;上行正先导连续发展后为初始连续电流(ICC)过程,最初正流光通道以105 m·s-1量级的速度继续发展延伸,之后出现反冲先导放电;在ICC阶段出现的经典M分量,可由向前的106 m·s-1量级速度的正流光(先导)产生,也可由已有通道头部产生的反冲先导产生,且整个M分量过程中,多个反冲先导维持了放电过程的持续;之后的回击间过程以反冲先导为主要放电形式,回击电流脉冲之前存在多次反冲先导过程,但多数未发展到接地通道,只处于企图先导阶段,直至成功的先导回击产生;而前两次回击具有超短的时间间隔,约为4.5 ms,这是由于两次回击前的先导来源于云内不同分支的反冲先导过程。 相似文献
8.
Abhay SRIVASTAVA Dongxia LIU Chen XU Shanfeng YUAN Dongfang WANG Ogunsua BABALOLA Zhuling SUN Zhixiong CHEN Hongbo ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(1):178-188
A thunderstorm tracking algorithm is proposed to nowcast the possibility of lightning activity over an area of concern by using the total lightning data and neighborhood technique.The lightning radiation sources observed from the Beijing Lightning Network(BLNET)were used to obtain information about the thunderstorm cells,which are significantly valuable in real-time.The boundaries of thunderstorm cells were obtained through the neighborhood technique.After smoothing,these boundaries were used to track the movement of thunderstorms and then extrapolated to nowcast the lightning approaching in an area of concern.The algorithm can deliver creditable results prior to a thunderstorm arriving at the area of concern,with accuracies of 63%,80%,and 91%for lead times of 30,15,and 5 minutes,respectively.The real-time observations of total lightning appear to be significant for thunderstorm tracking and lightning nowcasting,as total lightning tracking could help to fill the observational gaps in radar reflectivity due to the attenuation by hills or other obstacles.The lightning data used in the algorithm performs well in tracking the active thunderstorm cells associated with lightning activities. 相似文献
9.
利用中国气象局雷电野外科学试验基地(CMA_FEBLS)三维闪电观测数据,结合广州双偏振雷达观测数据,分析了2017年5月7日广东一次暖云强降水对流单体的闪电活动及其与云降水结构的关系。该单体在4 h内产生1250个闪电,地闪比例约24%。绝大多数闪电出现在4~12 km高度,对应温度层为0℃至-40℃;闪电放电活动的峰值高度出现在8.5 km,对应环境温度约-19℃。分析的强降水单体宏观上呈现上正、中负、下正的三极性电荷结构,中部负电荷核心区约为-8℃至-15℃。在闪电活动区域中,由干雪粒子主导区域占比约82%,霰粒子主导区域占比约11%,且大部分与闪电活动关联的霰粒子主要位于4~8 km高度。总闪频数与30 dBZ雷达回波顶高、-20℃温度层上大于20 dBZ的回波体积具有较好的相关性。闪电活动的平均位置高度与20 dBZ雷达回波顶高和-20℃温度层上大于30 dBZ的回波体积具有较好的相关关系。闪电活动与最大降水强度之间具有较好的时序对应关系,单个闪电表征降水量的值为107 kg/fl量级。 相似文献
10.
云地闪电回击通道分叉或者曲折引起的电流传播方向改变可以在回击辐射波形上面引入一系列次峰结构乃至影响其VHF辐射特征。本文用回击传输线模式探讨了回击通道几何结构对回击VLF／VHF辐射场的影响，结果显示：(1)VLF信号波形次峰幅度与通道片断的尺度以及取向有关，尺度为100m量级且具有较大的垂直分量的电流变化过程可以在回击波形下降沿上面引入与回击幅度相当的次峰结构，而小尺度(1m量级或者更小)的通道曲折在回击波形上面引入的次峰幅度只有回击主峰幅度的10％以下。水平方向的电流传播过程几乎不在回击波形上面产生可以辨别的次峰结构。曲折通道的所有曲折片段的平均长度是描述曲折通道的一个重要参数，次峰时间间隔与幅度均与平均曲折尺度成正相关。(2)曲折通道能够明显增加回击高频辐射分量的能量，出现最大辐射能量增加的频率相当．于波长等于曲折尺度的电磁波频率的1／8。小尺度的曲折或者分叉结构能够使得回击高频分量的强度提升一个数量级，但是这一强度的增加仍比我们实际测量的VHF辐射强度小一个数量级，说明通道曲折和分叉很可能不是回击过程VHF辐射产生的主要原因。 相似文献
11.
