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1.
Developments in information and communication technologies offer new opportunities to use and integrate scientific data that have been collected by researchers and scholars from diverse fields of inquiry. Data archives and digital repository systems are being developed to preserve current and legacy scientific data and technical information for use by others. However, capabilities are needed for data producers of various disciplines to easily and efficiently submit their data into archival systems for preservation. Analysis of digital preservation requirements has identified the requirements for services to support the submission and review of scientific data for preservation. Data submission and review processes are segmented into services, which are defined to support efficient preparation of scientific data for ingest into an archive or digital repository system. A model is proposed to inform the design of submission and workflow services for preserving interdisciplinary scientific data. Recommendations are offered for improving the design and evaluation of systems and services to prepare and preserve scientific data for new uses by interdisciplinary communities of users in the future. Improving the infrastructure that enables members of the scientific community to submit their data for archiving contributes to the scientific data stewardship and data curation capabilities needed to preserve scientific data for future generations of users. 相似文献
2.
随着黑河流域时空数据的快速增长,已有的黑河信息系统在共享效率、数据分析及平台架构等方面存在缺陷,已无法满足现实的需要。本研究针对目前平台的缺陷重新设计新版数字黑河信息系统（NDHRIS）的整体框架,从观测、数据及模型三个角度实现新版数字黑河信息系统的新功能。首先从基础设施、服务及应用三个层面介绍系统整体设计,其次详细阐述系统实现的关键技术及功能改进,最后,讨论了该系统仍然存在的问题及未来发展方向。目前该系统已业务化运行,数据量超过5 T,共1 058条元数据,向大约100个研究所和50个项目提供了大约8 TB数据集和5 000个数据服务,有效提升了黑河流域科学数据的共享效率,支撑全球寒区监测计划的实施。 相似文献
3.
The integration of geographically referenced information into the conceptual frameworks and applied uses of the social sciences
and humanities has been an ongoing process over the past few centuries. It has gained momentum in recent decades with advances
in technologies for computation and visualization and with the arrival of new data sources. This article begins with an overview
of this transition, and argues that the spatial integration of information resources and the cross-disciplinary sharing of
analysis and representation methodologies are important forces for the integration of scientific and artistic expression,
and that they draw on core concepts in spatial (and spatio-temporal) thinking. We do not suggest that this is akin to prior
concepts of unified knowledge systems, but we do maintain that the boundaries to knowledge transfer are disintegrating and
that our abilities in problem solving for purposes of artistic expression and scientific development are enhanced through
spatial perspectives. Moreover, approaches to education at all levels must recognize the need to impart proficiency in the
critical and efficient application of these fundamental spatial concepts, if students and researchers are to make use of expanding
access to a broadening range of spatialized information and data processing technologies. 相似文献
4.
Urban experience takes an informational turn: mobile internet usage and the unevenness of geosocial activity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Matthew James Kelley 《GeoJournal》2014,79(1):15-29
Coinciding the widespread deployment of handheld information and communications technologies (ICT) there has been a rapid emergence of mobile Internet applications. Notably, these applications are designed to perform within operating systems that are not only Internet-connected but that are also location-aware and decoupled from any single point in space—design characteristics that enable instantaneous integration of users’ everyday ‘real-world’ experience with an array of Internet-based services. As a consequence, the experience of urban space can be mediated by digital information in ways that have not before been possible. In this article I explore the convergence of ongoing discussions about the digital divide, the nascent class of mobile ICT, and the urban communities that have been most adversely impacted by uneven technological landscapes. Building on this convergence, I argue that it is increasingly important to consider the impacts that pervasive mobile information have on the composition of everyday urban life. 相似文献
5.
S. C. Douglas V. R. Schaefer R. R. Berg 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(5):1231-1247
A new comprehensive, web-based information system summarizes forty-six geoconstruction technologies, or ground improvement methods, applicable to transportation infrastructure from the following areas: geosynthetics, geotextiles, ground improvement, grouting, slope stabilization, soil reinforcement, soil stabilization, and alternative/recycled materials. Selection assistance was developed as part of the overall information system to aid the user in identifying potential geoconstruction technologies for a project-specific set of conditions. A knowledge base to assist a user in evaluating the current status of each technology with regard to the U.S. practice and the potential applications for each technology is described in detail. Selection assistance includes qualitative ratings for each technology, a listing of the technologies sorted by classification or desired improvement, and a dynamic, Interactive Selection tool. After assisting the user in identifying a short list of potential technologies, the user can access the technology specific data in the information system to further evaluate the technologies. Engineers, planners, and owners will be able to utilize the entire information system to assess the feasibility of technologies to address project-specific requirements and constraints. 相似文献
7.
