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1.
卫星高光谱大气CO2探测精度验证研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
卫星高光谱大气CO2遥感探测对全球气候变化研究意义重大,卫星CO2反演产品的地基观测验证是获得产品精度评价、发现算法可适用范围和局限性的重要环节,因此地基高光谱CO2的观测验证研究对提高卫星产品定量精度至关重要。本文综述了当前国际上大气CO2探测卫星的研制进展,短波红外大气CO2的反演方法进展,重点阐述了地基高光谱CO2探测技术进展及其对卫星大气CO2的定量探测精度验证方法和技术研究进展,并对该研究领域未来的发展提出展望。 相似文献
2.
AIRS晴空大气温度廓线反演试验 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
2002年5月发射的Aqua是美国地球观测系统中的第2颗卫星EOS-2(Earth Observing System),它携带的大气红外探测仪AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)是目前国际上最先进的超高光谱分辨率红外大气垂直探测仪.1200的光谱分辨率和全球覆盖能力使其可以观测全球大气状态及其变化.对其超高光谱分辨率资料的处理和应用的研究既有科学意义,又有实用价值.利用AIRS实际观测资料反演大气温度,本文使用的是便于处理大数据量的统计反演方法中的特征向量法,计算回归系数使用的是AIRS观测辐射值和T213数值预报分析场.本文从通道个数、地形及地表发射率影响、增加预报因子、国外同类产品比较等4个方面进行了大气温度反演试验研究.研究结果表明:(1)在利用超高光谱分辨率仪器进行反演时,合理选择通道是非常必要的;(2)AIRS反演的大气温度在对流层顶和中上层具有较高的精度,在对流层低层,尤其是近地面反演精度不够理想;(3)增加地表温度,地表发射率和地形3个预报因子,可以提高近地面的反演精度;(4)文中反演的大气温度精度与国外同类产品精度基本一致. 相似文献
3.
《气象科学进展》2016,(1)
近红外波段CO_2浓度反演误差主要与气溶胶散射作用引起的吸收光程改变量难以精确估计有关。此外,不同的气溶胶模式及下垫面反射率条件下吸收光程改变量也不尽相同。针对不同气溶胶模式条件下,忽略气溶胶散射对CO_2浓度反演精度的影响进行分析。研究发现,对乡村型、对流层型和海洋型气溶胶来说,忽略气溶胶散射效应,在暗地表时(反射率0.1)会导致CO_2浓度反演结果低估;当地表反射率超过0.1后,CO_2浓度反演结果均为高估,且随地表反射率的增加,反演误差增加。对城市型气溶胶模式来说,忽略气溶胶影响均会导致CO_2浓度反演结果低估,随地表反射率增加,反演误差递减。在典型观测几何下,地表反射率(1.6μm)和气溶胶光学厚度(0.55μm)在0.1~0.3范围内时,忽略气溶胶影响,城市型、海洋型、乡村型以及对流层气溶胶分别会引入-0.1%~-0.5%、0.22%~1.92%、0.09%~1.46%及0.02%~0.45%的反演误差。在利用GOSAT观测光谱对XCO_2(干燥空气下CO_2平均混合比)进行反演时发现,相比GOSAT发布结果(389.814ppm,1ppm=10~(-6)),基于地基实测气溶胶特性数据的XCO_2反演结果(390.95ppm)与地基观测结果(390.737ppm)有更好的一致性。 相似文献
4.
基于一维变分算法的地基微波辐射计遥感大气温湿廓线研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为研究地基微波辐射计遥感温、湿度廓线的一维变分算法的反演能力,用北京地区2010—2011年00和12时(世界时)的多通道地基微波辐射计亮温资料进行试验。首先,利用同时次的地面观测资料、红外亮温(由地基微波辐射计自带红外传感器测得)及探空观测数据,给出提取无云样本的方案,得到432个无云样本;再以辐射传输模式计算得到的模拟亮温为参考,对无云条件下的观测亮温进行质量控制;然后利用探空数据进行模拟试验,结果发现,一维变分算法对3 km以下的温度廓线有较大调整。使反演结果更加接近探空,而对湿度廓线在0—10 km都有不同程度的优化;最后利用一维变分算法对地基微波辐射计观测亮温进行大气温湿廓线反演,将结果与探空对比可以看出,温度廓线的均方根误差小于2.9 K,绝对湿度的均方根误差小于0.47 g/m~3;进一步与地基微波辐射计自带神经网络的反演结果比较表明,一维变分的反演结果更接近实际大气。 相似文献
5.