利用宽带傅立叶分析法对2008年7月30日和8月4日两次雷暴过程中, 距离观测点5~20 km范围内的55次负地闪回击过程, 33次云内闪电过程以及20次双极性窄脉冲事件（NBE）的电磁辐射信号进行了观测分析, 得到地闪回击、 云闪放电初始阶段以及双极性窄脉冲事件在0.1~40 MHz频带宽度下的电磁辐射能量谱密度。结果表明, 这三类闪电放电过程的辐射频谱波形均呈现出随频率增加、 幅值减小的趋势, 但在辐射强度和衰减速率上存在一定的差异。负地闪回击幅频波形在6~28 MHz频段上衰减速率相对缓慢; 云闪初始阶段在全频带上始终遵循f-1.2~f-1.4之间的衰减率递减, 且其频谱幅值与地闪回击的辐射能量谱幅值相差不大; NBE事件在0.1~40 MHz频带中辐射能量谱幅值基本都明显大于其他两类闪电放电过程, 特别是在10 MHz以上的HF、 VHF频带上其差异可达到20 dB。 相似文献
12.
Electrical characteristics of an isolated supercell storm observed on 13 June 2014 over Beijing were investigated using lightning data obtained from the Beijing Lightning Network, radar reflectivity, and hydrometeor retrievals during the 6-h lifetime. Positive cloud-to-ground(+CG) lightning took a high percentage of CG lightning. Before and during a hail event,+CG lightning was more frequent than negative cloud-to-ground(-CG) lightning, except that +CG lightning took a high percentage at the beginning and in the dissipating stage. After the hail event ended,-CG lightning dominated and reached its maximum value. An analysis of hydrometeors retrieved by X-band polarimetric radar revealed that the discharge concentrated in the convective region with graupel particles and hailstones, whereas graupel, snow and ice crystals in the stratiform region. Lightning radiation sources were located mainly in the convective region, some of which were distributed along a gradient of radar reflectivity from the convective region to the stratiform region. The indication is that the supercell demonstrated an inverted tripole charge structure before the hail event, which converted to a normal tripole structure after the hail event. 相似文献
13.
北京城区相继多次降雹的一次强雷暴的闪电特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
受东北冷涡和低层暖湿气流影响,2016年6月10日北京午后爆发了相继5次降冰雹的一次强雷暴天气过程。利用国家“973”项目“雷电重大灾害天气系统的动力—微物理—电过程和成灾机理（雷暴973）”2016年夏季协同观测期间获得的闪电全闪三维定位和多普勒天气雷达等资料,详细分析了此次雹暴的闪电活动和雷达回波特征。此次雹暴过程包括三个孤立的单体相继发展、并合,所分析的4次降雹过程中,总闪电频数在降雹期间都有明显增多,最高可达179 flashes min?1。云闪占全部闪电的80%以上,其中3次降雹前出现正地闪突增,其比例升高,占全部地闪的比例最高达58%。降雹时雷达回波>45 dBZ的面积增大,顶高超过13 km。整个雹暴过程,闪电辐射源主要分布在6～10 km的高度区域,与强回波具有一致性。所分析的4次降雹过程均出现明显的总闪频数跃增,并通过2σ阈值检验,其中3次提前时间为8～18 min,说明总闪频数对于降雹过程有一定的预警能力。 相似文献
14.
