共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
利用X射线粉末衍射仪、拉曼光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、电子探针及岩石薄片对昌化鸡血石样品中“地”与“血”的矿物组成、形貌特征、化学成分等进行了研究。结果表明,昌化鸡血石“硬地”“软地”与“冻地”的矿物组合不同;其中,“地”以地开石为主且呈鳞片状,随着石英的增加,特别是明矾石的加入,“地”的硬度变大。“冻地”鸡血石中地开石的结晶粒度比“硬地”鸡血石中的大,但其空间定向性排列没有后者的好。昌化鸡血石中“血”由细小的半自形-他形辰砂微晶集合体组成,其“血”色与辰砂晶体的聚集状态及其杂质成分有关,而杂质成分又与Se元素的质量分数密切相关。 相似文献
4.
相山及邻区七个火山盆地火山岩岩性特征及成因探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文研究赣杭构造带西南端相山及其邻区7个火山盆地主体岩石的特征和成因,从地质产状、岩性、岩石化学等方面做了论述。采用了红外光谱、矿物包裹体、高温实验等研究方法,探讨了岩石的形成机理。相山主体岩石是一种成因特殊的火山碎屑（斑）熔岩,即岩颈碎屑熔岩和岩流碎屑熔岩。相山等火山盆地主体岩石边部的塑性岩屑不是熔离成因,而是由火山喷发作用形成的。火山碎屑熔岩中的斜长石牌号变化大,钾长石主要是低透长石,表明岩石的形成具有高温特征。不同岩石相的矿物中的熔融包裹体有明显的形态标型。碎眉熔岩中的石英碎斑结构,主要是高温热炸裂成因的。7个火山盆地中的主体岩石可划分两大类:相山、玉华山和礼陂火山盆地的主体岩石是火山碎屑熔岩;高家、林家、谙源和谭港火山盆地的主体岩石是弱熔结凝灰岩。 相似文献
5.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>北黄海盆地东部坳陷中生代碎屑岩十分发育,同时也钻遇火成岩(侵入岩和火山岩)。侏罗系和白垩系是目前研究的主要目的层段,岩性主要为砂砾岩、凝灰质砾岩、长石岩屑砂岩、凝灰质砂岩、粉砂岩/泥质粉砂岩、泥岩/粉砂质泥岩和少量凝灰岩、灰岩,岩石组分多样,岩石类型复杂。岩石组分主体为风化剥蚀物源特征的再旋回石英、长石,且不同程度地含有凝灰质。岩石组分含量在平面上具有明显的分区性,坳陷北部岩石组分中以含有一定量的灰岩岩屑为特征,坳陷东部岩石组分以含有火山成因碎屑和高含量的 相似文献
6.
新疆哈尔拉金矿区含矿围岩为一套中酸性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩,后经含硫热液或热气作用,具强烈硅化、中强绢云母化、明矾石化,受构造挤压微有碎裂和定向,并沿其具绢云母化、黄铁矿化、金矿化. 1 近矿围岩及其特征 矿床赋矿围岩主要为完全硅化、绢云母化角砾凝灰岩,少量具石英残斑的熔岩,顶部一层正常沉积的角砾砂岩[1]. 火山碎屑岩 根据残留结构、构造可区分为角砾凝灰岩—凝灰岩及熔结角砾凝灰岩两类.前者岩石残留不规则状碎屑外形,小至0.03 mm,大至数毫米.熔结角砾凝灰岩具残留假流纹构造和变余熔结凝灰结构,排列不规则状碎屑等外形. 英… 相似文献
7.
