共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
山字型构造为一种复杂的扭动构造体系,自从李四光教授提出以来,已有许多弹性解及数值解。本文以流变学理论研究了山字型构造的非稳定构造应力场,比较实际地反映出山字型构造体系在长期演化过程中发生、发展及形成规律。 本文在解决混合边界条件的弹性解答前提下,采用对应原理,通过拉普拉斯变换得出山字型构造的粘弹性解答。最后给出了山字型构造初期、中期、晚期的构造主应力迹线及等值线图(12幅),据此对三个时期的山字型构造各部位的构造形迹进行分析,并得出几点结论。 相似文献
2.
王文科 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1995,(4)
给出了一种求解地下水非稳定流方程的局部坐标有限分析法，证明了格式的稳定性。用该格式计算了两个典型问题，表明该方法有较高的计算精度，并能运用几何形状较复杂的渗流问题的计算。 相似文献
3.
Flow regimes in debris flow 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
PAUL ENOS 《Sedimentology》1977,24(1):133-142
The Bingham model has been suggested for the rheological behaviour of debris flow. Velocity plotted against yield strength uniquely defines turbulent and laminar flow in published experimental data on flow of Bingham materials. These regimes are not defined by a unique value of the Bingham number even though it includes both of the critical parameters, yield strength and velocity. Laminar flow in at least the final stages natural debris flows is suggested by sediments with parallel-to-flow or inclined clast fabric, preservation of delicate clasts, blocks projecting from the top of the deposit(?), and an absence of flutes. 相似文献
4.
矿井涌水量计算的非稳定流解析法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前矿井涌水量预测普遍存在着评价方法简单、机械套用计算公式、或利用应用软件玩模拟游戏等现象,反而对非常适用的非稳定流解析法重视不够。根据非稳定流解析法公式的基本原理,对其在矿井涌水量预测方面的适用性进行了讨论,并以山西省霍州煤电集团公司某煤矿采区水文地质补充勘查报告矿井涌水量预测为例进行了计算,计算结果表明:非稳定流解析法的雅柯布(近似)公式对于煤层底板突水的矿井涌水量预测,较稳定流解析法和传统的类比外推法在理论上更适用,操作上更灵活;与数值法相比,其又具有较好的直观性。在实践中,该方法计算过程清晰,计算结果可靠,具有推广应用价值。 相似文献
5.
Mingze Liu Guang Zhang Guogang Gou Bing Bai Shaobin Hu Xiaochun Li 《Natural Hazards》2018,90(3):1137-1151
Reasonable determination of formation fracturing pressure concerns the stable operation of underground fluid injection projects. In this work, we studied the effect of unsteady flow on fracturing pressure. Hydraulic fracturing tests on low permeable sandstone were conducted with the injection rate between 0.1 and 2.0 ml/min. Then, the fracturing pressure prediction models for hollow cylinder under both unsteady flow and steady flow conditions were deduced. Finally, the effect of unsteady flow on the fracturing pressure was studied based on the experimental result and several influence factors. It was shown that fracturing pressure increased with the elevated pressurization rate in the tests, while the slope of the variation curve decreases. The model considering unsteady flow can reflect the variation tendency of fracturing pressures in experiments, while fracturing pressures from the model considering steady flow are invariant with different pressurization rates. Fracturing pressure decreases with the elevated rock permeability and increases with the elevated fluid viscosity, and these two effects are actually generated by the unsteady flow. Whether to consider the unsteady flow has no significant influence on the effect of rock tensile strength on fracturing pressure when the tensile strength is very low. However, when the tensile strength is high, the effect of unsteady flow cannot be neglected. 相似文献
6.
