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1.
鲍是我国重要的增养殖经济贝类,台湾和南方沿海分布与养殖的主要为Haliotis diversicolor,它有平纹九孔H.diversicolor supertexta和粗纹九孔H.diversicolor diversicolor两个亚种,但由于多年的相互引种,目前亚种间已无明显界限。台湾和福建称之为台湾鲍或九孔(鲍),而广东及其以南沿海常称为杂色鲍。1979年,台湾九孔鲍人工繁殖成功后开始在东北角养殖,随后推广至岛内其他地区,养殖方式从潮间围堰发展到陆地平面及立体网笼式。大陆鲍规模化养殖起始于上世纪80代中后期的大连和山东沿海,养殖种类为当地的皱纹盘鲍H.discus hannai及随后引进… 相似文献
2.
鲍是我国重要的增养殖经济贝类，台湾和南方沿海分布与养殖的主要为Haliotis diversicolor，它有平纹九孔H．diversicolor supertexta和粗纹九孔H．diversicolor diversicolor两个亚种，但由于多年的相互引种，目前亚种间已无明显界限。台湾和福建称之为台湾鲍或九孑L（鲍），而广东及其以南沿海常称为杂色鲍。1979年，台湾九孔鲍人工繁殖成功后开始在东北角养殖，随后推广至岛内其他地区，养殖方式从潮间围堰发展到陆地平面及立体网笼式。大陆鲍规模化养殖起始于上世纪80代中后期的大连和山东沿海，养殖种类为当地的皱纹盘鲍H．discus hannai及随后引进的日本盘鲍H．discus discus，以潮间带养殖和沉箱养殖为主。福建东山县上世纪90年代初开始引进台湾的九孔鲍繁养殖技术，并迅速向南推广至广东、海南和广西沿海，直至越南和泰国。据笔者保守估计，目前我国南方大小鲍养殖场超过700家，鼎盛时期成鲍产量（包括台湾）超过7000t，主要杂色鲍养殖区见图l。但1999年春福建东山杂色鲍开始暴发流行性病毒病，至2001年又出现附着幼苗从硅藻膜（板）上大规模脱落死亡症状，此两种流行病迅速蔓延至包括台湾在内的鲍主要养殖区，对正高速发展的我国南方鲍养殖业毁灭性打击，连年的病害肆虐致使大多育苗场和养殖场无以为续，十池九空，损失难以计数。笔者对该养殖业目前的现状进行了概括，追述了流行病学特征，并对以后的发展进行探讨，供同仁提供参考。 相似文献
3.
采用平衡巢式设计方法和人工授精技术,构建九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)12个半同胞家系和36个全同胞家系(每个雄鲍配3个雌鲍),分别测定每个母系生长到8月龄的全同胞个体30个后代的壳长、壳宽和体质量,应用数量遗传学的全同胞组内相关分析法,利用SPSS软件的GLM过程计算表型变量的原因方差组分,估算九孔鲍8月龄生长性状的遗传力以及性状间遗传相关和表型相关。结果表明:利用父系半同胞组内相关法估计的遗传力是九孔鲍各生长性状遗传力的无偏估计值,其中壳长、壳宽和体质量性状的狭义遗传力的估计值分别为0.285、0.264和0.343,属于中高等遗传力,显示出较高的选择育种潜力;基于父系半同胞遗传协方差组分及表型协方差分别估计的各性状间的遗传相关和表型相关表明,各性状间均表现出高的正相关,其中壳长―壳宽、壳长―体质量和壳宽―体质量性状间遗传相关的相关系数分别为0.947、0.934、0.902,表型相关的相关系数分别为0.910、0.791、0.760。经t检验,各性状间遗传相关和表型相关均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。研究表明,以任何一个生长性状为参数进行选育,均可达到改良九孔鲍生长的效果。 相似文献
4.
九孔鲍养殖群体与野生群体杂交一代生长比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)汕尾养殖群体(BD)和深圳野生群体(YS)进行群体间杂交及群体内自繁,获得YS♀×BD♂、BD♀×YS♂、BD♀×BD♂和YS♀×YS♂4个组合的F1代,对其卵径、受精率、幼体附着率、幼体变态率,以及40、70、100、160、220、280日龄幼鲍的存活率及壳长、壳宽等进行比较。结果表明:野生群体卵径比养殖群体大12.14%,差异极显著(p值<0.01);受精率、附着率、变态率,杂交组显著大于自繁组(p值<0.05);杂交组在幼体存活率、稚贝主要生长性状与自繁组相比均表现出不同程度的杂种优势,幼鲍存活率平均杂种优势变化范围为(14.89±3.60)%～(43.00±2.15)%,壳长平均杂种优势变化范围为(5.18±1.46)%～(18.52±2.12)%,壳宽平均杂种优势变化范围为(6.17±1.09)%～(16.72±1.26)%,体质量平均杂种优势变化范围为(9.86±1.25)%～(12.55±1.26)%;通过野生群体与养殖群体的杂交育苗能提高九孔鲍的经济性状。 相似文献
5.
