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《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
中国东部某油田X油层为近岸水下扇及扇三角洲砾石质沉积,沉积旋回性较差,给高分辨率层序地层学分析带来较大难度.以声波时差曲线资料为基础,应用Morlet一维连续性小波变换分析其所包含的旋回信息,由其获得的小波系数曲线具有良好的旋回性,并且与基准面旋回有较好的相关性.通过小波系数曲线识别的旋回称为小波旋回,统计小波旋回的数量及厚度,应用Fischer图解分析X油层长期基准面旋回的变化.研究表明,X油层由两期长期基准面旋回组成,即仅包含下降半旋回的不对称旋回和仅包含上升半旋回的不对称旋回.结合取心井的长期基准面旋回识别可知该方法识别的长期基准面旋回与由岩心识别的结果有着较好的一致性.在高分辨率层序地层对比中,可先通过Morlet小波一维连续性变换结合Fischer图解分析剖面内多井的长期基准面旋回变化,即识别异旋回变化,并通过Fischer图解异常井识别剖面中的异常处,分析自旋回变化对异旋回的干扰作用,从而辅助区域高分辨率层序地层的对比. 相似文献
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海拉尔贝39井区构造复杂,砂体边界识别难,常规纵波地震解释存在多解性,引入转换波信息可增加地震解释的可靠性.由测井曲线的岩石物理分析可知,在纵波阻抗-速度比双弹性空间可识别砂泥岩.本文根据海拉尔地区测井资料的特点,利用拟合方法重构横波测井曲线;基于海拉尔贝39井区三维三分量地震数据,采用放大比例尺层拉平的精细层位解释及纵波降颊和转换波提频相结合的方法进行精细层位匹配,在此基础上,由纵、横波联合反演求出速度比属性,定性描述了储层的平面分布,与贝39井钻遇油层特征相符,解决了该地区的油水分布问题.应用属性切片技术得到油层组的砂体平面展布,砂体的展布特征与区域地质认识的物源沉积方向具有较好的吻合程度,并对贝39并区的油藏类型进行了重新认识. 相似文献
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博兴洼陷油气勘探已进入隐蔽油气藏为主的勘探阶段,储集砂体的分布,尤其是能够形成地层岩性油藏的有利储集砂体的分布,是油气勘探的关键.研究区主要发育有浊积扇、辫状三角洲前缘和近岸水下扇三种类型的储集砂体,其中浊积扇扇体是岩性圈闭勘探的最有利砂体.通过已发现油气藏的地层位置分析,发现MSC8、MSC7、MSC6、MSC5、MSC2旋回的上升半旋回是有利储集砂体发育的主要层段,浊积扇砂体发育,且具有有利的油气成藏条件.平面上,MSC8旋回的有利储集砂体主要发育在高青断层东南侧的狭长区域内,MSC5、MSC6、MSC7旋回的有利储集砂体发育在坡折带之下的洼陷区.综合上述分析,预测了坡折带下部洼陷区、高青断裂下降盘和高24-高27井间区域3个岩性和构造-岩性圈闭勘探有利区. 相似文献
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综合测井资料在研究油气藏沉积相中的应用--以川口油田长六油层组为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用测井资料来评价或解释沉积相的方法称为测井相分析．测井资料与沉积学结合形成的测井相分析在研究油气藏沉积相和圈定砂体方面发挥着重要作用．利用综合测井资料物性曲线的形状、幅度、数值大小,建立不同沉积相与测井曲线之间的函数对应关系,分析不同沉积相的测井曲线特征,并对不同沉积相的岩性所对应的测井曲线形态分别进行描述．从单井分析剖面对比区域研究三个层次研究油气藏沉积相,勾画出主砂体的形态和展布方向,在此基础上,讨论了川口油气藏长6油层组油气藏与沉积相之间的关系,研究认为河道沉积是该区油田勘探和开发的首选区带． 相似文献
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喇嘛甸油田3D3C地震资料的应用探索 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
喇嘛甸油田在高含水开发后期剩余油精细挖潜研究中,面临密井网条件下厚度2m以上砂体的边界识别问题,常规纵波地震解释存在多解性,引入转换波信息可增加地震解释的可靠性.基于喇嘛甸工区三维三分量地震数据,本文由测井曲线分析得出,密度、LR和MR能够很好地反映储层岩性变化.在纵波层位约束下的纵横波层位精细匹配解释基础上,由纵横波联合反演求出这3种属性数据体.井-震结合,应用属性切片技术得到不同小层的砂体平面展布,与钻井绘制的沉积相图具有较高的一致性,并在气藏描述、砂体识别、河道刻画中见到显著的地质效果.该研究为喇嘛甸油田主力油层剩余油挖潜研究提供了基础资料,同时展示了该区扶余油层的良好勘探前景. 相似文献
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西藏羌塘盆地侏罗系基准面变化及沉积充填响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
羌塘盆地侏罗系地层基准面变化表现为从上升到下降的一个完整过程,基准面的升降变化与盆地构造演化密切相关,特别是受盆地形成演化过程中班公湖-怒江洋演化过程的控制,而且受气候变化的影响.侏罗系相当于一个长期基准面旋回层序,表现为由上升半旋回和下降半旋回组成的不完全对称旋回,其间可进一步划分为6个中期基准面旋回层序,包括2个由碳酸盐岩沉积组成的层序,3个碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩混合沉积组成的层序,一个由碎屑岩组成的层序.基准面变化过程中沉积充填特点表明,侏罗纪土阿辛期-巴柔期班怒洋已经开始扩张,巴通期-牛津期为洋盆扩张的鼎盛时期,其间由于气候干燥而影响海域面积减小,其后由于班公湖-怒江洋俯冲消减及碰撞,结束了海相沉积充填历史. 相似文献
