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1.
周日观测对掌握近海碳酸盐体系变化和海-气CO2交换过程是必要的,有助于降低碳源汇评估的不确定性。针对北部湾东北部的英罗湾-安铺港海域,于2018年4月和8月利用24 h定点逐时采样观测了该区域表层海水碳酸盐体系及相关要素,分析了春、夏季的表层海水CO2分压(p CO2)24 h逐时变化规律及其调控因子。观测结果表明,春、夏季p CO2变化范围分别为530～628μatm和427～748μatm,平均海-气CO2通量分别为(1.7±0.8)mmol/(m2·d)和(1.2±0.8)mmol/(m2·d),均表现为大气CO2的弱源。其中春季p CO2 24 h逐时变化受温度的影响相比夏季更显著,而夏季p CO2对潮汐作用以及区域内沿岸河流、地下水等淡水汇入引起的生物生产和呼吸代谢过程增强的响应更明显。海水升温主导了春季区域表层高p CO2的形成,夏季咸淡水的物理混合过程中增...  相似文献   

2.
Anomalously high precipitation and river discharge during the spring of 2005 caused considerable freshening and depletion of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in surface waters along the coastal Gulf of Maine. Surface pCO2 and total alkalinity (TA) were monitored by repeated underway sampling of a cross-shelf transect in the western Gulf of Maine (GOM) during 2004–05 to examine how riverine fluxes, mixing, and subsequent biological activity exert control on surface DIC in this region. Most of the variability in surface DIC concentration was attributable to mixing of low DIC river water with higher DIC, saline GOM waters, but net biological uptake of DIC was significant especially during the spring and summer seasons. The extent and persistence of the coastal freshwater intrusion exerted considerable influence on net carbon dynamics. Integrated over the 10-m surface layer of our study region (∼5 × 104 km2), net biological DIC uptake was 0.48 × 108 mol C during April–July of 2004 compared to 1.33 × 108 mol C during April–July of 2005. We found the temporal signature and magnitude of DIC cycling to be different in adjacent plume-influenced and non-plume regions. Extreme events such as the freshwater anomaly observed in 2005 will affect mean estimates of coastal carbon fluxes, thus budgets based on short time series of observations may be skewed and should be viewed with caution.  相似文献   

3.
Nutrients, chlorophyll-a, particulate organic carbon (POC), and environmental conditions were extensively investigated in the northern East China Sea (ECS) near Cheju Island during three seasonal cruises from 2003 to 2005. In spring and autumn, relatively high concentrations of nitrate (2.6~12.4 μmol kg-1) and phosphate (0.17~0.61 μmol kg-1) were observed in the surface waters in the western part of the study area because of the large supply of nutrients from deep waters by vertical mixing. The surface concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in summer were much lower than those in spring and autumn, which is ascribed to a reduced nutrient supply from the deep waters in summer because of surface layer stratification. While previous studies indicate that upwellings of the Kuroshio Current and the Changjiang (Yangtze River) are main sources of nutrients in the ECS, these two inputs seem not to have contributed significantly to the build-up of nutrients in the northern ECS during the time of this study. The lower nitrate:phosphate (N:P) ratio in the surface waters and the positive correlation between the surface N:P ratio and nitrate concentration indicate that nitrate acts as a main nutrient limiting phytoplankton growth in the northern ECS, contrary to previous reports of phosphate-limited phytoplankton growth in the ECS. This difference arises because most surface water nutrients are supplied by vertical mixing from deep waters with low N:P ratios and are not directly influenced by the Changjiang, which has a high N:P ratio. Surface chlorophyll-a levels showed large seasonal variation, with high concentrations (0.38~4.14 mg m-3) in spring and autumn and low concentrations (0.22~1.05 mg m-3) in summer. The surface distribution of chlorophyll-a coincided fairly well with that of nitrate in the northern ECS, implying that nitrate is an important nutrient controlling phytoplankton biomass. The POC:chlorophyll-a ratio was 4~6 times higher in summer than in spring and autumn, presumably because of the high summer phytoplankton death rate caused by nutrient depletion in the surface waters.  相似文献   