松辽盆地十屋油田属于构造-岩性油气藏。营城组发育正常沉积岩、火山熔岩、凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩和凝灰质砂岩,岩石中不同程度地含有火山碎屑物质。火山碎屑的含量,不仅决定了岩石类型,而且影响储层物性。与火山作用有关的岩石类型及其分布反映了物源区的特征。岩心的岩性识别虽然精准,但数量与分布有限,影响到确定物源-沉积体系的类型与分布。测井资料的岩性识别,特别是含有火山碎屑岩石的识别可以弥补取心不足造成的限制。十屋油田不同层位岩石中K元素测井值的对比,相同层位岩石中的U、Th元素测井参数交会图,GR、DEN、CNL、AC、Rt、RMSFL测井参数的玫瑰图和GR-PE、GR-DEN测井参数交会图,对十屋油田营城组Ⅳ-Ⅴ砂组与火山作用有关的岩石实现了有效的岩性识别,形成了测井识别模式。测井识别岩性和岩心识别岩性相结合,确定了研究区5种岩石类型分区,证明了松辽盆地十屋油田营城组Ⅳ-Ⅴ砂组来自火山岩物源、再旋回沉积岩源区的正常碎屑岩物源、受花岗岩影响的正常碎屑岩物源、受花岗岩和火山岩影响的正常碎屑岩物源以及混合区域物源沉积体系的存在与分布范围。 相似文献
8.
9.
晋北煤层夹矸粘土岩、偏岭石及紫矸的物质来源与成因 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
产于煤层中的夹矸主要由火山碎屑经沼泽水的高岭石化结果(含高温石英等);煤层底板碎屑高岭石组成的夹矸,则多由陆源风化产物经水流搬运进一步受沼泽水高岭石化结果(含微斜长石等)。偏岭石是在pH<4的沼泽水中溶解陆源风化物或火山碎屑pH=4.8～5生成Al_2O_3与SiO_2凝胶交互沉淀,在成岩作用中经水铝英石转变为偏岭石并重结晶的.紫矸主要是陆源风化产物粘土质经水流搬运机械沉积,表生作用可脱硅为软水铝石. 相似文献
10.
阿勒坦达坂金锑矿处于博罗科努岛弧带中[1].主要地层为中泥盆统汗吉尕组,岩性为泥质粉砂岩、石英岩屑砂岩、钙质砂岩夹火山灰凝灰岩、火山角砾岩等.构造主要为NW向,褶皱、断裂十分发育,褶皱主要为紧密线型,断裂均为中、高角度逆断层,总体上组合成叠瓦式. 1 矿区地质特征 岩石及其蚀变 矿区出露的岩石主要为灰褐、浅褐色火山灰凝灰岩夹少量火山角砾岩,火山碎屑岩中侵入有少量脉状及小岩株状花岗斑岩、花岗闪长岩.岩石受断裂构造及脉岩和小侵入体的影响,具有不同程度的硅化、绿泥石化和退色化现象,局部断裂破碎带内形成n×10-2~n m厚,… 相似文献
11.
Lindsay J. McHenry Luis Luque Jos ngel Gmez Fernando Diez-Martín 《Quaternary Research》2011,75(3):708-720
The Pleistocene Humbu and Moinik formations of the Peninj Group in northern Tanzania preserve an important archaeological and paleontological record, in addition to a record of local volcanism in the form of tephra and lavas. Samples of the major Humbu and Moinik formations' basaltic and trachytic tephra were collected and characterized using phenocryst composition and both primary and authigenic mineral assemblage, since the volcanic glass was completely altered to zeolite. Some tephra are distinguishable solely using phenocrysts, but some are too similar in mineral composition or too poor in phenocrysts to definitively “fingerprint” without glass. Titanomagnetite phenocrysts were mostly altered; characterization was thus limited to feldspar, augite, and hornblende compositions for most tephra. Phenocryst compositions were compared to Olduvai tephra compositions to see if any regional tephra could be identified that could help correlate the sites. Augite or hornblende composition rules out potential correlations of Olduvai Bed I Tuff IF and the Bed II Bird Print Tuff or Tuff IID to otherwise similar Peninj Group tephra. Despite their overlap in age and locations at less than ~ 80 km from the Ngorongoro Volcanic Highlands, Peninj and Olduvai have different tephra records, which limits the possibilities for establishing a regional tephrostratigraphic framework. 相似文献
12.