积雪作为主要的淡水资源,准确地监测积雪覆盖与雪深具有十分重要的意义。随着全球卫星导航系统的不断建设和新技术新应用的不断发展,地基GPS遥感积雪参数技术越来越受国内外学者的重视。本文基于阿勒泰市气象局的GPS地表环境监测站观测数据,采用GPS-MR技术开展了积雪深度反演研究。首先给出了GPS-MR技术用于积雪深度反演的基本原理,其次利用阿勒泰GPS监测站2017年1—3月的数据进行了积雪深度反演分析,最后针对不同GPS卫星高度角区间影响进行精度分析。研究结果表明地基GPS可用于阿勒泰气象站积雪深度反演,与实测雪深较差优于3 cm,且较优卫星高度角区间为5°～20°。地基GPS用于积雪深度反演具有全天候、高精度、高时间分辨率、高自动化、低成本等优点,可充分发挥现有地基GNSS气象监测站在积雪探测领域潜在的应用价值,以期地基GNSS监测站成为积雪遥感探测手段的有效补充。 相似文献
6.
采用主分量分解数据压缩技术和基于误差反传学习算法的三层前馈神经网络(BP神经网络),使用AUQA/AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)高光谱分辨率红外观测资料,对不同光谱通道组合,在中纬度复杂地形上反演了垂直空间分辨率为1 km的大气温度廓线,并与相匹配的ECWMF分析场资料进行了比较。结果表明,从AIRS资料能够获得1 K/km垂直分辨率的对流层温度反演精度。但是青藏高原对反演结果有明显的影响,并且这种影响与光谱波段有关。消除这种影响的途径之一是增加非卫星观测的附加预报因子。同时改进了神经网络反演策略,采用逐层反演的方法,缩短了所需要的网络训练时间。 相似文献
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MODIS遥感中国近海气溶胶光学厚度的检验分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
基于中分辨率成像光谱仪(TERRA/MODIS)的一级数据和相应的辅助数据,利用MODIS/ARIS预处理软件包(IMAPP)中的气溶胶软件反演得到中国近海气溶胶的光学厚度,与AERONET太阳光度计的反演结果作对比分析,验证了此反演方法的可行性.研究了2002年10-11月中国近海气溶胶光学厚度和Angstrom指数(表征粒子谱宽度)的变化特征,进一步结合气块后向轨迹分析和地理环境背景场信息讨论了卫星反演气溶胶光学参量的适用范围和误差来源,结果表明:IMAPP反演得到的气溶胶光学厚度,在东海和日本以南等广阔海域与气溶胶地基观测网(AERONET)的观测结果基本一致;在渤海和黄海近海岸一带反演值偏高,其主要原因是该海域存在二类水体的影响. 相似文献
9.
利用全球导航卫星系统反射信号研究测站周边地表环境参数是近年来遥感领域的研究热点之一。利用测量型全球导航卫星信号接收机数据,实时获取其周边的积雪深度,是对现有降雪监测方法的有效补充。该文基于GPS信噪比与信号振幅的变化特征,研究了使用GPS信噪比观测值进行雪深探测的算法,并首次使用国家气象观测站的业务观测数据对地基GPS反演雪深算法进行了验证。对比试验使用近两个月的人工积雪深度测量值与GPS信号反演的积雪深度值进行了逐日比较,二者的吻合度较好,标准偏差为2.04cm,相关系数为0.94。该对比试验表明,利用常规测量型地基GPS接收机观测数据进行雪深探测是可行的。应用地基GPS反演雪深技术,气象部门基于现有的地基GPS水汽监测网可进一步开展积雪环境监测研究。 相似文献
10.