4.
黑潮主流径海域海水中的无机碳及其对东海陆架区的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
基于2014年5—6月对黑潮主流径及毗邻东海陆架海区的调查,研究了该区域水体中无机碳体系参数(p H、总碱度TAlk、溶解无机碳DIC及DIC/TAlk)的垂直与水平分布,在此基础上定量评估了黑潮输入对东海陆架海区无机碳收支的影响。结果表明,黑潮水体中DIC、TAlk与DIC/TAlk总体而言随水深增加而升高,p H降低,综合体现了浮游植物生产、海-气界面交换、有机物降解及Ca CO3溶解等过程的影响;上升流中心站位无机碳参数均受较深层水体上涌影响,与黑潮主流径其它站位略有不同。东海陆架海区外侧站位表层、30m层无机碳主要受台湾海峡暖流影响,高p H、低DIC/TAlk的黑潮表层水影响区域局限于东南部;而在底层,低p H、高DIC/TAlk的黑潮入侵流离开黑潮主流径向正北方延伸并抬升至钱塘江口附近;上升流对无机碳的影响持续至表层,其携带的黑潮中层水因此也可能进入陆架海区。水量模型估算黑潮水在5—10月间跨域陆架边缘向东海陆架区输入溶解无机碳总计58798.9×109mol,净输入达37382.9×109mol,而东海向外输出的无机碳绝大部分经由对马海峡进入日本海。  相似文献   

5.
Time-series measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nutrient concentrations were conducted in the northwestern North Pacific from October 2002 to August 2004. Assuming that data obtained in different years represented time-series seasonal data for a single year, vertical distributions of DIC and nutrients showed large seasonal variabilities in the surface layer (∼100 m). Seasonal variabilities in normalized DIC (nDIC) and nitrate concentrations at the sea surface were estimated to be 81–113 μmol kg−1 and 12.7–15.7 μmol kg−1, respectively, in the Western Subarctic Gyre. The variability in nutrients between May and July was generally at least double that in other seasons. In the Western Subarctic Gyre, estimations based on statistical analyses revealed that seasonal new production was 39–61 gC m−2 and tended to be higher in the southwestern regions or coastal regions. The seasonal new productions in the northwestern North Pacific were two or more times higher than in the North Pacific subtropical gyre and the northeastern North Pacific. It is likely that this difference is due to spatial variations in the concentrations of trace metals and the species of phytoplankton present. In addition, from estimations of surface pCO2 it was verified that the Western Subarctic Gyre is a source of atmospheric CO2 between February and May and a sink for CO2 between July and October.  相似文献   

6.
岱衢洋拖网甲壳动物多样性的季节变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
根据2010年春季(5月)、夏季(8月)、秋季(11月)与2011年冬季(2月)对岱衢洋进行的共4个航次的底拖网渔业资源调查资料,对该海域的甲壳动物多样性进行了分析。结果表明,共捕获甲壳动物21种,其中虾类13种、蟹类7种、虾蛄类1种,隶属于2目14科18属;甲壳动物的生物量与尾数密度均以秋季为最高,春季则正好相反,且该两季的生物量与尾数密度间差异均显著(P<0.05);广温广盐种在种类数量、生物量与尾数密度方面均居主导地位;Margalef丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)和Pielou均匀度指数(J′)的最小值均出现在冬季,表明该季甲壳动物群落的丰富度、多样性与均匀性都较低,另外,D值、H′值夏、秋两季高,冬、春两季低,与较外海域的情况正好相反,这主要是其对底层水温季节变化的一种响应。  相似文献   

