共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
利用1961—2021年汛期（4—6月）江西省83个气象站点的逐日降水序列资料,计算了江西省汛期候尺度降水集中度（PCD）和集中期（PCP）,运用合成分析、趋势分析方法分析了江西省汛期降水的不均匀特征。结果表明：江西省PCD的变化区间为0.12—0.43,PCP的变化区间为5月第1候至6月第5候,说明江西省汛期降水较为均匀,但近年来降水有更集中的趋势。在空间分布上,赣南南部和赣北东部降水较为集中,降水集中期自南向北逐渐推迟,主要出现在6月中下旬。从变化趋势来看,PCP在赣南南部和赣中东部为偏早趋势,赣中北部和赣北地区有偏晚的趋势,PCD的趋势并不明显。多雨年PCD大值区主要在赣中地区,最大降水出现在6月;少雨年PCD大值区在赣北中南部和赣南东部地区,最大降水出现在5月。 相似文献
2.
使用2007—2017年京津冀地区156个气象站暖季（5—9月）逐小时降水观测数据,根据地形将研究区域分为6个分区,分析各分区降水量季节内变化和日变化特征,结果表明：1）京津冀的多雨区主要位于沿燕山南麓到太行山,存在多个降雨中心。2）各分区降水量季节内特征总体表现为单峰型,即7月降水量最大,7月第3候至8月第4候是主汛期,8月降水量次之,5月最少。3）降水呈夜间多,白天少的特点,7月初之前的前汛期降水多发生在16—21时;主汛期降水呈双峰型,峰值在17—22时,次峰值出现在00—07时;8月中旬以后的后汛期多夜间降水,峰值多出现在00—08时。4）高原山区多短历时降水,长历时累计降水对季节降水贡献率大值区位于平原地区,而持续性降水贡献率大值位于太行山区和燕山迎风坡的西部。 相似文献
3.
J. A. Marengo 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2004,78(1-3):79-96
Summary An analysis of decadal and long-term patterns of rainfall has been carried out using a combination of raingauge and gridded rainfall datasets, for the entire Amazon basin and for its northern and southern sub-basins. The study covers the period 1929–98. Rainfall variability and variations in circulation and sea surface temperature fields have been analysed in more detail for the period 1950–98. Negative rainfall trends were identified for the entire Amazon basin, while at the regional level there is a negative trend in northern Amazonia and positive trend in southern Amazonia. Decadal time scale variations in rainfall have been discovered, with periods of relatively drier and wetter conditions, with different behaviour in northern and southern Amazonia. Spectral analyses show decadal time scale variations in southern Amazonia, while northern Amazonia exhibits both interannual and decadal scale variations. Shifts in the rainfall regime in both sections of the Amazon basin were identified as occurring in the mid-1940s and 1970s. After 1975–76, northern Amazonia received less rainfall than before 1975. Changes in the circulation and oceanic fields after 1975 suggest an important role of the warming of the tropical central and eastern Pacific on the decreasing rainfall in northern Amazonia, due to more frequent and intense El Niño events during the relatively dry period 1975–98. 相似文献
4.
中国地气温差时空分布及变化趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国825个气象站点1961—2016年的逐日地表温度和气温观测资料,系统分析了中国地区地气温差（地表温度减气温）的时空分布以及变化趋势。结果表明,中国多年平均的年地气温差西部大部地区及华南部分地区在2.5℃以上,而中东部大部地区在2.5℃以下。其中春、夏季全国各地地气温差均为正值,且总体呈经向型分布,西高东低;秋、冬季中国各地地气温差总体呈纬向型分布,南高北低,尤其是冬季北方部分地区为负值。年内,中国区域平均各月地气温差均为正值,其中1月份和12月份相对较小,6—8月份（夏季）相对较大。不同地区地气温差的年内分布特征有所不同,西藏地区地气温差年平均值为全国最大,最大值出现在雨季来临前的5月份;东北、华北、黄淮、西北及内蒙古地区最大值均出现在雨季来临前的6月份;江淮、江汉、江南、华南地区地气温差最大值均出现在雨季过后的7月份或8月份;西南地区年内各月地气温差变化相对较小,在雨季之前的5月和雨季之后的8月出现2次峰值,呈双峰型分布。1961—2016年,中国区域平均地气温差4月和4—10月上升趋势较明显,而7月和10月变化趋势不明显或略有上升趋势。空间分布上,东北、西北及内蒙古、西藏西部等地平均地气温差有增加趋势,而中东部地区有减小趋势。 相似文献
5.