Dr D. M. Le Vine 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1987,37(3):195-204
Summary A review is presented of the measurements reported in the literature of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation from lightning in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 GHz. Measurements have been made either by monitoring the power received at inidividual frequencies using a narrow bandwidth recording device or by recording the transient (time dependent) radiation with a wide bandwidth device and then Fourier transforming the waveform to obtain a spectrum. Measurements of the first type were made extensively in the 1950's and 1960's and several composite spectra have been deduced by normalizing the data of different investigators to common units of bandwidth and distance. The composite spectra tend to peak near 5 kHz and then decrease roughly as 1/(frequency) up to nearly 100 MHz where scatter in the data make the behaviour uncertain. The spectrum obtained with measurements of the second type is similar. Recent experiments have extended the frequency range covered to several 10's of MHz and include spectra for return strokes, the stepped leader and for some intracloud processes. The spectrum of first return strokes obtained in this manner is very similar to the spectrum of the composite flash obtained from the narrowband measurements.With 9 Figures 相似文献
15.
Data from the lightning mapping imager on board the Fengyun-4 meteorological satellite (FY-4) were used to study the assimilation of lightning data and its influence on precipitation predictions. We first conducted a quality control check on the events observed by the first Fengyun-4 satellite (FY-4A) lightning mapping imager, after which the noise points were removed from the lightning distribution. The subsequent distribution was more consistent with the spatial distribution and range of ground-based observations and precipitation. We selected the radar reflectivity, which was closely related to the lightning frequency, as the parameter to assimilate the lightning data and utilized a large sample of lightning frequency and radar reflectivity data from the eastern United States provided by Vaisala. Based on statistical analysis, we found the empirical relationship between the lightning frequency and radar reflectivity and established a look-up table between them. We converted the lightning event data into radar reflectivity data and found that the converted reflectivity and composite reflectivity of ground-based radar observations showed high consistency. We further assimilated the lightning data into the model, adjusted the model cloud analysis process and adjusted the model hydrometeor field by using the lightning data. A rainstorm weather process that occurred on August 8, 2017, in south China was used for the numerical forecast experiment, and three experiments were designed for comparison and analysis: a control experiment, an experiment without the assimilation of FY-4 lightning data (NoLig), and an experiment with the assimilation of FY-4 lightning data (Lig). The results show that after assimilating the FY-4A lightning data, the accuracies of the intensity, central location and range of the precipitation predicted by the Lig experiment were obviously superior to those predicted by the control and NoLig experiments, and the effect was especially obvious in the short-term (1–2 hour) forecast. The studies in this paper highlight the application value and potential of FY-4 lightning data in precipitation predictions. 相似文献
16.
用远场辐射场反演云闪放电参数 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用地面电磁场遥感闪电放电参数无论是在实际应用还是理论研究中都具有重要意义。文中基于电流传输线模式 ,提出了一种用单站远场VLF/LF辐射场反演云内放电参数的简便方法。当传输线电流从底部传播到顶部的时间只有几微秒时 ,整个传输线的VLF/LF辐射可以近似成偶极子辐射 ,即远场辐射场与电流的时间变化率和传输线长度的乘积成正比。因此 ,对远场辐射场做时间积分就能获得完整的电流矩波形 (上升沿有所加宽 ) ,而且传输线模式中的重要参数 ,电流从底部传播到顶端经历的时间 ,也可以近似地用辐射场时间积分幅度与辐射场幅度之比来估计。这一方法具有估计云闪双极性大脉冲辐射过程的放电参数的潜力。 相似文献
17.
The spectra with wavelength range of 390 nm to 660 nm of triggered lightning were observed in Guangdong Area using a slitless spectrograph. The characteristics of the lightning spectra during the initial continuous current and return strokes were analyzed, and the differences between the metal section and air section of the lightning channel were compared. The results showed that the metal spectra were contained in the metal section during the initial continuous current. As for the lightning channel of the return strokes, the line spectra for both the metal section and the air section were identical; neither of the two sections contained the metal spectra, but the relative intensity of its emission spectrum was different. Owing to different radiation mechanisms, the spectral structures and luminance of the two sections were not the same. Combined with the current data, it was found that there was a good positive correlation between the total spectral strength and the transferred charge. The total intensity of the lightning channel spectrum increased with the height of the channel, indicating that the radiation sequence of the lightning channel was different. High temporal resolution observations showed that the spectral line duration could be divided into three categories, in which the lines with higher excitation energy appear first and decay rapidly, while those with lower excitation energy appear later but last longer. 相似文献
18.