7.
A new water quality index for evaluating the water quality of Jinhae Bay and Gwangyang Bay was developed. Four water quality parameters were selected as water quality indicators for the water quality index: dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and dissolved oxygen (DO). Reference levels of DIN, DIP, and Chl-a were determined as 6.22 μmol L?1, 0.38 μmol L?1, and 2.32 μmol L?1, respectively, on the basis of a long-term dataset that was collected monthly in the Korea Strait over a period of seven years (2006–2012). The water quality index established for Jinhae Bay and Gwangyang Bay is (bottom DO grade × 0.33) + (surface Chl-a grade × 0.33) + (surface DIN grade × 0.17) + (surface DIP grade × 0.17). On the basis of a three-year observation, the water quality of Jinhae Bay was classified as “good” in winter and spring, “poor” in summer, and “fair” in autumn and exhibited large spatial variation, with the lowest-quality water observed in Masan Bay. The water quality of Gwangyang Bay was classified as “good” in winter, “fair” in spring, “poor” in summer, and “fair” in autumn. Unlike Jinhae Bay, the water quality of Gwangyang Bay exhibited minimal spatial variation. In both bays, water quality among the four seasons was worse during summer. It is essential that a survey for water quality evaluation be conducted during summer.  相似文献   

8.
During the 1993–1995 period of minimal deep convection in the Greenland Sea, the dissolved inorganic carbon concentration within the surface waters varied dramatically on the seasonal time scale, with average summer and winter values of 2064 (±10) and 2150 (±5) μmol kg−1, respectively, indicative of a vigorous annual carbon cycle. In contrast, there was very little interannual variability throughout these three years. While primary production largely depleted the surface nutrient supplies in spring and summer, generating a strong seasonal CO2 drawdown, a combination of relatively shallow remineralization and mixed-layer deepening brought essentially all of the carbon consumed by photosynthesis back into contact with the atmosphere before winter. This re-release of the inorganic carbon that had been consumed by phytoplankton earlier in the year was more than sufficient to counteract the cooling-induced increase in the carbon carrying capacity of the water during fall and winter, reducing the potential for atmospheric carbon dioxide absorption by the Greenland Sea over the same period.  相似文献   

9.
东海沿岸海域表层海水酸化趋势及影响因素研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
根据2002—2011年东海沿岸海域(4个区域,16个站位)春、夏、秋三个季节的表层海水pH、温度、盐度和叶绿素a等监测资料,对该海域pH的年际时空变化及其影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明,东海沿岸海域表层海水十年间pH变化趋势存在明显的季节和区域差异,共有10个站点表层海水pH呈下降趋势,主要集中于长江口和杭州湾海域,而三门湾和椒江口海域的酸化则不明显。环境因子相关性分析显示,杭州湾海域夏季表层海水的pH与叶绿素a浓度呈极显著正相关,其它海域两者间未显示出显著的相关性;杭州湾海域的pH与海表温度也存在显著的相关性,但季节不同趋势不同,呈现出春季正相关而夏季负相关的特征;pH与盐度的关系在各海域表现得更加明显,长江口、杭州湾和三门湾三个调查海区海水的pH变化与盐度都存在显著的正相关。总之,在10年的连续监测内东海沿岸海域存在一定程度的酸化趋势,其影响机制还需进一步研究。  相似文献   

10.
The vertical distribution of dissolved aluminium in the Mediterranean Sea offshore of Corsica has been followed during a period of high biological activity (April–September). In May and August, the concentration of dissolved aluminium is at a relatively low (1.5 μg Al1?1) and rather constant value in the surface waters, while exhibiting minimum values of about 0.5 and 0.8 μg Al1?1 in April and September. It increases under the seasonal thermocline to a depth of 150–500 m. The bottom waters are characterized by a constant and relatively high value of 4 μg Al1?1.The observed concentrations of dissolved aluminium are not compatible with a precipitation-dissolution mechanism of clay minerals.The general distribution pattern and the seasonal changes of dissolved aluminium exhibit strong analogies with those of dissolved silica and nitrogen, suggesting a pre-dominant role of biological activity. It is not possible at this stage to attribute the aluminium uptake in the photic zone solely to the activity of diatoms, as suggested earlier.  相似文献   