6.
中亚地处干旱气候区,农业生产高度依赖灌溉,然而灌溉对当地气候影响的认识还较为薄弱。为此,针对多雨（2009年）、少雨（2008年）及正常（2007年）年景下中亚典型农业区—费尔干纳盆地暖季（5—9月）的气候,利用嵌入灌溉过程参数化方案并更新土壤参数的WRF模式,分别进行了考虑灌溉过程（称为IRRG试验）与不考虑灌溉过程（称为NATU试验）的模拟试验,并通过对比IRRG与NATU试验之差揭示了灌溉对区域气候的影响。研究发现:（1）灌溉致使暖季地面潜热增加（79.2 W/m2）、感热减少（?61.3 W/m2）,日均气温降低1.7℃,空气比湿升高2 g/kg（约为NATU的36%）,因5—6月为雨季,7—8月为旱季,故7—8月的灌溉量大,冷湿效应略强于5—6月;（2）冷湿效应主要出现在灌溉区域,降温达2℃,增湿达2.4 g/kg,灌区外甚微,同时从地面到高层大气,冷湿效应越来越弱,在约500 hPa（距地面约4000 m）以上冷湿效应消失;（3）在盆地中央平原地区,因灌溉而致空气湿度上升产生的潜在增雨效应与地面冷却产生的对流抑制作用相互抵消,灌溉与无灌溉情景下当地降水无显著差异;灌溉可导致盆地南、北两侧山区降水增加（约0.6 mm/d）;（4）不同年景之间灌溉量差异主要出现在5—6月,少雨年比多雨年灌溉量多20 mm/月,日均气温降幅偏大0.3℃,空气比湿增幅偏大0.5 g/kg,但山区降水增幅偏小0.6 mm/d。 相似文献
7.
利用单相关、典型相关及逐步回归方法, 分析了新疆气候对地表水资源影响的区域差异性, 得到以下几点新认识:(1) 新疆气候对地表水资源时空变化的影响, 以北疆为最大, 东疆最小, 南疆居中。(2) 揭示了北疆、东疆、南疆气候场对其地表水资源场空间分布特征的主要影响形式。(3) 发现在北疆及东疆, 水文年降水是决定其地表水资源场时空分布特征的主导气候因子, 5~9月平均温度是辅助气候因子, 它通过影响蒸发对地表水资源起减少作用, 但在东疆5~9月平均温度对其地表水资源的影响要比北疆大些。南疆5~9月平均温度是决定其地表水资源场时空分布特征的主导气候因子, 高山区前2年的水文年降水为辅助气候因子, 它通过冰川融水的形式对当年的地表水资源起增加作用。 相似文献
8.
青岛市汛期降水阶段划分及其环流背景特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
应用1961年1月到2011年12月的中国722站降水、NCEP/NCAR再分析和青岛市辖7站降水等逐日资料,分析青岛汛期降水阶段及对应的环流气候背景。结果表明:青岛市汛期有5个降水阶段,分别是主汛期开始阶段(6月29日至7月3日),黄淮雨期阶段(7月9—25日),华北雨季阶段(7月27日至8月6日),热带低压阶段(8月11-20日)和主汛期结束阶段(8月29日至9月4日)。其中主雨季(7—8月)呈明显的双峰分布,分别是黄淮雨期阶段和热带低压阶段两个主要降水阶段。副热带高压的季节性移动及其高低空的配置是形成青岛汛期降水阶段的主要成因,各降水阶段对应着相对稳定的天气气候阶段,各降水阶段间的大气环流有明显的突变现象,该研究为细化青岛汛期降水气候预测提供了理论支持。 相似文献
9.
