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1.
含碎块石土质边坡的稳定性问题 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
含碎块石土质边坡中常发育有地下水排泄管道，他们控制地下水水位上升，对保持边坡稳定十分重要。当坡脚开挖或坡体堆载时，会破坏管道状地下水排泄系统，从而导致地下水水位升高，使潜在滑面上的孔隙水压升高，最终导致滑坡的发生。以小旦滑坡为例探讨这类边坡的变形破坏机制。 相似文献
2.
Rainfall-induced landslides are a significant hazard in many areas of loess-covered terrain in Northwest China. To investigate the response of a loess landslide to rainfall, a series of artificial rainfall experiments were conducted on a natural loess slope, located in the Bailong River Basin, in southern Gansu Province. The slope was instrumented to measure surface runoff, pore water pressure, soil water content, earth pressure, displacement, and rainfall. The hydrological response was also characterized by time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography. The results show that most of the rainfall infiltrated into the loess landslide, and that the pore water pressure and water content responded rapidly to simulated rainfall events. This indicates that rainfall infiltration on the loess landslide was significantly affected by preferential flow through fissures and macropores. Different patterns of pore water pressure and water content variations were determined by the antecedent soil moisture conditions, and by the balance between water recharge and drainage in the corresponding sections. We observed three stages of changing pore water pressure and displacement within the loess landslide during the artificial rainfall events: Increases in pore water pressure initiated movement on the slope, acceleration in movement resulting in a rapid decrease in pore water pressure, and attainment of a steady state. We infer that a negative pore water pressure feedback process may have occurred in response to shear-induced dilation of material as the slope movement accelerated. The process of shear dilatant strengthening may explain the phenomenon of semi-continuous movement of the loess landslide. Shear dilatant strengthening, caused by intermittent or continuous rainfall over long periods, can occur without triggering rapid slope failure. 相似文献
3.
我国南海北陆坡水合物富集区广泛发育古滑坡,若水合物开采不当可能导致古滑坡再次滑动。为了探究水合物开采诱发古滑坡再启滑机制,针对含下卧型水合物藏和伴生型水合物藏的两个典型古滑坡体,在边坡极限平衡分析框架内考虑了水合物开采过程中的瞬态孔压与土体抗剪强度变化,分析了水合物开采过程中不同古滑坡体的稳定性演变与失稳模式。研究表明,水合物分解导致所赋存土体的胶结强度弱化,同时逸出气体可能被阻滞于渗透性较低的古滑坡体下方,从而形成横向扩展的高压区。下卧型储层边坡的潜在滑移面贯穿古滑移面,一般表现为滑动型滑坡;开采初期因孔压积聚而导致边坡稳定性降低,开采中后期因二次水合物生成可能导致边坡稳定性有所回升,在本文计算条件下未触发古滑坡复活。伴生型储层边坡的稳定性受土体强度劣化与孔压积聚的共同影响,水合物开采导致古滑坡重新滑动,表现为滑塌型滑坡。 相似文献
4.
受前期14 d持续累计350.6 mm降雨影响,2018年7月19日盐源玻璃村一巨型玄武岩古滑坡体发生大规模复活,复活体积为1 390×104 m3,损坏房屋186间,造成重大经济损失。基于现场调查、无人机航测、钻探揭露、物理力学试验及数值模拟分析,在查明滑坡体地质结构、失稳特征基础上,对其影响因素及复活机制进行了探讨。研究结果表明,破碎岩土体及地形地貌是滑坡复活的孕灾基础,持续降雨及其引起的地下水位升高是滑坡复活的诱发因素。复活滑坡可分为主滑区和侧滑区两种破坏模式不同的区域。降雨作用下滑坡体内渗流场明显变化,孔隙水压力增大,导致7月13日古滑坡体开始发生变形,稳定性系数逐渐降低。受微地貌约束,主滑区具有多级、多次失稳,渐进破坏的特点。侧滑区斜坡前缘临空条件受坡脚主滑坡控制,在主滑坡运动过程中,侧滑区坡体位移量、最大剪切应变增量逐渐增大,塑性区扩展,破坏过程表现出与主滑坡一定的关联性和滞后性。分析表明,受地下水长期影响,滑带土体强度逐渐削弱,降雨导致坡体渗流作用加剧,抗剪强度降低,从而诱发滑坡复活。 相似文献
5.