奥尼罗非鱼杂交子代及亲本mtDNA D-loop基因序列的多态性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用PCR技术扩增奥利亚罗非鱼(Oreochromis aureus)、尼罗罗非鱼(O.niloticus)及其杂交子代(O.aureus♂×O.niloticus♀)3个群体mtDNA控制区全序列,分析其变异和遗传结构。结果显示:3个群体的mtDNA控制区序列长度多态性并不十分明显,全长921～933bp;3个群体间存在丰富的DNA序列多态性,共检测到138个变异位点(14.9%),44个个体具有44种单倍型(haplotype);3群体间的序列差异平均为4%,Tamura-Nei遗传距离平均为5.1%;采用NJ法和ME法构建的分子系统树中,奥利亚罗非鱼群体内所有的单倍型聚成一支,尼罗罗非鱼与其杂交子代的单倍型混杂在一起,聚成一支,表明杂交后代mtDNAD-loop表现为母系遗传。 相似文献
6.
采用筏式吊养模式,分别研究水层与饵料两因子对九孔鲍幼鲍生长与存活的影响。养殖水层设置5个水深,分别为-1 m,-2 m,-3 m,-4 m,-5 m;3类饵料分别为海带、江篱菜、海带+江篱菜。通过单因素方差分析方法对养殖60、120日龄时的九孔鲍生长性状进行方差分析,并对不同水平下的均数进行多重比较,结果表明:水层因子对60日龄九孔鲍的壳长和壳宽及存活率均无显著影响(p值>0.05),对体质量影响显著(p值<0.05);对120日龄鲍苗的所有生长性状均有显著影响;饵料因子对60日龄和120日龄鲍苗的体质量、壳长、壳宽与存活率均有影响显著(p值>0.05)。综合水层和饵料的实验结果表明,在-2 m水层以江蓠菜+海带为饵料时,九孔鲍幼鲍的生长最好,主要生长性状均显著大于其他组合。 相似文献
7.
粤西镇海湾近江牡蛎线粒体16S rRNA基因序列变异分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用聚合酶链式反应 (PCR)技术对粤西镇海湾水域的近江牡蛎Crassostrearivularis(Gould)群体 2 7个个体的线粒体DNA16SrRNA基因序列片段进行扩增 ,获得大约 5 0 0bp的扩增产物。PCR产物经纯化后进行序列测定 ,经ClustalX同源排序 ,除去引物及部分端部序列 ,得到4 14bp的核苷酸片段。 2 7个个体共检测到 2个变异位点 ,均为颠换位点 ,没发现碱基位点插入、缺失及转换位点 ,共 3种单倍型 ,每个单倍型只有一个碱基的差异。运用DNASP软件计算得该群体的核苷酸多样性和平均核苷酸差异数分别为 0 .0 0 0 36和 0 .14 815。此结果提示镇海湾近江牡蛎群体遗传多样性已很低 ,很有必要从其他分布区引进近江牡蛎亲贝来扩大该种群的遗传多样性 相似文献
8.
采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术对粤西镇海湾水域的近江牡蛎Crassostrea rivularis (Gould)群体27个个体的线粒体DNA16S rRNA基因序列片段进行扩增，获得大约500bp的扩增产物。PCR产物经纯化后进行序列测定，经Clustal X同源排序，除去引物及部分端部序列，得到414bp的核苷酸片段。27个个体共检测到2个变异位点，均为颠换位点，没发现碱基位点插入、缺失及转换位点，共3种单倍型，每个单倍型只有一个碱基的差异。运用DNASP软件计算得该群体的核苷酸多样性和平均核苷酸差异数分别为0．00036和0．14815。此结果提示镇海湾近江牡蛎群体遗传多样性已很低，很有必要从其他分布区引进近江牡蛎亲贝来扩大该种群的遗传多样性。 相似文献
9.