近47a华南前汛期旱涝特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采用华南61站47a（1958-2004年）前汛期（4-6月）逐日降水资料,利用统计方法对华南前汛期的旱涝特征进行了研究。结果表明：47a来华南有12个涝年和12个旱年发生,较严重的旱涝年主要发生在20世纪50年代末至70年代中期以及90年代以后;前汛期旱涝变化以2～4a的年际尺度周期最为显著;4、5月旱涝的年代际变化特征较为一致,而5月与6月在年代际尺度上具有一定的反位相变化特征;地理分布上,可将华南地区前汛期降水分为5个旱涝异常气候区。近47a来桂南、粤西和东南沿海地区呈现旱—涝—旱的变化特征,而桂北区由旱转涝趋于雨涝的趋势明显,东北部山区由涝转旱趋于干旱的趋势明显。 相似文献
10.
江苏南部汛期降水日变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用江苏南部20个气象观测站2008—2012年汛期(5—10月)逐小时降水资料,应用降水频率来分析了江苏南部地区降水日变化基本特征和区域差异。研究表明:降水日变化特征地域性差异较强,西部站、东部站和东北沿海站都存在一定的特征差异。东部站降水量的最大值主要出现在下午和傍晚;西部站降水量主峰值出现在下午,并且在清晨和夜间还有两个次峰值;东北沿海站呈现出午前、午后的双峰值形式。2008—2011年降水量下午高值区有先减弱后增强并提前的趋势,而上午的高值区有总体减弱并推迟的特征。2011年后有明显减弱的趋势。江苏南部总体来说,短时强降水(大于20和25 mm/h)在16—19时出现主峰值,07—09时也有相对较小的次峰值。 相似文献
11.
云南雨季开始期演变特征分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
应用EOF分析方法、小波分析方法及云南16个地州代表站1961～2002年共42年逐日降水量资料,对云南雨季开始期的空间分布、时间演变及多尺度周期变化等特征进行了诊断研究.结果表明:1)云南雨季开始期的空间分布,第一主要特征是全省雨季开始期一致偏早(晚);第二主要特征为云南滇中及以东、以南地区与云南西部雨季开始期反向变化的空间异常分布型态;2)云南雨季开始期存在明显的40年左右长周期、28年左右的年代际周期和8年左右的年际周期.从小波方差看,云南雨季开始期的变化以40年和28年左右的变化周期的振动最强,变化最显著,而年际变化相对较弱;3)云南雨季开始偏早期与偏晚期5月份500 hPa高度距平场有着明显区别;4)印度季风与南海季风对云南雨季开始爆发也起着积极的作用. 相似文献
12.
Summary ?This study deals with the climatological aspect of seasonal rainfall distribution in the East Asian monsoon region, which
includes China, Korea and Japan. Rainfall patterns in these three countries have been investigated, but little attention has
been paid to the linkages between them. This paper has contributed to the understanding of the inter-linkage of various sub-regions.
Three datasets are used. One consists of several hundred gauges from China and South Korea. The second is based on the Climate
Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP). The two sources of precipitation information are found to
be consistent. The third dataset is the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis 850-hPa winds.
The CMAP precipitation shows that the seasonal transition over East Asia from the boreal winter to the boreal summer monsoon
component occurs abruptly in mid-May. From late March to early May, the spring rainy season usually appears over South China
and the East China Sea, but it is not so pronounced in Japan. The summer monsoon rainy season over East Asia commonly begins
from mid-May to late May along longitudes of eastern China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan. A strong quasi-20-day sub-seasonal
oscillation in the precipitation appears to be dominant during this rainy season. The end date of the summer monsoon rainy
season in eastern China and Japan occurs in late July, while the end date in the Korean Peninsula is around early August.