甘肃永靖黑方台4·29罗家坡黄土滑坡的特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2015年4月29日上午,甘肃省永靖县盐锅峡镇黑方台滑坡高频发区的党川村罗家坡同一斜坡处连续发生了2次大规模黄土滑坡,总体积约65×10~4m~3,最大滑距630 m,摧毁14户居民房屋和3家工厂.通过现场详细调查、取样试验、1∶500地形测量、滑坡影像、视频等资料分析,对灌溉引发的罗家坡黄土滑坡的特征、滑动过程、形成机理进行了探讨.结果表明:第1次滑坡经过近2 a变形过程,整体突然失稳,高速远程滑动;第2次滑坡变形时间仅3 h,分块逐步滑动,滑动历时长而过程复杂,总体为低速远程滑动.高陡的地形和强度低、水敏感性强的土体是滑坡发生的基础,黄土台塬区长期农业灌溉是引发因素,大量水体入渗形成了20余米厚的饱和软弱基座,使抗剪强度降低,导致斜坡失稳滑动.黄土滑坡高速远程滑动的主要原因是滑坡剪出口位置高,滑动势能大,释放条件好,剪出口下部陡坡段为主要加速段;前方有开阔的滑动空间且有一定坡度、平缓的滑道;滑体底部饱和软弱黏性土在滑道上持续产生超孔隙水压力、液化等低摩阻效应,是远程滑动的润滑剂.同时,两次滑体间还存在冲击加速和能量传递作用. 相似文献
6.
灌溉作用下浅表层黄土滑坡变形破坏机理实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为有效减少泾阳地区大面积灌溉活动诱发黄土滑坡对社会和经济带来的巨大损失,开展灌溉型滑坡室内实验研究,研究坡度在灌溉条件下对黄土滑坡变形破坏过程影响,具有重大的现实意义。本次实验设计了可用于坡顶和坡面的灌溉装置,同时进行了45°斜坡和60°斜坡的两组室内灌溉模型实验,且每组斜坡内埋设体积含水率传感器、基质吸力传感器和孔隙水压力传感器三种传感器记录其内部变化。通过对两组实验过程及结果进行对比分析,进而得出灌溉条件下浅表层黄土滑坡的变形破坏规律,总结出该类滑坡的破坏模式及其诱发机理。实验结果表明,实验前期随着体积含水率不断增大,基质吸力逐渐减小至基本稳定,土体强度随之减小;实验后期上部土体饱和,斜坡产生的变形和土体排水不畅产生了超孔隙水压力,有效应力随之减小,土体强度减小至最小,导致滑坡产生。同时,坡度越大,滑坡越易发生,滑面深度和滑动距离越小。 相似文献
7.
围压循环变化将引起土体孔压累积,加剧土体累积塑性应变,导致地基灾变事故。为研究围压循环变化对饱和粉质黏土变形特性的影响,利用GDS双向振动三轴仪,进行部分排水时饱和粉质黏土的变围压循环三轴试验,研究不同应力路径斜率和循环动应力比时饱和粉质黏土的孔压、轴向累积塑性应变和体应变发展规律,建立部分排水条件时考虑循环围压和循环动应力耦合作用的地基粉质黏土累积应变数学模型。试验结果表明：部分排水时饱和粉质黏土孔压、轴向累积塑性应变和体应变均随循环动应力比和应力路径斜率的增大而增大;动孔压比随着振动次数的增加明显分为急剧增加、快速下降和持续平稳3个阶段;轴向累积塑性应变和体应变均随振动次数的增加而增大。当加载次数超过2 500次时,粉质黏土孔压趋于平稳,变形速率略有降低,但变形持续增加。补充试验结果表明,所建立模型与试验结果具有较高的一致性。研究结果将为交通循环荷载导致的地基灾变控制技术提供理论依据。 相似文献
8.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(3):101378
Frequent soil landslide events are recorded in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China, making it necessary to investigate the failure mode of such riverside landslides. Geotechnical centrifugal test is considered to be the most realistic laboratory model, which can reconstruct the required geo-stress. In this study, the Liangshuijing landslide in the Three Gorgers Reservoir area is selected for a scaled centrifugal model experiment, and a water pump system is employed to retain the rainfall condition. Using the techniques of digital photography and pore water pressure transducers, water level fluctuation is controlled, and multi-physical data are thus obtained, including the pore water pressure, earth pressure, surface displacement and deep displacement. The analysis results indicate that: Three stages were set in the test (waterflooding stage, rainfall stage and drainage stage). Seven transverse cracks with wide of 1–5 mm appeared during the model test, of which 3 cracks at the toe landslide were caused by reservoir water fluctuation, and the cracks at the middle and rear part were caused by rainfall. During rainfall process, the maximum displacement of landslide model reaches 3 cm. And the maximum deformation of the model exceeds 12 cm at the drainage stage. The failure process of the slope model can be divided into four stages: microcracks appearance and propagation stage, thrust-type failure stage, retrogressive failure stage, and holistic failure stage. When the thrust-type zone caused by rainfall was connected or even overlapped with the retrogressive failure zone caused by the drainage, the landslide would start, which displayed a typical composite failure pattern. The failure mode and deformation mechanism under the coupling actions of water level fluctuation and rainfall are revealed in the model test, which could appropriately guide for the analysis and evaluation of riverside landslides. 相似文献
9.
