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本文研究了在1993年3月28日之前发现的899颗超新星（SNe）的样本．其中277颗SNe被用来研究超新星在其母星系中的径向分布．我们研究了四个星系样本中超新星在产生单个超新星（称为一般超新星）的星系及在产生多个超新星（称为多重超新星）的星系中的径向分布．这四个星系样本为：总旋涡星系样本，Sb～SbC星系样本，SC星系样本，Sc～Sd星系样本．研究的结果表明：一多重超新星比一般超新星在其母星系中具有更集中于星系核心（大多数恒星形成发生的地方）的倾向，说明星系中心的恒星形成活动会影响多重超新星事件的发生从而影响超新星的频率分布 相似文献
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１９９６年４月１０日，使用北京天台兴隆观测站６０ｃｍ望远镜及其主焦上的ＴＩ２１５ＣＣＤ照相机，在ＮＧＣ４０２７天区发现了一颗超新星，这是今年开始的超新星巡天计划的第一个结果，这颗超新星已被ＭｃＤｏｎａｌｄ天台的王力帆证实，并被分类为ＩＩ型超新星，国际天学会中央电报局已将它列为ＳＮ１９９６Ｗ＾（２）。 相似文献
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本文研究了在１９９３年３月２８日之前发现的８９９颗超新星（ＳＮｅ）的样本。其中２７７颗ＳＮｅ被用来研究超新星在其母星系中的径向分布。我们研究了四个星系样本中超新星在产生单个超新星（称为一般超新星）的星系及在产生多个超新星（称为多重超新星）的星系中的径向分布。这四个星系样本为：总旋涡星系样本，Ｓｂ￣Ｓｂｃ星系样本，Ｓｃ星系样本，Ｓｃ￣Ｓｄ星系样本。研究的结果表明：多重超新星比一般超新星在其母星系中具 相似文献
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从所有已被提出和发现的230多颗超新星遗迹和1300多颗脉冲星中，总结出一个共50对脉冲星与超新星遗迹成协候选体的样本．其中至少20对因为环绕脉冲星的脉冲星风云已被探测到，其成协性应该是真实的。结合近来的观测结果，对导致这种成协对缺失现象的各种因素进行了讨论，尤其深入地讨论了这个样本中有代表性的3个很可能成协的脉冲星与超新星遗迹对。 相似文献
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对超新星研究来说１９９８年是很值得书写的一年。一些重大的发现和研究进展都在这一年内发生。如世人关注的伽玛射线暴与特超超新星（Ｈｙｐｅｒｎｏｖａ）可能攀上缘分;已发现近百颗高红移超新星;不到一年时间发现了１５０多颗超新星且大都分出类型;超新星和超新星遗... 相似文献
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一般认为超新星遗迹是银河系内高能宇宙线粒子的主要源,粒子(轻子和强子)在超新星遗迹中通过扩散激波加速机制被加速到极相对论性能量.近年来,越来越多的观测特别是X射线和γ射线波段的观测支持了这一观点.阐述了超新星遗迹多波段非热辐射的含时模型的研究情况,并将模型应用于4颗超新星遗迹G347.3-0.5,G266.2-1.2,G8.7-0.1和G23.3-0.3,结果显示模型可以很好地解释这4颗SNRs的多波段观测. 相似文献
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介绍了PTF10gvf和PTF10gvd两颗IIn型超新星的测光和光谱的观测情况,并对这两颗超新星做了精确测光和光谱拟合。通过对光谱的分析,得到这两颗超新星的抛射物的外层激波速度为~103km/s,其前身星的星风速度为~102km/s,并根据ChugaiDanziger(1994)提出的方法计算了它们的前身星质量损失率。PTF10gvf的质量损失率为~10-2M⊙/yr,PTF10gvd的质量损失率为~10-4M⊙/yr。由于这些物理参数与亮蓝变星星风速度和质量损失率的典型值相符合,推测这两颗IIn型超新星的前身星有可能是亮蓝变星。这个结论为IIn超新星与亮蓝变星之间的联系提供了支持,与之前Gal-Yam A V等人得到的结果一致。 相似文献
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《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(10)
正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews on all branches of astronomy and astrophysics.Reviews are by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length to 6 printed pages).Authors who submit a paper are expected to be able to certify that the paper is original work, 相似文献
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Laura Schaefer 《Icarus》2005,173(2):454-468
We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10−6 to 10+1 bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I2 (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F. 相似文献
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Yehouda Enzel Rivka Amit Uri Dayan Onn Crouvi Ron Kahana Baruch Ziv David Sharon 《Global and Planetary Change》2008,60(3-4):165-192
Modern-day synoptic-scale eastern Mediterranean climatology provides a useful context to synthesize the diverse late Pleistocene (60–12 ka) paleohydrologic and paleoenvironmental indicators of past climatic conditions in the Levant and the deserts to its south and east. We first critically evaluate, extract, and summarize paleoenvironmental and paleohydrologic records. Then, we propose a framework of eastern Mediterranean atmospheric circulation features interacting with the morphology and location of the southeast Mediterranean coast. Together they strongly control the spatial distribution of rainfall and wind pattern. This cyclone–physiography interaction enforces the observed rainfall patterns by hampering rainfall generation south and southeast of the latitude of the north Sinai coast, currently at 31°15′.The proposed framework explains the much-increased rains in Lebanon and northern Israel and Jordan as deduced from pollen, rise and maintenance of Lake Lisan, and speleothem formation in areas currently arid and semiarid. The proposed framework also accounts for the southward and eastward transition into semiarid, arid, and hyperarid deserts as expressed in thick loess accumulation at the deserts' margins, dune migration from west to east in the Sinai and the western Negev, and the formation of hyperarid (< 80 mm yr− 1) gypsic–salic soils in the southern Negev and Sinai. Our climatic synthesis explains the hyperarid condition in the southern Negev, located only 200–250 km south of the much-increased rains in the north, probably reflecting a steeper rainfall gradient than the present-day gradient from the wetter Levant into its bordering southern and eastern deserts.At present, the rainiest winter seasons in Lebanon and northern and central Israel are associated with more frequent (+ 20%), deeper Cyprus Lows traversing the eastern Mediterranean at approximately the latitude of southern Turkey. Even these wettest years in northern Israel do not yield above average annual rainfall amounts in the hyperarid southern Negev. This region is mainly influenced by the Active Red Sea Troughs that produce only localized rains. The eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows also produce more dust storms and transport higher amounts of suspended dust to the loess area than any other atmospheric pattern. Concurrent rainfall and dust are essential to the late Pleistocene formation of the elongated thick loess zone along the desert northern margin. Even with existing dust storms, the lack of rain and very sparse vegetation account for the absence of late Pleistocene loess sequences from the southern Negev and the formation of hyperarid soils.When the north Sinai coast shifted 30–70 km northwest due to last glacial global sea level lowering, the newly exposed coastal areas supplied the sand and dust to these active eastern Mediterranean cyclones. This enforced the latitude of the northern boundary of the loess zone to be directly due east of the LGM shoreline. This shift of coast to the northwest inhibited rainfall in the southern Levant deserts and maintained their hyperaridity. Concurrently, frequent deep eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows were funneled along the northern Mediterranean increasing (probably doubling) the rains in central and northern Israel, Lebanon, southwestern Syria and northern Jordan. These storms and rains formed lakes, forests, and speleothems only a short distance north of the deserts in the southern Levant. 相似文献
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Philippe Stee 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,286(1-2):225-236
Interferometry in the visible provides milliarcsecond spatial resolution and thus has been used for studying the circumstellar
environment of active hot stars. In this paper I will illustrate how the visibility modulus and phase can be used to better
constrain the physics of Be disks through results from the VLA, the MkII and the GI2T interferometers. I will insist on the
importance and the potential of coupling high angular resolution with high spectral resolution to the study of Be shells.
Finally I will present a possible study of the circumstellar disk of Be stars using the VLTI.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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The central compact object for some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) may be a strongly magnetized millisecond pulsar. It can inject energy to the outer shock of the GRB by through the magnetic dipole radiation, and therefore causes the shallow decay of the early afterglow. Recently, from a large number of GRB X-ray afterglows observed by Swift/XRT(X-ray telescope), it is revealed that many of them exhibit the shallow decay about 102∼104 s after the burst prompt emission. We have fitted the X-ray afterglow light curves of 11 GRBs by using the energy injection model of a magnetar with the rotation period in the millisecond order of magnitude. The obtained result shows the validity and universality of the magnetar energy injection model in explaining the shallow decay of afterglows, and simultaneously provides some constraints on the magnetic field strength and rotation period of the central magnetar. 相似文献
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Using the method of apparent motion parameters, we have studied the relative motion of the components in 561 pairs of wide (ρ > 2″) and relatively nearby (Hipparcos parallaxes > 0.01″) visual double stars based on data from the WDS catalog. The minimum masses of the double stars have been calculated at given parallaxes. We have identified 358 optical pairs. For 11 stellar pairs, we have found the minimum mass to exceed the estimate corresponding to their spectral types and luminosities. This excess is 5–7 M ⊙ for two stars, ADS 7446 and 9701. 相似文献
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V. Cardoso M.C. Espírito Santo M. Paulos M. Pimenta B. Tom 《Astroparticle Physics》2005,22(5-6):399-407
According to recent conjectures on the existence of large extra dimensions in our universe, black holes could be produced during the interaction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays with the atmosphere. However, and so far, the proposed signatures are based on statistical effects, not allowing identification on an event by event basis, and may lead to large uncertainties. In this note, events with a double bang topology, where the production and instantaneous decay of a microscopic black hole (first bang) is followed, at a measurable distance, by the decay of an energetic tau lepton (second bang) are proposed as an almost background free signature. The characteristics of these events and the capability of large cosmic ray experiments to detect them are discussed. 相似文献
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《中国天文和天体物理学报》2014,(9)
正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews 011 all liranchcs of astronoiriy and astrophysics.Reviews arc by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length 相似文献