8.
Keith Beven 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2012,344(2):77-88
The environmental modeller faces a dilemma. Science often demands that more and more process representations are incorporated into models (particularly to avoid the possibility of making missing process errors in predicting future response). Testing the causal representations in environmental models (as multiple working hypotheses about the functioning of environmental systems) then depends on specifying boundary conditions and model parameters adequately. This will always be difficult in applications to a real system because of the heterogeneities, non-stationarities, complexities and epistemic uncertainties inherent in environmental prediction. Thus, it can be difficult to define the information content of a data set used in model evaluation and any consequent measures of belief or verisimilitude. A limit of acceptability approach to model evaluation is suggested as a way of testing models, implying that thought is required to define critical experiments that will allow models as hypotheses to be adequately differentiated. 相似文献
9.
Topology has been used to characterise and quantify the properties of complex systems in a diverse range of scientific domains. This study explores the concept and applications of topological analysis in geology. We have developed an automatic system for extracting first order 2D topological information from geological maps, and 3D topological information from models built with the Noddy kinematic modelling system, and equivalent analyses should be possible for other implicit modelling systems. A method is presented for describing the spatial and temporal topology of geological models using a set of adjacency relationships that can be expressed as a topology network, thematic adjacency matrix or hive diagram. We define three types of spatial topology (cellular, structural and lithological) that allow us to analyse different aspects of the geology, and then apply them to investigate the geology of the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia. 相似文献
10.
《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》1999,24(3):179-189
In geosciences the necessity of combining geological and geophysical information as well as applying tools for designing 3D geological and geophysical models is well accepted. Nevertheless, in most cases this demand is only put into practice by file transfer between the applications. The creation of a common 3D model is complicated by the inflexible handling of new and reinterpreted data and by changing applications, heterogeneous operating systems and/or hardware platforms. We present a new approach for a component based GIS which is coupled with an object oriented database management system. The original data, as well as the derived data and the 3D models, are stored in the extensible database. Geological and geophysical 3D modeling tools have direct access to the database via the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (COREA). By this means, we obtained both the integration of the software components and independence from changing software applications and changing platforms, finally resulting in an interoperable 3D GIS. 相似文献
11.
在分析以往煤炭资源管理信息系统优缺点的基础上,利用Visual C＋＋6．0、SQL Server2000、ADO技术以及MapGIS二次开发技术,开发了山西省煤炭资源有效保障能力分析信息系统。该系统具有数据管理、信息查询、地图操作、统计输出、环境承载力评价、煤炭用途评价、煤炭优质环保评价、矿井资源保障度评价、估算井田生产规模等功能,为煤炭资源管理提供适时、动态和高效有序的资源数据,为加强煤炭资源的开发部署及管理,制定能源政策以及中长期规划,合理开发利用煤炭资源,保障煤炭工业可持续发展提供科学的宏观决策依据。 相似文献
12.
基于RS和GIS的南汀河流域石漠化评价 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以南汀河流域ETM、DEM和地质岩性数据为基础数据,应用遥感和地理信息技术提取了石漠化评价因子,构建石漠化评价指标并对石漠化强度进行评价。运用空间叠加分析和统计分析方法对石漠化信息进行分析,得到流域岩溶区石漠化强度分级特征,利用土地利用数据及石漠化信息与土地利用/覆盖类型的相关关系以分析土地利用方式对石漠化的影响。结果表明（1）研究区石漠化强度为:中度石漠化>轻度石漠化>潜在石漠化>强度石漠化>无石漠化>极强度石漠化。（2）强度石漠化区和极强度石漠化区主要分布在以耕地和疏林地为主要覆盖类型的区域。说明了造成石漠化的因素除裸岩率、植被、坡度、岩性等主要影响因子外,人们利用土地的方式对石漠化也具有很大促进作用。 相似文献
13.