The autumn rainy season in the Korean Peninsula has a major range from mid-August to mid-September. In southern China, the
autumn rainy season prevails from late August to mid-October but a short autumn rainy season from late August to early September
is noted in the lower part of the Yangtze River. In Japan, the autumn rainy season is relatively longer from mid-September
to late October.
The sub-seasonal rainfall oscillation in Korea, eastern China and Japan are explained by, and comparable to, the 850-hPa circulation.
The strong westerly frontal zone can control the location of the Meiyu, the Changma, and the Baiu in East Asia. The reason that the seasonal sea surface temperature change in the northwestern Pacific plays a critical role
in the northward advance of the onset of the summer monsoon rainfall over East Asia is also discussed.
Received October 5, 2001; revised April 23, 2002; accepted May 11, 2002 相似文献
13.
The interannual variability of climate in the Amazon basin is studied using precipitation and river level anomalies observed near the March/April rainy season peak for the period 1980–86, supported by satellite imagery of tropical convection. Evaluation of this data in conjunction with the corresponding circulation and sea-surface temperature (SST) anomaly patterns indicates that abundant rainy seasons in Northern Amazonia are characterized by anomalously cold surface waters in the tropical eastern Pacific, and negative/positive SST anomalies in the tropical North/South Atlantic, accelerated Northeast trades and a southward displaced Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over the Atlantic sector. Years with deficient rainfall show broadly opposite patterns.General circulation model (GCM) experiments using observed SST in three case studies were aimed at testing the teleconnections between SST and Amazon climate implied by the empirical analysis. The GCM-generated surface fields resemble the corresponding observers fields most closely over the tropical Pacific and, with one exception, over the tropical Atlantic as well. The modeled precipitation features, along the Northwest coast of South America, anomalies of opposite sign to the North and South of the equator, in agreement with observations and results from a different GCM. Similarities in simulations run from different initial conditions, but using the same global SST, indicate broad consistency in response to common boundary forcing. 相似文献
14.
青藏高原地表温度对华北汛期降水变化的影响 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
利用1980-2001年青藏高原月平均地表温度、1961～2001年我国160站月降水以及NECP／NCAR再分析月平均高度场资料,分析了华北地区汛期降水与青藏高原地表温度的关系,结果表明华北地区汛期降水与青藏高原5～6月地表温度具有显著的正相关。相关场的正值中心位于高原的东北部和西南部地区。华北地区汛期降水偏少年,青藏高原前期5～6月地温以负距平为主且距平值较小;相反,降水偏多年,青藏高原前期5～6月地温以正距平为主且距平值较大。EOF和SVD分析表明,青藏高原5～6月地温和华北地区汛期降水的第一典型场都表现出大体一致的变化特点。此外,诊断分析得到,青藏高原5～6月地温偏高年,7～8月西太平洋副热带高压的强度偏强,位置偏北;地温偏低年,西太平洋副热带高压的强度偏弱,位置偏南。 相似文献
15.
An Atlantic influence on Amazon rainfall 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Rainfall variability over the Amazon basin has often been linked to variations in Pacific sea surface temperature (SST), and in particular, to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, only a fraction of Amazon rainfall variability can be explained by ENSO. Building upon the recent work of Zeng (Environ Res Lett 3:014002, 2008), here we provide further evidence for an influence on Amazon rainfall from the tropical Atlantic Ocean. The strength of the North Atlantic influence is found to be comparable to the better-known Pacific ENSO connection. The tropical South Atlantic Ocean also shows some influence during the wet-to-dry season transition period. The Atlantic influence is through changes in the north-south divergent circulation and the movement of the ITCZ following warm SST. Therefore, it is strongest in the southern part of the Amazon basin during the Amazon’s dry season (July–October). In contrast, the ENSO related teleconnection is through anomalous east-west Walker circulation with largely concentrated in the eastern (lower) Amazon. This ENSO connection is seasonally locked to boreal winter. A complication due to the influence of ENSO on Atlantic SST causes an apparent North Atlantic SST lag of Amazon rainfall. Removing ENSO from North Atlantic SST via linear regression resolves this causality problem in that the residual Atlantic variability correlates well and is in phase with the Amazon rainfall. A strong Atlantic influence during boreal summer and autumn is particularly significant in terms of the impact on the hydro-ecosystem which is most vulnerable during the dry season, as highlighted by the severe 2005 Amazon drought. Such findings have implications for both seasonal-interannual climate prediction and understanding the longer-term changes of the Amazon rainforest. 相似文献
16.
