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分析了宜宾地区产生冰雹天气的大气环流形势及其不同环流型下的能量场结构和特点，天气尺度影响系统的物理机制和相互作用。我区降雹主要产生在西风大槽和阶梯槽型下，由其性质可分为冷锋雹暴和暖气团雹暴两类，冰雹天气的产生需要气团内部具备强不稳定层结，动力扰动触发不稳定能量释放产生强烈的上升运动和有利的环境温湿条件．采用潜在性不稳定度和物理量诊断值定量反映降雹前的气团内部不稳定能量结构和影响系统的强度，能较好地客观反映降雹天气的特点，具有较高的预报准确率。 相似文献
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对１９９９ 年５ 月９ 日平顶山地区降雹的天气形势、稳定度、单站要素以及雷达回波、卫星云图进行了综合分析,并提出此类冰雹天气的一些预报着眼点。 相似文献
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本分析了2003年5月13日21时青海省东部地区降雹天气过程的大尺度环流背景、成雹的动力学和热力学条件、成雹的物理机制、云图资料等方面的特征，从冰雹所具备的三个条件入手，计算了一些表征大气的大气稳定度等物理量参数，绘制成图。总结出了几点降雹过程的预报技术要点。对自动站资料的应用，得出这次降雹过程的影响系统为一中β尺度系统。 相似文献
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冰雹是一种强对流天气,常伴有雷雨大风,我区每年约出现8—9次,是造成棉花、玉米、瓜果等农作物减产的主要灾害性天气之一。本文对德州地区降雹当日08时的能量场特征作了分析,并在此基础上选取具有不同天气意义的先兆因子,建立了预报当日13时至次日08时是否降雹的判别方程,为做好冰雹天气预报提供了较为可靠的依据。 相似文献
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贵州区域冰雹天气过程的短期预报方法 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
通过对贵州冰雹天气中天气形势的天气系统的垂直剖面分析，隐雹天气系统与大范围降雹，连续２日以上降雹的天气过程分析，降雹系统与冰雹落区的关系分析，总结了贵州冰雹天气过程的趋势预报和短期预报方法，据天气系统的配置确定了降雹区，还利用１９７９－１９８年３月－５月中的２５０个冰雹天气和一般雷阵雨，阵雨天气过程的样本资料建立了客观的按月取判断冰雹天气过程的方程。 相似文献
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山东省降雹天气系统特征场分析 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
在分析 1 986～ 1 998年 4～ 6月山东省每次降雹过程的天气系统的基础上 ,将降雹天气系统分为 4类 ,计算了每类降雹系统的平均环流场和风场等及与主要冰雹落区的关系 ,为冰雹客观预报和防雹减灾提供了一定的环流背景和依据 相似文献
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Paul Joe Cliff Crozier Norman Donaldson Dave Etkin Erik Brun Steve Clodman 《大气与海洋》2013,51(2):249-302
Abstract Summer severe weather (SSW) can strike suddenly and unexpectedly with disastrous consequences for human activity. Considerable progress has been made in the past ten years in the operational forecasting of SSW. Traditionally, SSW was defined to consist of tornadoes, strong winds, hail, lightning and heavy rain. Hazardous types of strong winds have recently been expanded to include microbursts, macrobursts and surfacing rear inflow jet damage behind mesoscale convective systems. Doppler radar was used to relate surface damage to the appropriate atmospheric phenomena, first diagnostically and then prognostically. This improvement in classification has fedback to and improved the forecast process. Concurrent progress has been made in the use of synoptic observations. The concept of helical wind profiles and improved knowledge of the role of dry mid‐level air has improved the forecasting of tornadoes and strong gusty winds. Moisture flux convergence, derived from surface measurements, shows great promise in identifying areas of storm initiation. Satellite imagery has been used to identify dynamical atmospheric boundaries. Numerical modelling of the interaction of environmental wind profiles and individual thunderstorms has greatly contributed to the understanding of SSW. Studies of spatial and temporal patterns of lightning, both specific cases and climatology, contribute to the forecasting of severe storms. Polarization radar results have shown progress in separating the signals of hail from those of rain and in the improved measurement of heavy rainfalls. Radar observation of clear air boundaries and their interactions show potential for the forecasting of thunderstorm initiation. Though not traditionally considered part of SSW, hurricanes that evolve into extra‐tropical storms share many of the same hazardous features. The progress in computing, communications and display technologies has also made substantial contributions to operational forecasting and to the dissemination of weather warnings. 相似文献
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The Climate Forecast Systems （CFS） datasets provided by National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP）, which cover the time from 1981 to 2008, can be used to forecast atmospheric circulation nine months ahead. Compared with the NCEP datasets, CFS datasets successfully simulate many major features of the Asian monsoon circulation systems and exhibit reasonably high skill in simulating and predicting ENSO events. Based on the CFS forecasting results, a downscaling method of Optimal Subset Regression （OSR） and mean generational function model of multiple variables are used to forecast seasonal precipitation in Guangdong. After statistical analysis tests, sea level pressure, wind and geopotential height field are made predictors. Although the results are unstable in some individual seasons, both the OSR and multivariate mean generational function model can provide good forecasting as operational tests score more than sixty points. CFS datasets are available and updated in real time, as compared with the NCEP dataset. The downscaling forecast method based on the CFS datasets can predict three seasons of seasonal precipitation in Guangdong, enriching traditional statistical methods. However, its forecasting stability needs to be improved. 相似文献