In Quaternary studies, tephras are widely used as marker horizons to correlate geological deposits. Therefore, accurate and precise dating is crucial. Among radiometric dating techniques, luminescence dating has the potential to date tephra directly using glass shards, volcanic minerals that formed during the eruption or mineral fragments that originate from the shattered country rock. Moreover, sediments that frame the tephra can be dated to attain an indirect age bracket. A review of numerous luminescence dating studies highlights the method's potential and challenges. While reliable direct dating of volcanic quartz and feldspar as a component in tephra is still methodically difficult mainly due to thermal and athermal signal instability, red thermoluminescence of volcanic quartz and the far-red emission of volcanic feldspar have been used successfully. Furthermore, the dating of xenolithic quartz within tephra shows great potential. Numerous studies date tephra successfully indirectly. Dating surrounding sediments is generally straightforward as long as samples are not taken too close to the tephra horizons. Here, issues arise from the occurrence of glass shards within the sediments or unreliable determination of dose rates. This includes relocation of radioelements, mixing of tephra into the sediment and disregarding different dose rates of adjacent material. 相似文献
13.
应用X射线衍射-激光拉曼光谱-电子探针等分析测试技术研究旬阳朱砂玉的矿物学特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
近年来外观形似鸡血石的红色朱砂玉备受关注,其中吉林、贵州、青海等地这种红色岩石已有矿物成分、岩性等相关方面的研究。本文利用常规宝石常数测定手段、偏光显微镜、X射线粉晶衍射仪、激光拉曼光谱仪、电子探针等分析测试技术,对陕西旬阳朱砂玉的矿物学和宝石学特征进行了研究。结果表明,该产地朱砂玉的矿物成分以石英、辰砂为主,含有少量的方解石、白云石、重晶石、黄铁矿;其中主要矿物成分辰砂的颜色随铁含量的增加而逐渐加深;矿物结构以碎屑结构、粒状变晶结构、穿插交代结构为主。根据矿物成分以及矿床成因的研究分析,初步认为陕西旬阳朱砂玉属于沉积-热液-强烈改造型矿床。该地区的朱砂玉与鸡血石的相似之处在于矿物的主要成分都含有辰砂,致使外观品质上具有一定的相似性,但具体矿床成因以及矿物成分有着明显的差别:旬阳朱砂玉产于沉积-热液-强烈改造型矿床中,其“地”主要矿物成分为石英岩,“血”为辰砂;而浙江昌化和内蒙古巴林鸡血石均产于中生代交代蚀变酸性火山岩的次级断裂小构造中,其“地”主要为地开石、高岭石、叶腊石,“血”为辰砂。此次研究采用多种分析测试手段为旬阳朱砂玉与鸡血石的鉴别提供了可靠的依据。 相似文献
14.
Torsten Bolte Francois Holtz Renat Almeev Barbara Nash 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2015,169(2):15
The magma storage conditions of the 6.62 Ma Blacktail Creek Tuff eruption, belonging to the Heise volcanic field (6.62–4.45 Ma old) of the Yellowstone hotspot system, have been investigated by combining thermobarometric and experimental approaches. The results from different geothermometers (e.g., Fe–Ti oxides, feldspar pairs, apatite and zircon solubility, and Ti in quartz) indicate a pre-eruptive temperature in the range 825–875 °C. The temperature estimated using two-pyroxene pairs varies in a range of 810–950 °C, but the pyroxenes are probably not in equilibrium with each other, and the analytical results of melt inclusion in pyroxenes indicate a complex history for clinopyroxene, which hosts two compositionally different inclusion types. One natural Blacktail Creek Tuff rock sample has been used to determine experimentally the equilibrium phase assemblages in the pressure range 100–500 MPa and a water activity range 0.1–1.0. The experiments have been performed at fluid-present conditions, with a fluid phase composed of H2O and CO2, as well as at fluid-absent conditions. The stability of the quartzo-feldspathic phases is similar in both types of experiments, but the presence of mafic minerals such as biotite and clinopyroxene is strongly dependent on the experimental approach. Possible explanations are given for this discrepancy which may have strong impacts on the choice of appropriate experimental approaches for the determination of magma storage conditions. The comparison of the composition of natural phases and of experimentally synthesized phases confirms magma storage temperatures of 845–875 °C. Melt water contents of 1.5–2.5 wt% H2O are required to reproduce the natural Blacktail Creek Tuff mineral assemblage at these temperatures. Using the Ti-in-quartz barometer and the Qz–Ab–Or proportions of natural matrix glasses, coexisting with quartz, plagioclase and sanidine, the depth of magma storage is estimated to be in a pressure range between 130 and 250 MPa. 相似文献
15.