11.
Partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in surface seawater has been measured in the northeastern Pacific Ocean at Station P and along Line P since 1973. These data have been divided into ‘oceanic’ and ‘coastal/transition’ zones, and the seasonal and interannual variability and the long-term trends for each zone have been examined. The oceanic zone shows little seasonality in surface seawater pCO2, with undersaturation throughout the year. A strong, biologically-driven seasonal cycle is offset by variation in temperature-dependent solubility of CO2. The coastal/transition zone shows a decline in pCO2 from winter–spring through summer and fall that is likely the result of seasonal stratification and convection rather than coastal upwelling. Interannual variability all along Line P is correlated with the multivariate ENSO index (MEI), with lower seawater pCO2 associated with El Niño conditions. Correlations with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index are similar but weaker, in part because there are few data prior to the 1976 regime shift. The long-term trend in seawater pCO2 in the oceanic zone is +1.36±0.16 μatm year?1, indistinguishable from the atmospheric growth rate, and varies little among the seasons. In the coastal/transition zone a slow increase in the pCO2 of surface seawater relative to that of the atmosphere has led to increasing undersaturation, particularly in spring. Aliasing of the seasonal and interannual variability due to sampling frequency may explain part of the observed trend in the coastal/transition zone, but real changes in physical or biological processes are also possible and require more detailed study.  相似文献   

12.
以深圳沿岸海域为研究区,以MODIS/AQUA卫星遥感产品为数据源,结合实测浮标数据修正了VGPM中叶绿素a含量的估算进而分析深圳沿岸海域净初级生产力的时空分布规律.研究表明:(1)深圳沿岸海域2014年2、5、8、10月的净初级生产力在空间分布上从近海向外逐渐降低,初级生产力整体呈现出"西高东低"的局面,且未有明显的季节性波动.(2)4个海区的叶绿素a含量均表现为夏季最高秋冬季次之,但各海区主要影响因素不同,珠江口主要受季风造成的浮游植物种类与细胞密度的季节变化影响,大亚湾主要受营养盐限制,大鹏湾的主导因素为湾内余流的季节变化,深圳湾的叶绿素a含量主要与浮游植物细胞密度的季节变化有关.(3)珠江口的初级生产力春夏季高于秋冬季;大鹏湾的初级生产力夏季最高,且季节变化趋势与叶绿素a表现一致;深圳湾的初级生产力夏季最高,且季节变化趋势与海表温度表现一致;大亚湾的初级生产力波动明显,夏冬季海洋初级生产力数值总体高于春秋季.  相似文献   

13.
The seasonal and interannual changes in surface nutrients, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) were recorded in the North Pacific (30–54°N) from 1995 to 2001. This study focuses on the region north of the subarctic boundary (∼40°N) where there was extensive monthly coverage of surface properties. The nutrient cycles showed large interannual variations in the eastern and western subarctic gyres. In the Alaska Gyre the seasonal depletion of nitrate (ΔNO3) increased from 8–14 μmol kg−1 in 1995–1999 to 21.5 μmol kg−1 in 2000. In the western subarctic the shifts were similar in amplitude but more frequent. The large ΔNO3 levels were associated with high silicate depletions, indicating enhanced diatom production. The seasonal DIC:NO3 drawdown ratios were elevated in the eastern and central subarctic due to calcification. In the western subarctic and the central Bering Sea calcification was significant only during 1997 and/or 1998, two El Ni?o years. Regional C/N stoichiometric molar ratios of 5.7 to 7.0 (>40°N) were determined based on the years with negligible or no calcification. The annual new production (NPa) based on ΔNO3 and these C/N ratios showed large interannual variations. NPa was usually higher in the western than in the eastern subarctic. However, values of 84 gC m−2yr−1 were found in the Alaska Gyre in 2000 which is similar to that in the most productive provinces of the northern North Pacific. There were also large increases in NPa around the Alaska Peninsula in 1997 and 1998. Finally, the net removal of carbon by the biological pump was estimated as 0.72 Gt C yr−1 in the North Pacific (>30°N). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