地下水对碎石土类边坡稳定性影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在碎石土类边坡中常常发育地下水管网渗流系统,他们控制地下水水位上升,对保持边坡稳定十分重要。当坡脚开挖或坡体堆载时,会破坏管道状地下水排泄系统,从而导致地下水水位升高,使潜在滑面上的孔隙水压升高,最终导致滑坡的发生。本文综合分析了滑坡与水相互作用机理,并以官家滑坡为例,通过对滑坡稳定性计算中与地下水有关的各因素敏感性分析．发现地下水位变化对孔隙压力比、水头高度和水力坡度的影响极大的影响了碎石土边坡的稳定性;通过官家滑坡极限状态的塑性变形发现,碎石土边坡的变形破坏往往是在部分脆弱部位,通过长期蠕变积累首先展开,并逐渐扩展至整个滑面,由此得到在滑坡稳定性计算中,强度参数按照饱水面积比影响下经衰减的数值进行计算,所得到的稳定性系数更符合工程实际现状,对滑坡剩余推力的计算和治理设计具有积极的指导意义。 相似文献
10.
为深入研究库区古滑坡变形特征及其复活机理,文章以三峡库区藕塘滑坡为研究对象,通过对钻孔、探槽及平硐等现场勘查资料和监测资料的深入分析,并结合数值模拟方法,探讨了藕塘滑坡的时-空变形特点及影响因素,并揭示其复活机制。电子自旋共振试验和现场勘查结果表明藕塘滑坡由三个次级滑体组成。监测数据显示:总体上,地表累计位移-时间曲线呈阶跃状变化,即雨季滑坡变形速率急剧加快,旱季则骤减;在空间上滑坡的变形速率随高程的增加而增加。库水和降雨是导致藕塘滑坡变形破坏的主要因素:滑坡下部区域变形主要受库水影响,而滑坡中、上部区域变形主要受降雨影响。数值模拟结果也进一步揭示了影响滑坡孔隙水压力响应的主控因素随滑坡高程的变化而变化。库水骤降使得坡体前部渗透压增大,同时强降雨使得坡体中部及上部孔隙水压力升高,二者共同作用下导致滑坡复活。此外库水位下降或降雨量增加,均会不同程度降低边坡的稳定性。以上结论对于指导实际工程及深化库区古滑坡的研究具有一定的理论意义,同时加强古滑坡的研究有助于丰富滑坡稳定性评价及预测预报方法,为古滑坡的治理提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
11.
为研究间歇型降雨作用下缓倾堆积层斜坡的变形破坏特征,以樱桃沟滑坡为例,进行了降雨作用下斜坡变形破坏的物理模拟研究。试验结果表明：前期降雨作用下坡体变形特征表现为前缘滑移沉陷、中部滑移、后缘沉陷、坡体裂缝生成,且前缘裂缝扩张明显,后期降雨作用下坡脚区域首先发生滑塌,然后依次向后缘传递发生逐阶滑塌破坏;降雨入渗易在基岩面上储存,形成暂态地下水位、高孔隙水压力区域和坡向渗流场,基岩面附近土体饱水时间长,软化程度高,抗剪强度弱化显著,边坡易沿基覆界面土层发生滑坡;坡体滑动易发生在降雨间歇期,触发特征表现为雨后坡体暂态饱和区水分和坡表积水持续下渗,导致地下水位上升滞后于降雨,造成坡体内浮托力、渗透力和孔隙水压力增大,有效应力降低,诱发滑坡。 相似文献
12.