本文利用全球地基二氧化碳柱浓度观测站点(Total Carbon Column Observing Network,TCCON)18个站点CO_2地基观测数据对GOSAT(Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite)2009—2017年的大气CO_2遥感反演产品进行验证分析,结果显示卫星CO_2遥感产品与地基遥感观测结果较为一致,在东亚、北美、欧洲和大洋洲四个区域内卫星遥感产品与地基观测的平均偏差分别为2. 23±2. 69、2. 19±2. 19、2. 01±2. 49、1. 59±1. 79 ppm,相关系数不低于0. 75。卫星在30°S～60°N范围内的产品精度较高,而在高纬地区产品精度稍低。本文进一步利用GOSAT L2 XCO_2遥感反演产品对全球大气CO_2的长时间序列变化进行了分析,结果表明2009—2017年全球大气CO_2浓度呈持续上升趋势,全球年平均增长率为2. 22 ppm·a~(-1),增长较快的国家和地区包括中国、美国、印度和非洲,受与厄尔尼诺有关的自然排放影响,2016年相对上一年的增长量最多,年均CO_2绝对增量在3 ppm以上。 相似文献
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The Multivariate and Minimum Residual(MMR) cloud detection and retrieval algorithm, previously developed and tested on simulated observations and Advanced Infrared Sounder radiance, was explored and validated using various radiances from multiple sensors. For validation, the cloud retrievals were compared to independent cloud products from Cloud Sat, MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), and GOES(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites). We found good spatial agreement within a single instrument, although the cloud fraction on each pixel was estimated independently. The retrieved cloud properties showed good agreement using radiances from multiple satellites, especially for the vertically integrated cloud mask. The accuracy of the MMR scheme in detecting mid-level clouds was found to be higher than for higher and lower clouds. The accuracy in retrieving cloud top pressures and cloud profiles increased with more channels from observations. For observations with fewer channels, the MMR solution was an "overly smoothed" estimation of the true vertical profile, starting from a uniform clear guess. Additionally, the retrieval algorithm showed some meaningful skill in simulating the cloudy radiance as a linear observation operator, discriminating between numerical weather prediction(NWP) error and cloud effects. The retrieval scheme was also found to be robust when different radiative transfer models were used. The potential application of the MMR algorithm in NWP with multiple radiances is also discussed. 相似文献
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A differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS)-like algorithm is developed to retrieve the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of carbon dioxide from ground-based hyper-spectral measurements of the direct solar beam. Different to the spectral fitting method, which minimizes the difference between the observed and simulated spectra, the ratios of multiple channel-pairs——one weak and one strong absorption channel——are used to retrieve X CO2 from measurements of the shortwave infrared (SWIR) band. Based on sensitivity tests, a super channel-pair is carefully selected to reduce the effects of solar lines, water vapor, air temperature, pressure, instrument noise, and frequency shift on retrieval errors. The new algorithm reduces computational cost and the retrievals are less sensitive to temperature and H2O uncertainty than the spectral fitting method. Multi-day Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) measurements under clear-sky conditions at two sites (Tsukuba and Bremen) are used to derive X CO2 for the algorithm evaluation and validation. The DOAS-like results agree very well with those of the TCCON algorithm after correction of an airmass-dependent bias. 相似文献
13.