Juggnu Bhatt 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(23):800
To study and determine the dependency of rheological properties and flow behaviour of organobentonites on mechanochemical modification viz. grinding and preparation temperature of organobentonite, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium-bentonites (SDMBA-bentonites) were prepared by interacting stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride with Indian bentonite at different reaction temperature of 40, 60, 80, 90 and 100 °C and the products were ground and passed through sieve (micronization) of 100 mesh BSS (< 150 µm) and also the product obtained at 40 °C was further processed for micronization using 150 (< 105 µm), 240 (< 63 µm) and 350 (< 45 µm) mesh BSS sieves. As there was increase in the micronization and the reaction temperature, the bulk density and particle size decreased with simultaneous increase in the surface area of SDMBA-bentonites. The enhancement of the viscosity, rheological parameters and gel index of the toluene dispersions of these SDMBA-bentonites was also observed. The decrease in particle size and bulk density with simultaneous increase in specific surface area and swelling in nitrobenzene SDMBA-bentonites leads to the formation of larger hydrogen bond network to generate improved rheological properties by increased magnitude of chemical interaction between SDMBA cations and toluene. The rheological behaviour study revealed that all the toluene–SDMBA-bentonite dispersions exhibit the shear-thinning flow behaviour and the micronization and reaction temperature influence the degree of shear-thinning, stability of the gel structures and yield stress of the dispersions. The incorporation of a mixture of 5 vol% of H2O in methanol as polar activator studied in the range of 33–100 wt% of SDMBA-bentonite reinforced the rheological properties, viscosity and gel volume, degree of shear-thinning, stability of the gel structures and yield stress of the toluene–SDMBA-bentonite dispersions. The SDMBA-bentonites with polar activator having concentration of 65 wt% exhibited the optimum rheological reinforcement. The rheological properties were found to be more enhanced by the ultrasonication relative to conventional stirring/shearing. Power law and Casson equations have been used to describe the rheological properties of the toluene–SDMBA-bentonite dispersions. 相似文献
7.
岩石圈流变学研究,近年来国外已取得较大进展。国内学者在岩石圈热结构、强度剖面和盆地流变学演化、构造流变计等方面取得了丰富的成果。岩石圈流变性取决于岩石圈的地热状态、物质组成和结构,并量化为岩石圈总强度。不同构造区的地热状态可由地表热流值获得,岩石圈的物质组成和热力学结构可由地球物理资料获得,在此基础上可得出岩石圈流变性在区域上的变化。岩石圈流变性的空间变化产生了构造上的软弱带,成为极易变形区域。岩石圈流变性及岩石圈总强度反映的岩石圈热力学性质在盆地的形成过程中也起了重要作用,它决定了岩石圈的变形位置、盆地的几何形状及格局。构造流变计用来研究不同尺度地质体的流变结构和地质体的流变学演化,具有很好的发展前景。 相似文献
8.
基于Hansob渗流理论和Merchant流变模型,将微分型流变方程耦合到一维固结理论中,建立了循环荷载作用下双变量表述的软黏土一维流变固结耦合方程组。采用FlexPDE软件对方程组进行了求解,通过与已有文献结果对比,验证了算法的可靠性,在该基础上研究了循环荷载作用下饱和软黏土的一维流变固结特性,分析了Hansob渗流参数、Merchant流变模型参数以及循环荷载类型对饱和软黏土固结特性的影响。研究结果表明,按超孔压定义的平均固结度 和按变形定义的平均固结度 均呈现循环变化特征,且 > ;当循环周次较大时, 进行稳定循环状态,由于流变效应, 峰值仍呈逐渐增大趋势;随着Hansob渗流参数 和 的逐渐增大,地基固结速率逐渐降低,同一循环周次内 、 的峰值也随之降低;随着流变参数F的逐渐增大,同一循环周次内 的峰值逐渐降低, 的峰值显著提高;随着 的逐渐增大,同一循环周次内 、 的峰值逐渐降低。循环荷载作用下地基的平均固结度始终处于循环状态,无法达到固结完成状态,其最大平均固结度也远小于线性荷载的情况。 相似文献
9.
冻土蠕变指标试验研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过不同温度、不同加载应力作用下冻结兰州黄土、黏土、砂质黏土的蠕变试验,分析了蠕变曲线、初始应变、流变起始应变与流变起始时间、破坏应变与破坏时间及相对蠕变指标.结果表明：3种土质冻土的蠕变曲线变化规律大致相同,加载过程中,应变非线性增加,且加载应力越大、温度越高,初始应变越大;流变起始时间与破坏时间都与加载应力、温度有密切关系,加载应力越大、温度越高,越先出现流变和破坏. 对于相同的土质,加载应力和温度对流变起始应变、破坏应变的影响不大;对于不同土质的初始应变、流变起始应变和破坏应变,都是黏土最大、砂质黏土次之、兰州黄土最小. 3种土质冻土的初始加载段和非稳定蠕变段所占的时间较短,但产生的应变却较大;同时,温度越高,相对流变时间越短、相对破坏时间越长,说明非稳定蠕变阶段所占的时间随温度的升高而变短、稳定蠕变阶段所占的时间随温度的升高而变长. 相似文献
10.