在3种不同围压下进行了一系列重塑粉质黏土的静三轴和动-静三轴不排水剪切试验,得到了不同动应力水平条件下粉质黏土的孔压、动应变和不排水剪切强度值。通过对土样的不排水强度、孔压和动应变的无量纲化处理,确定了周期荷载作用后粉质黏土的不排水强度比与动载引起的孔压比和动应变比之间的相关关系。试验结果表明：粉质黏土在周期荷载作用后的不排水强度衰减程度取决于动载引起的动应变比值和孔压比值。当周期荷载引起的动应变比值小于0.1时,孔压比增长较快,土样的不排水强度几乎没有衰减;当动应变比大于0.1时,孔压比增长变慢,土样的不排水强度明显衰减;当动应变比值接近1时,孔压比值达到0.9,土样的不排水强度衰减程度约达到55 % 相似文献
13.
The Jinlong village landslide is located in Zitong County, Sichuan and approximately 150 km east of Wenchuan. The landslide has exhibited creep deformation for nearly 30 years. Field investigations indicated that the slope deformation was caused by the combined effects of unfavorable topographic and geological conditions and earthquakes. The sliding surface is along a contact between silty clay and mudstone. The Wenchuan earthquake accelerated the creep, causing bulging of the ground surface. Shear test results of the silty clay near the sliding surface indicated that the residual strength is consistent with the stability state of the landslide. The factors of safety were calculated using the limit equilibrium method (LEM) and the method of fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in two dimensions. The results using the LEM indicate that the stability is clearly affected by seismic shaking, and when the peak ground acceleration is 0.08g, the slope reaches the limit state. The shear failure surface given by numerical simulation develops on the contact between the clay and silty mudstone, which confirmed the assumed sliding surfaces’ location using the LEM. 相似文献
14.
Assessment of a coastal landslide subjected to building loads at Sinop, Black Sea region, Turkey, and stabilization measures 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《Engineering Geology》2004,75(1):69-88
The large landslides along the Black Sea shore in Turkey are well-known instability phenomena and responsible for considerable economic losses each year. The severity of the problem increased particularly in recent years as increased scarcity of land forced utilization of inherently unstable areas. In 1988, severe rainstorms at the city of Sinop on the Black Sea shore triggered ground movements on a gentle coastal slope subjected to building loads and caused extensive damage to buildings founded on the slope. Comprehensive investigations of the failure were carried out and used to establish a geotechnical model for the slide. The model allowed consideration of building loads and different groundwater conditions. In addition, the model studies were complimented by limit-equilibrium and finite-element stress analyses. The results indicated movements on a circular sliding surface through stiff clay. The toe of the landslide is located at the shoreline and remains active. The failure was probably initiated by rising groundwater level combined with surcharge loads imposed by buildings on the slope. Other contributing factors include sand extraction and coastal erosion. Remedial works are recommended involving a rockfill buttress at the toe of the slide and drainage improvements on the surface of the slope. 相似文献
15.
Data collected by monitoring suggest that the movement of mudslides essentially develops through alternating stages of undrained–drained
deformation. Undrained conditions are established as a consequence of landslide mobilisation or reactivation. Every acceleration
phase is followed by progressive deceleration associated with dissipation of excess pore pressure. This paper reports the
results of some simple numerical analyses performed to investigate the role of pore pressure on mudslide behaviour. 相似文献
16.
Both the occurrence and behaviour of the Vaiont landslide have not been satisfactorily explained previously because of difficulties arising from the assumption that the failure surface was ‘chair’ shaped. It is now known that there was no ‘chair’, which means that the 1963 landslide could not have been a reactivated ancient landslide because the residual strength of the clay interbeds would have been insufficient for stability prior to 1963. Furthermore, the moderately translational geometry reduces the influence of reservoir-induced groundwater and hence of submergence. Standard stability analyses now show that prior to 1960, the average shear strength must have significantly exceeded the peak shear strength of the clay interbeds known to have formed the majority of the failure surface. Three-dimensional stability analyses confirm these results and show that at the time of the first significant movements in 1960, the rising reservoir level had a negligible effect on the Factor of Safety. According to these results, the Vaiont landslide was most likely initiated by pore water pressures associated with transient rainfall-induced ‘perched’ groundwater above the clay layers, in combination with a smaller than hitherto assumed effect of reservoir impounding, then developed by brittle crack propagation within the clay beds, thus displaying progressive failure. Further, very heavy rainfall accelerated the process, possibly due to reservoir-induced groundwater impeding drainage of the rainwater, until the limestone beds at the northeast margin failed. With the shear strength suddenly reduced to residual throughout, the entire mass was released and was able to accelerate as observed. 相似文献
17.