Larry V. Benson Joseph P. Smoot Michaele Kashgarian Andrei Sarna-Wojcicki James W. Burdett 《Quaternary Research》1997,47(3):251-260
Uncalibrated radiocarbon data from core PLC92B taken from Wizards Cove in the Pyramid Lake subbasin indicate that the Trego Hot Springs and Wono tephra layers were deposited 23,200 ± 300 and 27,300 ± 30014C yr B.P. (uncorrected for reservoir effect). Sedimentological data from sites in the Pyramid Lake and Smoke Creek–Black Rock Desert subbasins indicate that the Trego Hot Springs tephra layer was deposited during a relatively dry period when Pyramid Lake was at or below its spill point (1177 m) to the Winnemucca Lake subbasin. The Wono tephra layer was deposited when lake depth was controlled by spill across Emerson Pass sill (1207 m) to the Smoke Creek–Black Rock Desert subbasin.18O data from core PLC92B also support the concept that the Trego Hot Springs tephra fell into a relatively shallow Pyramid Lake and that the Wono tephra fell into a deeper spilling lake. 相似文献
16.
Age and significance of the Platypus Tuff Bed,a regional reference horizon in the Upper Permian Moranbah Coal Measures,north Bowen Basin 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
P. Michaelsen R. A. Henderson P. J. Crosdale C. M. Fanning 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):183-192
The Platypus Tuff Bed in the Permian Moranbah Coal Measures provides a basin‐wide marker horizon traceable for over 300 km along strike. The bed is a tephra event unit, the product of a large‐scale volcanic eruptive episode involving a pyroclastic volume > 10 km3. The relatively even thickness (～1–1.5 m) of the tuff across the entire northern Bowen Basin (～10 000 km2) implies a distant source. The tuff is ash‐rich and its original geochemistry has been compromised by diagenetic alteration. Crystal content (10–15%) is dominated by quartz, suggesting a rhyolitic association. SHRIMP U–Pb analysis of zircons indicates an age of 258.9 ± 2.7 Ma for the Platypus Tuff Bed, confirming the Late Permian age that has generally been assigned to the Blackwater Group. The age framework now apparent for the coal‐bearing Blackwater Group suggests an average depositional rate ranging from ～133 m/106 years for its eastern depocentre in the northern Bowen Basin to ～70 m/106 years in more marginal settings to the west. 相似文献
17.
《Applied Geochemistry》2002,17(6):683-698
The compositional variability of the phenocryst-poor member of the 12.8 Ma Topopah Spring Tuff at the potential repository level was assessed by duplicate analysis of 20 core samples from the cross drift at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Previous analyses of outcrop and core samples of the Topopah Spring Tuff showed that the phenocryst-poor rhyolite, which includes both lithophysal and nonlithophysal zones, is relatively uniform in composition. Analyses of rock samples from the cross drift, the first from the actual potential repository block, also indicate the chemical homogeneity of this unit excluding localized deposits of vapor-phase minerals and low-temperature calcite and opal in fractures, cavities, and faults. The possible influence of vapor-phase minerals and calcite and opal coatings on rock composition at a scale sufficiently large to incorporate these heterogeneously distributed deposits was evaluated and is considered to be relatively minor. Therefore, the composition of the phenocryst-poor member of the Topopah Spring Tuff is considered to be adequately represented by the analyses of samples from the cross drift. The mean composition as represented by the 10 most abundant oxides in wt.% or g/100 g is: SiO2, 76.29; Al2O3, 12.55; FeO, 0.14; Fe2O3, 0.97; MgO, 0.13; CaO, 0.50; Na2O, 3.52; K2O, 4.83; TiO2, 0.11; and MnO, 0.07. 相似文献
18.