14.
厦门海域分粒级叶绿素a含量的分布特征   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
据2002年12月至2004年2月间厦门海域6个航次分粒级叶绿素a含量的调 查资料,研究了该海域分粒级浮游植物叶绿素a含量的分布特征及其控制因子．结果 表明:厦门海域叶绿素a含量平均值为5．36mg／m3,各调查月份中,8月份的含量最 高(13．6mg／m3),5月的次之(5．33mg／m3),12、2月的含量较低．叶绿素a含量的水 平分布在冬季时较为均匀;春、夏季在宝珠屿海域出现最高值(33．28mg／m3),九龙江 口外出现次高值(13．84mg／m3)．厦门海域全年以微型浮游植物占优势,小型浮游植 物在夏季高生物量时占比较高(41．O％),微微型浮游植物所占比例较小(年平均值 为9．7％)．冬季低温是浮游植物生长的主要限制因子,春、夏季随着温度升高,营养 盐的缺乏限制了浮游植物的生长．  相似文献   

15.
Copper concentrations have been measured in more than 200 samples collected from an Alaskan fjord and continental shelf and slope regions in the northwestern Gulf of Alaska. Concentrations were lowest (2·1 nmol kg−1) at depths of 400–1000 m in the continental slope waters of the Gulf of Alaska. Copper increased systematically with decreasing salinities shoreward to concentrations >30 nmol kg−1 in fjord surface waters during summer months of high freshwater runoff. Copper concentrations increased with depth at an inner fjord station where deep basin waters have restricted circulation, and these data together with surface (<5 cm) pore water copper concentrations (mean=122 nmol kg−1) about an order of magnitude higher than bottom water copper concentrations are indicative of a flux of copper across the sediment-seawater interface. This latter was estimated at 32±12 nmol cm−2 annually, and represented less than 20% of the annual input to fjord surface water (228–411 nmol cm−2) added during summer months. Mass balances in bottom waters indicate a vigorous recycling of copper with a residence time estimated at 21±11 days. Most copper that is remobilized in surface sediments is returned to bottom waters and little (3%) is removed by subsequent diagenetic reaction in the buried sediments. However, an estimate of copper accumulating in anoxic fjord sediments was comparable with copper added to fjord surface waters suggesting that input-removal reactions rather than internal cycling controls copper geochemistry in this estuary.  相似文献   

16.
分别于2012年3月和7月对长江口及其邻近海域水体中溶解态铝的分布及其影响因素进行了研究,并在2012年3月至2013年11月期间对长江徐六泾进行了连续观测。结果表明,徐六泾溶解态铝在夏季出现最高值,在冬季呈现最低值,平均值分别为(313±130)nmol/L和(140±43)nmol/L,表现出与径流量相似的季节变化规律。受陆源输入变化的影响,长江口溶解态铝的浓度由近岸向外海逐渐降低,且呈现出明显的季节性差异,即7月明显高于3月。3月表、底层海水中溶解态铝的浓度范围分别为21~129 nmol/L和27~146 nmol/L,平均值分别为(49±21)nmol/L和(59±27)nmol/L;7月表、底层溶解态铝的浓度范围分别为6~332 nmol/L和9~252 nmol/L,平均值分别为(66±69)nmol/L和(83±74)nmol/L。在7月,表、底层溶解态铝呈现显著性差异,底层沉积物的再悬浮可能是造成差异的主要原因。调查结果表明,溶解态铝在长江口呈现出清除型行为,清除主要发生在咸淡水混合初期,初步计算出7月份溶解态铝的清除率约为55%。  相似文献   