The mechanical strength of rock in terms of shear or compressive failure has been previously adopted as a criterion for sand production and when used solely has been proven to overestimate the process. On the other hand, ignoring the mechanical strength behaviour of the material increases the tendency for inaccurate estimations of the erosion process. In this work, an equally proportionated inclusion of the mechanical strength and erosion-based criteria in sanding predictions is proposed and assessed by numerical models. Several rock failure models and their influences on the sanding process have been analysed, including models such as the Drucker–Prager (DP), the Drucker–Prager hardening (DP hardening), the Mohr–Coulomb (MC) and the Mohr–Coulomb softening (MC softening). Modelling outcomes show distinct differences in rock response to operating and boundary conditions (e.g. flow rate and drawdown), and predictions of sand production. It was confirmed by modelling results that despite the low magnitude of stresses and strains developed at the well face and perforation regions, post-yield hardening behaviour increases the estimation of the amount and intensity of sand production. Also, incorporating a post-yield softening behaviour increases the magnitude of stresses and strains; however, this effect is observed to have a negligible impact on sand production. The role of void ratio has been recognised as a dominant factor, as its evolution significantly determines the pattern and intensity of sand production. A more cautious selection and rigorous coupling of rock strength models in sand production modelling is therefore essential if accuracy of predictions is to be improved. 相似文献
11.
Nowadays, the problem of rutting of flexible pavements linked to permanent deformations occurring in the unbound layers is taken into account only by mechanistic empirical formulas. Finite element modelling of realistic boundary value problems with incremental rheological models will lead to unrealistic calculation time for large cycle numbers. The objective of the authors is to present a simplified model which can be used to model the flexible pavements rutting with the finite elements framework. This method is based on the shakedown theory developed by Zarka which is usually associated to materials like steels. It has been adapted for granular materials by introducing a yield surface taking into account the mean stress influence on the mechanical behaviour and a dependency of the hardening modulus with the stress state. The Drucker–Prager yield surface has been used with a non‐associated flow rule. Comparisons with repeated load triaxial tests carried out on a subgrade soil have been done. These comparisons underline the capabilities of the model to take into account the cyclic behaviour of unbound materials for roads. Finally, a discussion, dealing with the use of the simplified method within a finite element modelling of a full‐scale experiment, is presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
泥石流作为非牛顿体,屈服应力大,运动过程通常不稳定。前人建立了许多模型来研究沟床揭底和堰塞体溃决对泥石流不稳定动力过程的影响,沟岸侧蚀对泥石流不稳定动力过程的影响研究较少。通过侧蚀为主的模型和完全底蚀的模型两种水槽实验的对比,针对泥石流的动力过程展开研究。实验发现两种工况条件下泥石流正应力和孔隙水压力随着龙头高度沿程波动性的增长而相应地波动性增大,但侧蚀作用使得这种波动特征更加明显。通过力学分析,证明侧蚀作用导致泥石流龙头的阻力更大,但是龙身颗粒和龙头颗粒的速度差更大,使得龙头附加坡降更大,因此,侧蚀作用使得泥石流龙头的平均速度更快。泥石流龙头浓度和容重的不断增大,使得阻力不断增大,阻力和动力的动态平衡关系是泥石流不稳定运动的原因之一。 相似文献
13.
针对长江中游洞庭湖防洪系统规模庞大、水流复杂、资料短缺和预报时限紧迫的实际条件,提出了具有层次和模块结构特点、一维与二维水流模拟、水力学与水文学方法、理论模型与补充信息相结合的建模途径.所建模型的湖泊部分采用无结构网格二维非恒定流高性能有限体积格式,以适应湖区复杂的边界形状和保持水量平衡;河网部分采用一维非恒定流守恒型显格式,避免隐格式矩阵算法的复杂性,同时有利于与二维模型的耦合及与各种复杂连通关系的显式连接.这种一、二维混合非恒定流模型可用于长江干流、洞庭湖河网及湖泊、堤垸区的洪水演进和防洪调度的水流仿真. 相似文献
14.
15.