矿物成分和细观结构与岩石材料力学性质的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩石材料的宏观力学性质取决于其矿物成分和细观结构。使用材料试验机,测定了岩浆岩、化学沉积岩以及碎屑沉积岩9种岩样的力学性质参数。采用X射线衍射方法,测定了相应岩样的矿物成分。使用扫描电镜,观测了相应岩样的细观结构。分析了矿物成分和细观结构分别与力学性质参数的定性关系。对各组岩样的研究分析表明:存在于颗粒边界的裂隙会显著降低岩样的抗拉强度,长石矿物是岩样脆性的主要来源,颗粒大小和面理结构会对岩石的内摩擦角造成显著的影响,细晶花岗岩中较高的方解石含量使其抗压强度和弹性模量较小,细晶花岗岩中石英含量较高,其粘聚力较大;石盐晶体的细小与紧密堆积,造成了相应岩样的膨胀或蠕变特性,有机质的存在会对岩盐的力学性能产生显著的弱化;岩样中颗粒间的弱带,会弱化岩石材料的力学性能。深灰色泥岩中石英胶结物的次生加大现象,使得深灰色泥岩的力学性能得到提高。 相似文献
19.
Niklas Leicher Biagio Giaccio Alison Pereira Sebastien Nomade Lorenzo Monaco Giorgio Mannella Paolo Galli Edoardo Peronance Danilo Mauro Palladino Gianluca Sottili Giovanni Zanchetta Bernd Wagner 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2023,52(2):240-271
Thirty-two tephra layers were identified in the time-interval 313–366 ka (Marine Isotope Stages 9–10) of the Quaternary lacustrine succession of the Fucino Basin, central Italy. Twenty-seven of these tephra layers yielded suitable geochemical material to explore their volcanic origins. Investigations also included the acquisition of geochemical data of some relevant, chronologically compatible proximal units from Italian volcanoes. The record contains tephra from some well-known eruptions and eruptive sequences of Roman and Roccamonfina volcanoes, such as the Magliano Romano Plinian Fall, the Orvieto–Bagnoregio Ignimbrite, the Lower White Trachytic Tuff and the Brown Leucitic Tuff. In addition, the record documents eruptions currently undescribed in proximal (i.e. near-vent) sections, suggesting a more complex history of the major eruptions of the Colli Albani, Sabatini, Vulsini and Roccamonfina volcanoes between 313 and 366 ka. Six of the investigated tephra layers were directly dated by single-crystal-fusion 40Ar/39Ar dating, providing the basis for a Bayesian age–depth model and a reassessment of the chronologies for both already known and dated eruptive units and for so far undated eruptions. The results provide a significant contribution for improving knowledge on the peri-Tyrrhenian explosive activity as well as for extending the Mediterranean tephrostratigraphical framework, which was previously based on limited proximal and distal archives for that time interval. 相似文献
20.
南阿尔金地区榴辉岩特征及意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
野外地质调查工作表明,阿尔金地区西起且末河到茫崖长达300km范围内的"阿尔金山岩群"中多处出露榴辉岩透镜体。榴辉岩在产状和岩石学特征上可以分为两种:第1种是中细粒结构,块状构造,退化变质较弱,围岩多与片麻状花岗岩或花岗闪长岩关系密切;第2种是细粒结构,片麻状构造,具有透入性片麻理,有明显退化变质现象,围岩多与大理岩、黑云变粒岩、石英片岩等关系密切。在分布上,榴辉岩限于古元古代"阿尔金山岩群"中,含有榴辉岩的阿尔金构造杂岩带是柴达木盆地北缘碰撞杂岩带的西延部分。 相似文献