The Microwave Temperature Sounder-Ⅱ(MWTS-Ⅱ) and Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder(MWHTS) onboard the Fengyun-3 C(FY-3 C) satellite can be used to detect atmospheric temperature profiles. The MWTS-II has 13 temperature sounding channels around the 60 GHz oxygen absorption band and the MWHTS has 8 temperature sounding channels around the 118.75 GHz oxygen absorption line. The data quality of the observed brightness temperatures can be evaluated using atmospheric temperature retrievals from the MWTS-Ⅱ and MWHTS observations. Here, the bias characteristics and corrections of the observed brightness temperatures are described. The information contents of observations are calculated, and the retrieved atmospheric temperature profiles are compared using a neural network(NN) retrieval algorithm and a one-dimensional variational inversion(1 D-var) retrieval algorithm. The retrieval results from the NN algorithm show that the accuracy of the MWTS-Ⅱ retrieval is higher than that of the MWHTS retrieval, which is consistent with the results of the radiometric information analysis. The retrieval results from the 1 D-var algorithm show that the accuracy of MWTS-Ⅱ retrieval is similar to that of the MWHTS retrieval at the levels from 850-1,000 h Pa, is lower than that of the MWHTS retrieval at the levels from 650-850 h Pa and 125-300 h Pa, and is higher than that of MWHTS at the other levels. A comparison of the retrieved atmospheric temperature using these satellite observations provides a reference value for assessing the accuracy of atmospheric temperature detection at the 60 GHz oxygen band and 118.75 GHz oxygen line. In addition, based on the comparison of the retrieval results, an optimized combination method is proposed using a branch and bound algorithm for the NN retrieval algorithm, which combines the observations from both the MWTS-Ⅱand MWHTS instruments to retrieve the atmospheric temperature profiles. The results show that the optimal combination can further improve the accuracy of MWTS-Ⅱ retrieval and enhance the detection accuracy of atmospheric temperatures near the surface. 相似文献
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As a typical physical retrieval algorithm for retrieving atmospheric parameters, one-dimensional variational (1DVAR) algorithm is widely used in various climate and meteorological communities and enjoys an important position in the field of microwave remote sensing. Among algorithm parameters affecting the performance of the 1DVAR algorithm, the accuracy of the microwave radiative transfer model for calculating the simulated brightness temperature is the fundamental constraint on the retrieval accuracies of the 1DVAR algorithm for retrieving atmospheric parameters. In this study, a deep neural network (DNN) is used to describe the nonlinear relationship between atmospheric parameters and satellite-based microwave radiometer observations, and a DNN-based radiative transfer model is developed and applied to the 1DVAR algorithm to carry out retrieval experiments of the atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles. The retrieval results of the temperature and humidity profiles from the Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder (MWHTS) onboard the Feng-Yun-3 (FY-3) satellite show that the DNN-based radiative transfer model can obtain higher accuracy for simulating MWHTS observations than that of the operational radiative transfer model RTTOV, and also enables the 1DVAR algorithm to obtain higher retrieval accuracies of the temperature and humidity profiles. In this study, the DNN-based radiative transfer model applied to the 1DVAR algorithm can fundamentally improve the retrieval accuracies of atmospheric parameters, which may provide important reference for various applied studies in atmospheric sciences. 相似文献