Brazilian strategic interest in the Madeira River basin, one of the most important of the southern Amazon tributaries, includes the development of hydropower to satisfy the country’s growing energy needs and new waterways to boost regional trade and economic development. Because of evidences that climate change impacts the hydrological regime of rivers, the aim of this study was to assess how global climate change and regional land cover change caused by deforestation could affect the river’s hydrological regime. To achieve this goal, we calibrated a large-scale hydrological model for the period from 1970–1990 and analyzed the ability of the model to simulate the present hydrological regime when climate model simulations were used as input. Climate change projections produced by climate models were used in the hydrological model to generate scenarios with and without regional land-use and land-cover changes induced by forest conversion to pasture for the period from 2011–2099. Although results show variability among models, consensus scenarios indicated a decrease in the low-flow regime. When the simulations included forest conversion to pasture, climate change impacts on low flows were reduced in the upper basin, while, in the lower basin, discharges were affected along the whole year due to the more vigorous land-use conversion in the Brazilian region of the basin. 相似文献
17.
中国雨季的气候学特征 总被引：43，自引：12，他引：31
利用中国740站气候平均逐候降雨量对中国的主雨季进行定义,并对雨季（包括主雨季,春雨和秋雨）的气候学特征进行了讨论。结果表明:全国主雨季最早爆发于华南中部,最晚结束于华西地区。主雨季能持续4到14候不等,雨量占年总降水的30%～60%。主雨季在中国东部为季风雨季,自南向北推进;在西部受西风带影响,北方略早于南方, 且局地性强。中国雨季具有明显的区域性和阶段性特征。中国气候的夏季降水时间序列主要反映了季节循环特征, 但气候季节内振荡（CISO）对东部雨季的持续和推进具有明显的调制作用,其中长江中下游及其以南地区以30～60天周期为主。 相似文献
18.
Tiganadaba Lodoun Moussa Sanon Alessandra Giannini Pierre Sibiry Traoré Léopold Somé Jeanne Millogo Rasolodimby 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,117(3-4):485-494
In the Sahel region, seasonal predictions are crucial to alleviate the impacts of climate variability on populations' livelihoods. Agricultural planning (e.g., decisions about sowing date, fertilizer application date, and choice of crop or cultivar) is based on empirical predictive indices whose accuracy to date has not been scientifically proven. This paper attempts to statistically test whether the pattern of rainfall distribution over the May–July period contributes to predicting the real onset date and the nature (wet or dry) of the rainy season, as farmers believe. To that end, we considered historical records of daily rainfall from 51 stations spanning the period 1920–2008 and the different agro-climatic zones in Burkina Faso. We performed (1) principal component analysis to identify climatic zones, based on the patterns of intra-seasonal rainfall, (2) and linear discriminant analysis to find the best rainfall-based variables to distinguish between real and false onset dates of the rainy season, and between wet and dry seasons in each climatic zone. A total of nine climatic zones were identified in each of which, based on rainfall records from May to July, we derived linear discriminant functions to correctly predict the nature of a potential onset date of the rainy season (real or false) and that of the rainy season (dry or wet) in at least three cases out of five. These functions should contribute to alleviating the negative impacts of climate variability in the different climatic zones of Burkina Faso. 相似文献
19.
An exceptional rainy season occurred in the Yangtze River valley of eastern China in June–July 2020. The relative importance of the dynamic and thermodynamic ef... 相似文献
20.
Seasonal Transition of Summer Rainy Season over Indochina and Adjacent Monsoon Region 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Jun MatsumotoDepartment of Geography University of Tokyo -- Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan 《大气科学进展》1997,(2)
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