Numerical simulations of flow motion and deposition characteristics of granular debris flows 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Flow motion and deposition characteristics of debris flows are of concern regarding land use planning and management. A simple
model for the prediction of mentioned characteristics has been developed, incorporating a friction–collision rheological model.
It demonstrated to be able to satisfactorily simulate the two-dimensional behavior of laboratory results and the one-dimensional
behavior of two real debris-flow events. The numerical results show that the topography of the channel bed, the yield stress
level of the debris flows, and the inflow pattern have significant influence on the simulated flow motion and deposition characteristics
of debris flows. In addition, the predicted run-out distance has been compared with analytical solutions and field observations.
The model could be employed for the preliminary evaluation of one-dimensional run-out distance of granular debris flows provided
that the volume of the debris involved in the initial mobilization is assumed. 相似文献
16.
An approximate analytical solution has been established for the well known Richards’ equation for unsaturated flow of transports in soils. Despite the importance of Richards’ equation in geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications, most solutions to the problem are generally based on numerical methods often having limitations in application. It is therefore advantageous to explore analytical solutions to the problem. The proposed solution is based on homotopy analysis method (HAM). The method is superior over traditional perturbation techniques in a sense that it is not dependent on the assumption of a small parameter as the initial step. Several simple cases have been explored to describe the application of HAM to Richards’ equation. The results obtained by HAM are also compared with existing solutions to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. 相似文献
17.
M. Paterson 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2001,90(1):157-167
This paper is concerned with the question of how to relate laboratory measurements of the rheology of rocks to the rheological assumptions that need to be made in geodynamic modelling. First, there is a brief resumé of the principal types of rheological behaviour that have been studied in the laboratory, both pressure-dependent, strain rate-independent and pressure-independent, strain-rate-dependent. Then, the generalization of the results from the relatively simple stress states of the experiments to general stress states is discussed, followed by consideration of the extrapolation of the experimental results to geological strains and strain rates. Finally, the problems associated with spatial scale are considered, leading to the question of how to model the rheological behaviour of large-scale rock masses, using the rheological measurements of laboratory specimens and taking into account the heterogeneity of geological-scale rock masses. 相似文献
18.
The pipe network flow model can simulate the seepage process with DEM conveniently because of its simple algorithm. However, whether it can recover the correct seepage process has not been verified. In this paper, the equation to update the fluid pressure is rebuilt according to the flow conservation. Through the steady seepage simulation, this algorithm is verified to be able to recover Darcy’s law, and the equation to calibrate the aperture according to macro permeability is derived. Furthermore, the modified algorithm is used to simulate the unsteady seepage process, and the results show good agreement with the analytical solutions. 相似文献
19.
The use of Na-smectite clay gels for sealing rock fractures is studied in phase 3 of the Strips project. The rheological properties of these gels and the mathematical formulations necessary to simulate the behaviour are presented in this article, including the breakdown of the structure at small strains as well as the flow behaviour of the vibrated and unvibrated gel.
An important conclusion is that the flow properties of an unvibrated gel do not follow Newton's classical viscosity law, while the shear resistance of the gel affected by vibrations is strongly reduced and the flow behaviour is Newtonian. 相似文献
20.
基于FLAC3D的改进Burgers蠕变损伤模型的二次开发研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
岩石的流变变形对于岩质边坡和地下结构产生重要影响,其时效特性越来越引起人们的关注。然而通用分析软件所提供的岩石流变本构模型均有其特定的使用范围,往往不能满足工程数值分析的需要。考虑到岩体中参数劣化造成的影响,采用了一个变参数的改进Burgers蠕变损伤模型,该模型认为岩体的蠕变参数是随时间因子逐渐弱化的,这弥补了FLAC3D自身流变模型的不足,并利用FLAC3D（Version 2.1）提供的二次开发程序接口,分析了蠕变损伤模型二次开发程序运行的基本原理,给出了该模型具体的程序框图和代码编写中应该注意的关键问题。介绍了该模型的几种退化形式,通过算例分别验证了该模型黏弹性、塑性和损伤的力学性质,分析了损伤参数对蠕变曲线的影响,并由此介绍了验证流变模型二次开发程序正确性的一般步骤。由于采用了面向对象的编程技术,FLAC3D二次开发接口简单实用,研究思路可为其他流变本构模型的二次开发提供参考。 相似文献