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C波段双多基地多普勒雷达资料处理和三维变分风场反演方法研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了双多基地多普勒雷达资料的配对方法、风场反演的区域和精度,并研制了基于三维变分方法的双多基地多普勒雷达系统的风场反演系统.利用安徽四创电子股份有限公司研制的一个主动雷达和两个侧向接收天线组成的双多基地多普勒雷达系统获取的外场试验资料,进行了风场反演试验.该风场反演方法利用主动雷达和被动接收系统测量的径向速度作为弱约束,用质量连续方程作为强约束,来反演三维速度场.利用Advanced Regional Prediction System(ARPS)模式模拟的一次龙卷过程的结果,进行了风场反演的模拟试验.结果表明:双多基地多普勒雷达系统能较准确再现龙卷的中尺度特征和强上升气流的结构,从上下两个方向进行垂直积分可以减小垂直速度的反演误差,利用两个侧向接收系统的资料能进一步减小径向速度随机误差对风场反演的影响,增大风场反演的范围.三个分系统单独获取的资料空间配对效果很好,利用不同雷达径向速度反演的风场比较近似,反演的风场与径向速度定性分析和速度方位显示方法(VAD)结果比较一致,该双多基地多普勒雷达系统同步观测技术设计合理,在实时探测三维风场特别是探测近地层风场方面有广泛的应用潜力. 相似文献
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近红外波段 (1.6 μm) 遥感可探测大气CO2含量信息,应用于碳循环研究中。宽波段、高分辨率不但对仪器研制是一个挑战,而且巨大的数据量对观测的正演、反演也是一个挑战性课题。该文应用自由度及信息量分析法,对近红外高光谱波段中探测通道进行CO2信息量分析,选择前20~100个高信息量的CO2探测通道,并进行了反演模拟测试。结果表明:前20个高信息量通道占所有通道总信息量的76.4%,仅用所选的前20个通道进行反演,与所有通道参加反演的结果相比,误差增加0.3×10-6;通道数增至60时,信息量增加,通道数再增加,信息量则增加不显著;CO2反演误差存在相似的关系。在高CO2信息量分布上,弱吸收性质的1.6 μm波段和强吸收性质的2.06 μm波段表现出不同特点。 相似文献
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大气二氧化碳（CO2）探测仪（ACGS, Atmospheric Carbon dioxide Grating Spectrometer）搭载于中国全球二氧化碳观测科学试验卫星（TanSat）,通过探测0.76 μm、1.61 μm、2.06 μm波段的反射太阳光谱,采用最优估计算法反演大气CO2浓度。满足高光谱分辨率和高精度CO2浓度反演需求,精确探测光谱波长的变化非常重要。本文以高分辨率太阳参考光谱的夫朗禾费吸收线作为参考基准,利用ACGS对太阳的观测光谱计算了ACGS三个谱段通道中心波长位置在一年内的变化情况。结果显示,三个谱段的波长变化在光谱分辨率10%以内,满足光谱定标精度需求。这种变化可能是由于仪器在轨状态变化引起,特别是在轨运行温度变化引起的。ACGS波长的微小变化需要在产品反演中进行修正。基于独立太阳夫琅禾费吸收线的在轨光谱定标方法不仅可以有效监测ACGS的光谱稳定性,还可以为L2产品的处理的提供参考信息。 相似文献
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The physical retrieval algorithm of atmospheric temperature and moisture distribution from the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder （AIRS） radiances is presented. The retrieval algorithm is applied to AIRS clear-sky radiance measurements. The algorithm employs a statistical retrieval followed by a subsequent nonlinear physical retrieval. The regression coefficients for the statistical retrieval are derived from a dataset of global radiosonde observations （RAOBs） comprising atmospheric temperature, moisture, and ozone profiles. Evaluation of the retrieved profiles is performed by a comparison with RAOBs from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement （ARM） Program Cloud And Radiation Testbed （CART） in Oklahoma, U. S. A.. Comparisons show that the physically-based AIRS retrievals agree with the RAOBs from the ARM CART site with a Root Mean Square Error （RMSE） of 1K on average for temperature profiles above 850 hPa, and approximately 10% on average for relative humidity profiles. With its improved spectral resolution, AIRS depicts more detailed structure than the current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite （GOES） sounder when comparing AIRS sounding retrievals with the operational GOES sounding products. 相似文献
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Summary A microwave radiometer with channels near the 18 GHz water vapor line and in nearby windows, the Special Sensor Microwave/Temperature-2 (SSM/T-2) was launched on a Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellite in November of 1991. The instrument is intended to provide data for the retrieval of atmospheric water vapor profiles. Because the relationship between the radiances observed by the instrument and the water vapor profile are both non-linear and non-local and because of the influence of clouds, the interpretation of the radiances is inherently complex. Here we develop a simplified, albeit approximate, algorithm for the profile retrievals and test it with simulation studies. Specifically it is shown that for each channel of the instrument near the 183 GHz line there is a nearly constant overburden of water vapor above the height at which the atmospheric temperature equals the observed brightness temperature. This relationship, in turn, provides the basis for a simple analytic algorithm for the relative humidity immediately above that height.The simplified algorithm is useful as a first guess for iterative solutions to the non-linear equations and for a variety of analyses such as estimating the impact of uncertainty in the radiances or the temperature profile on the retrieved water vapor profile. It is also useful as a conceptual tool to aid in the understanding of the more complex algorithms.With 7 Figures 相似文献