Dr. P. Krehbiel T. Chen S. McCrary W. Rison G. Gray M. Brook 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1996,59(1-2):65-82
Summary Observations of thunderstorms with a dual channel circularpolarization radar have provided dramatic indications of the buildup of the electric field inside the storms and of the sudden collapse of the field at the time of lightning. The indications are obtained by coherently correlating the simultaneous returns in the right- and left-hand circular polarization channels of the radar, and follow up on the pioneering observations of this type by Hendry and McCormick (1976). The correlation is estimated and displayed in real time and the results enable one to predict when a storm has the potential for producing a lightning discharge, and often to anticipate the occurrence of individual discharges. The observations detect the presence of electrically aligned particles, believed to be small ice crystals, which are aligned by the electrostatic field of the storm. The aligned particles cause the radar signal to become progressively depolarized as it propagates through an alignment region, giving rise to correlated right- and left-circular polarization echoes. The alignment direction can be determined from the phase of the correlation and is found to be predominantly vertical, indicating a similar electric field orientation. Weaker horizontal alignment is often observed immediately following lightning discharges, consistent with the idea that the aligned particles are ice platelets which fall with horizontal orientation due to aerodynamic forces. The observations have been found to reveal the onset of strong electrification in developing storms and to indicate when decaying storms no longer have the potential to produce lightning. By compensating for signal-to-noise effects, the variation of the depolarization with range can be determined. This provides detailed pictures of the alignment regions which could be used as tracers of ice crystal populations in storms. The pictures also show the spatial variation of the alignment directions, raising the possibility of remotely mapping the storm electric field structure. Finally, the depolarization rate results readily enable one to distinguish between liquid and solid precipitation in the storms.With 7 Figures 相似文献
19.
利用自制闪电宽带电场三维定位系统, 分析了山东地区一次雷暴过程闪电三维时空结构。结果表明, 在云内击穿放电整个时间序列中, 辐射源空间分布（对应强电场区分布）呈现明显的三极性分层电荷结构, 并分布在3个高度层次： 6~8 km为上部正电荷区, 4~6 km为中部负电荷, 2.5~4 km为下部次正电荷区。云内放电首先出现在中部负电荷区, 然后产生向上发展的负流光进入上部正电荷区传输, 形成向上发展的云闪; 随着雷暴发展, 产生向下发展的负流光进入下部次正电荷区, 形成向下发展的云闪, 且能维持到雷暴发展后期。结合雷达回波分析表明, 雷达回波的强度影响着闪电活动, 强回波区的增加会使得强电场区域增加, 但是强电场区域并不与最强回波区域对应, 除下部正电荷区的底部会有部分辐射源出现在回波强度为40~50 dBz的区域中以外, 大多数的辐射源出现在25~35 dBz的中等回波区范围内, 强回波区域中通常较少出现击穿放电。 相似文献
20.
统计分析了1998~2004年长江三角洲(长三角)地区由星载闪电成像传感器(LIS)观测的闪电资料，发现了该地区LIS闪电活动的一些时空分布特征:闪电次数的年差异较大，最多年份是最少年份的3倍；7~8月盛夏季节是闪电高发期，闪电次数和日数分别占全年的70%和60%；闪电高发期间的抬升指数(IL)小于-2℃；7~8月闪电主要集中于午后，3~6月则集中在上半夜；上海地区单日LIS闪电次数超过8次时，多伴有强对流天气和短时强降水；长三角地区的闪电活动区主要分布在上海的东部，部分沿江、沿湖地区和浙江的龙门山等山区；水域闪电少于陆地，大城市城区下风方向闪电活动较多，部分雷暴刚入海时有加强的趋势。分析表明:太阳辐射的季节变化和日变化等是造成闪电时间分布的主要原因；地形的动力作用和下垫面的物理特性及其差异是造成气候意义上中小尺度闪电空间分布差异的主要原因。文章对LIS闪电定位资料进行了探测效率订正，根据LIS注视时间计算了闪电密度，并与地基闪电定位资料和多普勒天气雷达资料进行了对比。LIS闪电活动特征的分析，对雷暴预警和防灾减灾有指导意义。 相似文献