17.
In order to examine latitudinal distribution and seasonal change of the surface oceanic fCO2, we analyzed the data obtained in the North Pacific along 175°E during the NOPACCS cruises in spring and summer of 1992–1996. Except for around the equator where the fCO2 was significantly affected by the upwelling of deep water, the latitudinal distribution of fCO2 showed distinctive seasonal variation. In the spring, the fCO2 decreased and then increased going southward with the minimum value of about 300 µatm around 35°N, while in the summer, the fCO2 displayed high variability, showing minimum and maximum values at latitudes of around 44° and 35°N, respectively. It was also found that the fCO2 was well correlated with the SST, but the relationship between the two was different for different hydrographic regions. In the subpolar gyre, the frontal regions between the Water-Mass Front and the Kuroshio bifurcation front, and between the Kuroshio bifurcation front and the Kuroshio Extension current, SST, DIC and TA influenced the seasonal fCO2 change through seasonally-dependent biological activities and vertical mixing and stratification of seawater. In the central subtropical gyre and the North Equatorial current, the seasonal fCO2 change was found to be produced basically by changes in SST and DIC. The summertime oceanic fCO2 generally increased with time over the period covered by this study, but the increased rate was clearly higher than those expected from other measurements in the western North Pacific.  相似文献   

18.
分别于2006年8月,12月和2007年4月,10月采集胶州湾及周边海域大气和海水样品,对氧化亚氮(N2O)和甲烷(CH4)浓度进行了测定,并设置1个连续站进行24 h连续观测.结果表明:大气中N2O春、夏、秋、冬的平均浓度(体积分数)分别为(3.17±0.03)×10-7,(3.24±0.15)×10-7,(3.19±0.02)×10-7和(3.08±0.25)×10-7;大气中CH4春、夏、秋、冬的平均浓度(体积分数)分别为(1.89±0.04)×10-6,(1.79±0.04)×10-6,(2.09±0.21)×10-6和(2.01±0.09)×10-6.胶州湾表、底层海水中N2O和CH4的浓度和饱和度表现出明显的季节变化,其中N2O浓度和饱和度冬季最高,春、秋季次之,夏季最低;CH4浓度和饱和度夏季最高,冬季最低.利用Liss and Merlivat(1986)公式和Wanninkhof(1992)公式估算出胶州湾海域N2O的年平均海-气交换通量分别为(11.16±14.15)和(22.42±27.56)μmol m-2·d-1;CH4分别为(7.75±6.19)和(17.76±14.84)μmol m-2·d-1.胶州湾大部分海域表层海水中N2O和CH4呈过饱和状态,是大气中N2O和CH4的净源.  相似文献   

19.
Physical oceanographic data were collected during September 1975 at stations in the shallow water (max. depth 45 m) embayments of Salonica Bay and Thermaicos Gulf, and comparisons are made with data collected during other seasons. The distribution of temperature and salinity in the water column indicated the following features: fresh surface water predominantly related to river discharge; an intermediate water mass, apparently formed by mixing between the fresh and open sea waters; a thermocline, and deep bottom water open sea characteristics. The summer distribution of density in the surface and bottom waters, and the seasonal variation in the pattern of surface salinity, suggested an anti-clockwise water circulation throughout the embayments.  相似文献   

20.
Phytoplankton chlorophyll concentrations in the Delaware estuary range over two orders of magnitude and display several maxima over the seasonal cycle. These maxima were found to be regulated both spatially and temporally by light availability. Both the spring chlorophyll maximum, which reaches 50–60 μg chlorophyll l?1 during a Skeletonema costatum dominated bloom, and transient fall blooms (15–20 μg l?1) are focused in mid-estuary. These blooms are regulated spatially by settling out of suspended sediment below the turbidity maximum and both spatially and temporally by physical factors (e.g. river flow) that cause vertical stratification in mid-estuary. In freshwater regions, chlorophyll concentrations display seasonal periodicity correlated with solar irradiance; summer chlorophyll concentrations average 30 μg l?1. These freshwater and mid-estuarine biomass maxima may be correctly predicted using a steady-state light-limitation model. In contrast, summer chlorophyll concentrations in the lower estuary remain below 10 μg l?1 and are not correctly modeled, despite minimum turbidity, and non-nutrient limiting conditions. These chlorophyll concentrations appear to be regulated by a combination of light availability and grazing.Although extremely high anthropogenic nutrient inputs in the freshwater region of the Delaware River provide non-limiting nutrient concentrations throughout the estuary, regulation of phytoplankton growth by light-limitation restricts chlorophyll concentrations below the nuisance levels found in many eutrophic systems.  相似文献   

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