Donald B. Percival Donald W. Denbo Marie C. Eblé Edison Gica Harold O. Mofjeld Michael C. Spillane Liujuan Tang Vasily V. Titov 《Natural Hazards》2011,58(1):567-590
The ability to accurately forecast potential hazards posed to coastal communities by tsunamis generated seismically in both
the near and far field requires knowledge of so-called source coefficients, from which the strength of a tsunami can be deduced.
Seismic information alone can be used to set the source coefficients, but the values so derived reflect the dynamics of movement
at or below the seabed and hence might not accurately describe how this motion is manifested in the overlaying water column.
We describe here a method for refining source coefficient estimates based on seismic information by making use of data from
Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART
\circledR^{\circledR}) buoys (tsunameters). The method involves using these data to adjust precomputed models via an inversion algorithm so that
residuals between the adjusted models and the DART
\circledR^{\circledR} data are as small as possible in a least squares sense. The inversion algorithm is statistically based and hence has the
ability to assess uncertainty in the estimated source coefficients. We describe this inversion algorithm in detail and apply
it to the November 2006 Kuril Islands event as a case study. 相似文献
14.
The high data rate and information flow of remote sensing systems call for the implementation of automatic analogue and digital interpretation techniques. Based on ERTS-1 data representing typical European scenes digital and analogue image evaluation was performed. A statistical analysis of the data, as first step of the evaluation process, showed high correlation between both infrared channels. Feature identification was also performed by a digital quicklook method which takes into consideration the different reflection properties of surface. The possibility of data reduction for operational applications is discussed. The results obtained digitally are compared to those obtained by the analogue evaluation method of density slicing. 相似文献
15.
GPS精密测量在火山监测等地壳变动、山体滑坡监测中起到了非常有效的作用,已被广泛使用。但是,以前多在土木测量中使用的器材在实际监测中有很多限制,包括传感器、电源、通信等,如不做成系统很难体现出利用价值。笔者成功地将在恶劣气候条件下也能实施监测的系统实用化,并利用连续监测,通过统计处理达到高精度的实时变位监测。目前,日本有超过380个此类系统在通信、电源、环境条件均非常恶劣的现场运行着。我们应用此系统对四川雅安多营滑坡进行连续位移监测,并通过因特网实现位移监测数据的实时传输。经过近一年的监测证明,此系统监测精度高、运行稳定可靠[1~4]。 相似文献
16.
Paolo Mazzetti Stefano Nativi Valerio Angelini Marco Verlato Paolo Fiorucci 《Earth Science Informatics》2009,2(1-2):53-62
During the full cycle of the emergency management, Civil Protection operative procedures involve many actors belonging to several institutions playing different roles. In this context the sharing of information is a vital requirement to make correct and effective decisions. Therefore a European-wide technological infrastructure providing a distributed and coordinated access to different kinds of resources (data, information, services, expertise, etc.) could enhance existing Civil Protection applications and even enable new ones. In the recent years Grid technologies have reached a mature state providing a platform for secure and coordinated resource sharing between the participants in the so-called Virtual Organizations. Moreover the Earth and Space Sciences Informatics provide the conceptual tools for modelling the geospatial information shared in Civil Protection applications during its entire life cycle. Therefore a European Civil Protection e-infrastructure could be based on a Grid platform enhanced with Earth Sciences specific services. However Civil Protection applications stress the requirements of Earth Sciences research applications, for example in terms of real-time support. Therefore a set of high-level services specifically tailored for such applications must be built on top of the Grid platform. As a result of a requirement analysis, the FP6 project CYCLOPS has proposed an architectural framework for the future European Civil Protection e-Infrastructure. In this architecture a layer of high-level services tailored to Civil Protection applications is built on top of the EGEE Grid middleware. This architectural approach has been tested implementing a prototype of a grid-enabled RISICO, the application for wild fire risk assessment used by the Italian Civil Protection. 相似文献
17.