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广东省汛期旱涝成因和前期影响因子探讨 总被引：28，自引：21，他引：28
根据广东省８６个气象站降水量资料，用正态化Ｚ指数对前，后汛期旱涝等级进行了划分，前汛期旱涝年对比分析表明：西太平洋副高造成的南海地区较强偏南风和较强东亚大槽以及较强垲支西风急流（有利于中纬度冷空气南侵）之间的相互作用是影响广东前汛期降水偏多的直接原因，广东前汛期偏早的主要原因是冷空气偏弱，西太平洋暖池海温变化是这种相互作用的重要影响因子，暖池海温偏高（低），广东前汛期正常偏旱（涝）。前期１２－２月西太平洋暖池海温是前汛期旱涝变化的重要强信号之一，预测前汛期旱涝时应特别关注两极极涡的强度变化和中纬度地区位势高度变化，后汛期旱斩份对比分析表明：亚洲夏季风系统偏强（弱）是造成广东省后污期偏涝（旱）的最重要因素，登陆广东的热带气施个数对后污期降水的影响也比较大，还探讨了后汛期旱涝的预测问题，提出前期５月份北太平洋东部地区５００hPa位势高度距平是预测后汛期旱涝的重要强信号，其位势高度为正距平，则广东后汛期偏早，负距平则偏涝，南半球中高纬地区大气环流变化通过对印度夏季风的影响从而影响后汛期旱涝的变化。 相似文献
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Recent advances in monsoon studies in China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
This review provides a synopsis of the major progress that has been made in monsoon studies in China and to further bridge the gap between the Chinese and international meteorological community. It consists of seven major sections. After the introduction, the second section begins with the global monsoon systems and their seasonal variation, based on some new methods proposed in recent years. Besides, some major intraseasonal features of East Asian monsoon, including the onset of South China Sea summer monsoon are discussed. In the third section, we review the interactions between ENSO and the East Asian monsoon, focusing in particular on the results of Chinese meteorologists that indicate the influence of ENSO on the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) is obviously different from that on the tropical monsoon. Besides the tropical Pacific,other ocean basins, such as the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, are also important to the East Asian monsoon, and this topic is discussed in the fourth section. In the fifth section, we address the role of land surface processes in East Asian monsoon. For example, we describe work that has shown more snow cover in spring on the Tibetan Plateau is followed by a weakened EASM and more summer rainfall in the Yangtze River valleys. The sixth section focuses on the influence of atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere(SH) on EASM, demonstrating how the signal from the SH is likely to provide new clues for the seasonal forecasting of summer rainfall in China. Finally, in the seventh section, we concentrate on the interdecadal variations of EASM. In particular, we look at a significant interdecadal variation that occurred at the end of the 1970 s, and how our understanding of this feature could affect forecasting ability. 相似文献
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利用常规天气资料和多普勒天气雷达等资料对2015年7月27日发生在四川资阳的一次伴随冰雹大风的超级单体进行综合分析。结果表明:(1)该超级单体具有较大的CAPE值,适宜的0℃层和-20℃层高度,有利于雹粒的增长,为大暴雨和冰雹提供了不稳定能量。(2)此次风暴具有超级单体风暴的典型特征,在雷达反射率因子上,中低层有“钩状回波”、弱回波区、三体散射长钉,中高层有回波悬垂现象,速度图上是气旋式流场,后发展为中气旋,中气旋首先出现在中低层,随后向上向下发展。(3)垂直累计液态水含量(VIL)在发生冰雹前会有一个跃增变化,在30分钟内从5kg/m2跃增到75kg/m2,VIL跃增变化提前冰雹发生,对冰雹具有警示作用。(4)三体散射长钉是预示冰雹的一个重要特征,此次风暴的三体散射出现在高度5~10km,只在2个体扫时间内出现过。 相似文献
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2011年4月17日广东强对流天气过程分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用地面和高空观测、卫星、雷达和闪电及自动站资料对2011年4月1 7日出现在广东省的强对流天气的背景和演变进行了分析和总结,本次强对流过程出现了短时强降水、雷雨大风和冰雹等强对流天气,具有风力强、中尺度强风暴系统明显、局地性强和灾情严重等特点。分析表明,地面锋面抬升是本次强对流天气发生的主要触发机制,珠三角地区的地形平坦、广东中层的干急流以及较大的垂直风切变可能是强风暴系统发展和维持的主要因素。最后,本文也分析了当时的主观预报思路并提出了一些思考和总结。 相似文献
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降雹前大气层结稳定状态下的环境场特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
分析了１９８３年９月４日巴盟地区降有大气层结稳定的降雹过程,通过对降雹前后高空槽的变化、能量条件、触发机制以及环境风垂直切变等物理量的分析,揭示了此类降雹的大气环境场地特征。同时指出在特定的环流背景下大气层结随时间的变化可能会由稳定状态变为不稳定状态。 相似文献
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该文利用基于格点冰雹识别的研究成果,结合ARPS风暴数值模式的输出结果,提出基于风暴数值模式的冰雹临近预报方法,即用风暴数值预报的水物质场反演的反射率因子场作为冰雹的预报因子,并通过建立基于格点的强冰雹识别算法作为冰雹预报模型,从而对冰雹的落区及大小做出预报。与一般的冰雹预报模型相比,新的方法有以下特点：选取的冰雹预报因子物理意义更加明确,更加全面;建立的冰雹预报模型比较稳定;建立冰雹预报模型的过程相对简单。新的方法在一次强冰雹过程中得到了成功应用,在3h的临近预报中基本准确预报了强冰雹的落区位置。 相似文献