《广东海洋大学学报》2019,(5)
【目的】探讨盐度对不同规格九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)耗氧量和排氨率的影响。【方法】采用实验室生态学方法,测定7种盐度下(21、24、27、30、33、36和40)3种规格[干质量(1.53±0.14)、(1.11±0.23)和(0.68±0.20)g]九孔鲍的耗氧率和排氨率。【结果】(1)盐度在21～36时,耗氧率随着盐度的上升而增大;盐度为36时,3种规格九孔鲍的耗氧率均达到最大值;当盐度大于36时,耗氧率随盐度上升而下降,九孔鲍的耗氧率(R_O)与软体部干质量(m)的回归关系符合幂函数:R_O=a m~(-b),其中a的波动范围在0.412～1.216之间,平均值为0.818±0.286;b的波动范围在0.311～0.546之间,平均值为0.446±0.074;(2)排氨率在实验盐度范围内呈持续升高趋势,排氨率(R_N)与软体部干质量(m)的回归关系符合幂函数:R_N=c m~(-d),其中c的波动范围在0.174～0.621之间,平均值为0.330±0.154;d的波动范围在0.439～0.668之间,平均值为0.521±0.084;(3)相同盐度下,九孔鲍的耗氧率和排氨率随干质量的增大而显著减小(P <0.05),且耗氧率和排氨率与干质量均符合R=a m~(-b)模型;(4)九孔鲍的规格对O/N比值影响不显著(P> 0.05),当盐度为40时,O/N值显著降低。【结论】盐度、规格及两者间的交互作用均对九孔鲍的耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响。 相似文献
10.
在自然海区设置5个水平养殖密度,分别为100、200、300、500、700只/组,每组分别设置1平行组,观察筏式养殖密度对九孔鲍生长的影响,结果表明:养殖密度对九孔鲍的生长和存活率有显著影响(p值<0.05),在5只密度组中以低密度组的生长最快,存活率最高,平均日增壳长、日增壳宽与日增体质量分别达72.50μm/d、40.00μm/d与14.17 mg/d;随着养殖密度的增加,九孔鲍生长逐渐减慢,存活率逐渐降低;在实验范围内,养殖密度与平均日增体质量的回归方程式为y=12.338 exp(-0.000 2x)。 相似文献
11.
Haliotis diversicolor Reeve is one of the most important mollusks cultured in South China. Preliminary genetic linkage maps were constructed with
amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 2 596 AFLP markers were obtained from 28 primer combinations
in two parents and 78 offsprings. Among them, 412 markers (15.9%) were polymorphic and segregated in the mapping family. Chi-square
tests showed that 151 (84.4%) markers segregated according to the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio (P<0.05) in the female parent, and 200 (85.8%) in the male parent. For the female map, 179 markers were used for linkage analysis
and 90 markers were assigned to 17 linkage groups with an average interval length of 25.7 cm. For the male map, 233 markers
were used and 94 were mapped into 18 linkage groups, with an average interval of 25.0 cm. The estimated genome length was
2 773.0 cm for the female and 2 817.1 cm for the male map. The observed length of the linkage map was 1 875.2 cm and 1 896.5
cm for the female and male maps, respectively. When doublets were considered, the map length increased to 2 152.8 cm for the
female and 2 032.7 cm for the male map, corresponding to genome coverage of 77.6% and 72.2%, respectively. 相似文献
12.
杜晓东 《广东海洋大学学报》1998,(3)
利用透射电镜观察九孔鲍（Haliotidaediversicoloraquatilis）的外套膜表皮细胞,结果表明细胞可分为4大类,即普通柱状表皮细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和感觉细胞。它们在不同区域的分布、形态和数量变化与外套膜的功能分化密切相关。 相似文献
13.
Haliotis diversicolor Reeve is one of the most important mollusks cultured in South China. Preliminary genetic linkage maps were constructed with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 2 596 AFLP markers were obtained from 28 primer combinations in two parents and 78 offsprings. Among them, 412 markers (15.9%) were polymorphic and segregated in the mapping family. Chi-square tests showed that 151 (84.4%) markers segregated according to the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio (P0.05) in the female parent, and 200 (85.8%) in the male parent. For the female map, 179 markers were used for linkage analysis and 90 markers were assigned to 17 linkage groups with an average interval length of 25.7 cm. For the male map, 233 markers were used and 94 were mapped into 18 linkage groups, with an average interval of 25.0 cm. The estimated genome length was 2 773.0 cm for the female and 2 817.1 cm for the male map. The observed length of the linkage map was 1 875.2 cm and 1 896.5 cm for the female and male maps, respectively. When doublets were considered, the map length increased to 2 152.8 cm for the female and 2 032.7 cm for the male map, corresponding to genome coverage of 77.6% and 72.2%, respectively. 相似文献
14.
Defensin is one of preserved ancient host defensive materials formed in biological evolution. As a regulator and effector molecule, it is very important in animals' acquired immune system. This paper reports the defensin gene from the mixed liver and kidney cDNA library of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Sequence analysis shows that the gene sequence of full-length cDNA encodes 42 mature peptides (including six Cys), molecular weight of 4 323 Da, and pI of 8.02. Amino acid sequence homology analysis shows that the peptides are highly similar (70% in common) to other insects defensin. Because of a typical insect-defensin structural character of mature peptide in the secondary structure, the polypeptide named Haliotis discus defensin (hd-def), a novel of antimicrobial peptides, belongs to insects defensin subfamily. The RT-PCR result of Haliotis discus defensin shows that the gene can be expressed only in the hepatopancreas by Gram-negative and positive bacteria stimulation, which is ascribed to inducible expression. Therefore, it is revealed that the Haliotis discus defensin gene expression was related to the antibacterial infection of Haliotis discus hannai Ino. 相似文献
15.