This study investigates the causes and failure mechanism of the Aksu landslide that occurred during the construction of the Giresun–Espiye road between KM: 1 + 030–1 + 170 in northern Turkey and recommends proper stabilization techniques. For the purpose of investigating the causes and mechanism of this slope failure, engineering geological mapping, geotechnical investigation and rock mass characterization were performed. From top to bottom, weathered tuffite, tuffite, flysch, and dacitic tuffite were the major units in the study area. The disturbance of the slope by the excavations performed at the toe of the slope (i.e., due to the foundation excavation for the Tünel restaurant building and for the road cut) led to a “translational slide”. The “translational slide” occurred in completely weathered tuffite due to the disturbance of the stability of the slope by the excavations performed at the toe of the slope, particularly for the foundation excavation of the Tünel restaurant building and for the road cut along the Giresun–Espiye road. The rise in the groundwater level was also another important factor that has contributed to the occurrence of the landslide. After establishing the geometry of the landslide in detail, the shear strength parameters of the failure surface were determined by the back analysis method. Sensitivity analyses were performed and landslide failure mechanisms were modeled to quantify the contributing factors that have caused the formation of the Aksu landslide. The influence of an earthquake was investigated through pseudostatic slope stability analysis. Toe buttressing, ground water drainage, and surface water drainage alternatives were considered for stabilizing the slope. 相似文献
18.
平推式岩质滑坡作为一类容易被人们忽视的典型滑坡,有其特殊的成因与变形破坏特征。以广元市剑阁县坟林岩滑坡为背景,研究了缓倾岩质滑坡的特征、成因模式和变形破坏特征。归纳总结出降雨是降低滑坡体稳定性的主要因素,并对滑坡体进行了不同工况下的稳定性评价。分析认为,此类滑坡产生变形的主要因素是后缘裂隙水位抬升,裂隙水压力增加,同时裂隙水渗透在滑面上形成扬压力,滑面抗剪强度降低,最终导致滑坡整体失稳。在此基础上对不同整治措施的技术可行性及经济指标进行比较分析,提出了以排水为主,支挡为辅的治理措施。在滑坡后缘设置截、排水沟,前缘设置抗滑键进行支挡。工程实施两年来未发现任何变形,达到了治理的目的,经济效益明显。 相似文献
19.
陕西泾阳东风高速远程黄土滑坡运动过程的模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陕西泾阳南塬的东风滑坡是一个典型的高速远程黄土滑坡,由于斜坡顶部的黄土台塬长期灌溉所诱发。通过野外调查,采取滑坡后缘斜坡的黄土试样,对斜坡中部的Q2黄土做天然含水率的固结不排水剪试验,对斜坡底部地下水位面附近的Q1黄土做饱和固结不排水剪试验,结果表明非饱和的Q2黄土和饱和的Q1黄土在破坏后都具有显著的应力降,但前者是由结构强度引起,而后者则是由剪切形成的超孔隙水压力引起,由此表明该斜坡一旦破坏,就会有较高的启动速度。对滑坡坡脚以外一级阶地上的砂卵层做环剪慢剪试验,测得其有效残余摩擦角,根据滑坡各部分含水状态给定孔隙水压力参数,利用Sassa. K滑坡运动模型对该滑坡运动过程进行模拟,从模拟结果反映出滑坡运动过程中的覆盖范围和速度的变化,模拟的滑坡运动距离和覆盖范围与实测比较吻合,最高速可达到37m s-1,为高速滑坡。黄土滑坡以高的初速度下滑到坡脚下一级阶地上的饱和砂卵层上,砂卵层上液化是导致其远程运动的主要原因。 相似文献
20.
基于滑带应力状态分析和室内试验,提出了基于滑带强度参数动态演化的滑坡稳定性评价方法,并将应力状态作为评价滑面力学参数的主要指标,以合理地反映滑面强度状态对滑坡稳定性的影响。通过室内试验,获得了滑面强度参数与工程性状、力学参数之间的量化关系,在该基础上,通过数值计算,对滑面的力学参数和滑坡的稳定性进行三维计算。计算结果表明,利用提出的方法能较好地反映出滑带强度参数的空间分区特征。同时,对工况变动情况下滑带的强度参数进行量化取值,并对滑坡的稳定性进行动态计算,提出的计算方法更能体现出滑坡力学参数与稳定性的动态变化过程。 相似文献