作为近年来爆炸式发展的方法模型,机器学习为地质找矿提供了新的思维和研究方法。本文探讨矿产预测研究的理论方法体系,总结机器学习在矿产预测领域的特征信息提取和信息综合集成两个方面的应用现状,并讨论机器学习在矿产资源定量预测领域面临的训练样本稀少且不均衡、模型训练中缺乏不确定性评估、缺少反哺研究、方法选择等困难和挑战。进一步以闽西南马坑式铁矿为实例论述基于机器学习方法的矿产预测基本流程:(1)通过成矿系统研究建立成矿模型,确定矿床控矿要素;(2)通过勘查系统研究建立找矿模型,并为评价预测提供相关的勘查数据;(3)通过预测评价系统研究,建立预测模型,并提取预测要素;(4)利用机器学习模型对预测要素进行信息综合集成,获取成矿有利度图;(5)对预测性能和结果进行不确定性评估;(6)找矿靶区/成矿远景区圈定及资源量估算。最后,总结建立以地学大数据和地球系统理论为指导,以“地球系统-成矿系统-勘查系统-预测评价系统”为研究路线的基于地学大数据的矿产资源定量预测理论和方法体系的研究愿景。 相似文献
18.
On the utility of identification schemes for digital earth science data: an assessment and recommendations 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ruth E. Duerr Robert R. Downs Curt Tilmes Bruce Barkstrom W. Christopher Lenhardt Joseph Glassy Luis E. Bermudez Peter Slaughter 《Earth Science Informatics》2011,4(3):139-160
In recent years, a number of data identification technologies have been developed which purport to permanently identify digital
objects. In this paper, nine technologies and systems for assigning persistent identifiers are assessed for their applicability
to Earth science data (ARKs, DOIs, XRIs, Handles, LSIDs, OIDs, PURLs, URIs/URNs/URLs, and UUIDs). The evaluation used four
use cases that focused on the suitability of each scheme to provide Unique Identifiers for Earth science data objects, to
provide Unique Locators for the objects, to serve as Citable Locators, and to uniquely identify the scientific contents of
data objects if the data were reformatted. Of all the identifier schemes assessed, the one that most closely meets all of
the requirements for an Unique Identifier is the UUID scheme. Any of the URL/URI/IRI-based identifier schemes assessed could
be used for Unique Locators. Since there are currently no strong market leaders to help make the choice among them, the decision
must be based on secondary criteria. While most publications now allow the use of URLs in citations, so that all of the URL/URI/IRI
based identification schemes discussed in this paper could potentially be used as a Citable Locator, DOIs are the identification
scheme currently adopted by most commercial publishers. None of the identifier schemes assessed here even minimally address
identification of scientifically identical numerical data sets under reformatting. 相似文献
19.
当前世界进入基于大数据进行数据密集型科学研究的时代,协同操作的数据、信息、系统、空间基础设施对整个地球科学研究和应对巨大社会挑战至关重要.2012年8月在澳大利亚布里斯班召开的第34届国际地质大会,吸引了世界范围内的行业领军科学家交流讨论了地学信息领域取得的进展、成果和发展趋势.从本届地质大会来看,计算机技术、数据库技术、网络技术、虚拟技术等现代化的技术深入应用到了地学众多专业领域,地学信息产品服务成为了信息化时代各国为公众提供公益性服务的主流渠道,地学信息逐步突破孤立的专题、地区、国家的限制,跨专业、跨学科、跨国乃至跨大洲级别的数据共享将逐步达成共识.当前,全球的地学信息科学家都在朝着这同一方向努力,让地学知识能够快速、便捷、高效的为变化的地球服务. 相似文献
20.
Abdurrahman Geymen 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(2):827-837
The development of satellite technology is rapidly increasing the evolution of remote sensing. Satellite images give extensive useful information about the land structure that is easily manageable in the process of generating true, high-speed information which allows the forecasting of future environmental and urban planning. Remote sensing comprises active and passive systems. Passive sensors detect natural radiation that is emitted or reflected by the object or surrounding area being observed. Active systems which produce their own electromagnetic energy and their main properties are their ability of collecting data in nearly all atmospheric conditions, day or night. These systems are frequently used to generate a digital elevation model (DEM) because they cover large areas. DEM supplies essential data for applications that are concerned with the Earth’s surface and DEMs derived from survey data are accurate but very expensive and time consuming to create. However, the use of satellite remote sensing to provide images to generate a DEM is considered to be an efficient method of obtaining data. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is a new geodetic technique for determining earth topography. InSAR measurements are highly dense and they only give information in Line of Sight of Radar. In the study, interferograms were produced from the InSAR images taken by ERS satellites in 1992 and 2007 and we developed the methods to generate a DEM using the InSAR technique and present the results relating to Kayseri Province in Turkey. The accuracy of the DEM derived from the InSAR technique is evaluated in comparison with a reference DEM generated from contours in a topographical map. 相似文献