Thyroid hormone is a kind of important hormone which regulates metamorphosis. Its role is well described in amphibian metamorphosis. Thyroid hormones(T3 and T4) have also been demonstrated to play a role in metamorphosis of marine invertebrates. However, the mechanism of thyroid hormone in metamorphosis of marine invertebrates remains unknown. A homolog of vertebrate thyroid hormone receptor(TR) was cloned and identified in abalone Haliotis diversicolor and was named HdTR. The mRNA expressions of HdTR, thyroid peroxidase( TPO), thyroid peroxidase 1( TPO1), idothyronine deiodinase III( IDIII) and integrin alpha-V( ITGAV) had significant dif ference in metamorphosis of H. diversicolor.Metamorphosis rate and mortality rate were significantly dif ferent in HdTR RNAi experiment and T3 inducing experiment. In RNAi experiment, ITGAV and CCND1(cyclin D1) expression of dsRNA HdTR exposing group were significantly lower than those of blank control and negative control. But CTNNB(catenin beta) expression of dsRNA HdTR exposing group was higher than that those of blank control and negative control. ERK(extracellular signal regulated kinases) and PI3 K(phosphoinositide-3-kinase) had no significant dif ference in RNAi experiment. Moreover, ITGAV of 1 μmol/L T3 group was significantly lower than that of 0 μmol/L T3 group, PI3 K expression of 10 μmol/L T3 group was higher than that of 0 μmol/L T3 group, and the other genes expression had no significant dif ference in T3 inducing experiment. The data of genes expression suggested that CCND1 might be an ef fector gene of TR genomic action, while CTNNB might be regulated by unliganded TR. CCND1 and CTNNB may be involved in cell proliferation of metamorphosis. T3 might regulate the expression level of PI3 K via nongenomic way. These results shed light on the mechanism of thyroid hormone in abalone metamorphosis. 相似文献
16.
采用室内池子多层笼养殖方式 ,以加工海带、鲜江艹离 与 A,B2种片状饲料为饵料 ,试验了不同食物与不同放养水层对九孔鲍生长影响 ,结果表明 :( 1)从壳长增长上 ,海带与饲料 B近似 ,各为 11.3与 11.2 mm;其次为饲料 A,10 .2 mm;而江 艹离 最差 ,仅 7.7mm;( 2 )在体重增长上 ,以饲料 B最高 ,平均每只为 3.3g,其次为饲料 A与海带 ,平均每只 2 .9g,而江艹离 仅 1.8g;( 3)从试验期间所获体重增长比壳长增长看 ,两种饲料 ( B为 2 95,A为 2 84 mg/mm)均比两种海藻高 (海带为 2 57,江艹离 为 2 34mg/mm) ;( 4 )从垂直 11层笼子九孔鲍生长的比较 ,下层的好于上层 ,越是下层越好 ,投喂两种饲料在体重上差别更明显。 相似文献
17.
Feng Yanwei Yuan Bo Jiang Xu Liu Xiangquan Li Zan Sun Guohua Xu Xiaohui 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,39(1):350-361
Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Haliotis discus hannai is an important marine economic species in China. Its egg color was found to be associated with economic traits, which provides a new... 相似文献
18.
Abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta is an important economic mollusk.The settlement and metamorphosis are two critical stages during its development period,which has direct influence on abalone survival and production.The influence of reactive oxygen species(hydrogen peroxide) on abalone embryo and juvenile development were examined in this study.Larvae of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta were induced to settlement and metamorphose by exposure to seawater supplemented with hydrogen peroxide.They had the best performance at 800 μmol/L.The concentration of 1 000 μmol/L or higher was toxic to the larvae,as the larvae could settle down only at benthic diatom plates without complete metamorphosis.In addition,H2O2 adding time was critical to the larval performance.24h after two-day post-fertilization was proved to be the optimal adding time.In this paper,two action mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide are discussed:(1) hydrogen peroxide has direct toxicity to ciliated cells,thus cause apoptosis;(2) hydrogen peroxide,as a product from catecholamines' autoxidation process in vivo,can reverse this process to produce neuro-transmitters to induce abalone metamorphosis. 相似文献
19.
Effects of chemical cues on larval survival,settlement and metamorphosis of abalone Haliotis asinina
Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Low larval survival, poor settlement, and abnormal metamorphosis are major problems in seed production of donkey-ear abalone Haliotis asinina. We examined the... 相似文献