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针对雁木西油田白垩系低阻油层受沉积相带及其断裂、构造和岩性等多种因素控制影响,测井信息应用难度增大的特点,采用地层倾角测井资料确定古水流方向、砂体延伸、层理构造和微相特征.利用倾角方位频率矢量统计,确定出白垩系K1s3、K1s2、K1s1目的层段古水流及其相应河道砂体延伸方向为北北东20°.利用层理构造倾角模式分析,确定出白垩系K1s3、K1s2、K1s1期分别发育楔状交错层理、波状斜层理、波状交错层理和水平层理,结合岩心、井径、自然伽马和微侧向电阻率曲线特征,分别阐明白垩系K1s3、K1s2到K1s1期水动力能量由较高到较低变化,形成了扇三角洲前缘扇中的水下辫状河道到扇端的浅水河道有利微相砂体发育带,它们由南南西向北北东方向展布,控制着研究区最为有利的油气储集砂体分布. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(6)
松辽盆地陆相三角洲沉积的主力储层为分流河道砂体,其以"砂薄、砂地比低、横向分布不稳定"为特点.针对分流河道砂体平面展布及厚度预测难题,本文提出在对振幅、频率、相位、波形及相关等多种地震属性提取基础上进行优选组合,确定输入的最佳属性组合,应用支持向量机方法预测河道平面展布;同时应用测井曲线重构、随机反演方法,提高垂向分辨率,有效识别分流河道砂体厚度这一综合刻画方法.文中以G油田扶余油层F205沉积单元为例,识别出3条断续型分流河道沉积(河道1为基于井落实河道,河道2、3为地震预测河道),均为北北西走向.研究区中部的预测河道2在F205沉积单元内预测延伸长度为800 m,根据随机反演结果显示厚度在5 m左右.河道2相对于研究区东部预测河道3厚度大,延伸长,是下一步井位部署的潜力区.截止目前,在预测河道2中部设计了一口评价井G12-9,F205沉积单元钻遇砂岩厚度4.8 m,有效厚度为4.6 m,试油方式为压后抽汲,试油结论为高产工业油层.后经岩心、测井曲线等证实,该井为典型的河道砂沉积体.这充分证明了应用优选地震属性的支持向量机方法刻画河道平面展布,结合测井曲线重构参与的随机反演方法刻画河道厚度,在三角洲沉积体系分流河道的综合刻画上是有效的. 相似文献
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Michael O. Garcia Diane Hanano Ashton Flinders Dominique Weis Garrett Ito Mark D. Kurz 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2012,74(6):1445-1463
The size, shape, and magmatic history of the most recently discovered shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, Mahukona, have been controversial. Mahukona corresponds to what was thought to be a gap in the paired sequence (Loa and Kea trends) of younger Hawaiian volcanoes (<4?Ma). Here, we present the results of marine expeditions to Mahukona where new bathymetry, sidescan sonar, gravity data, and lava samples were collected to address these controversies. Modeling of bathymetric and gravity data indicate that Mahukona is one of the smallest Hawaiian volcanoes (～6,000?km3) and that its magmatic system was not focused in a long-lived central reservoir like most other Hawaiian volcanoes. This lack of a long-lived magmatic reservoir is reflected by the absence of a central residual gravity high and the random distribution of cones on Mahukona Volcano. Our reconstructed subsidence history for Mahukona suggests it grew to at least ～270?m below sea level but probably did not form an island. New 40Ar–39Ar plateau ages range from 350 to 654?ka providing temporal constraints for Mahukona’s post-shield and shield stages of volcanism, which ended prematurely. Mahukona post-shield lavas have high 3He/4He ratios (16–21?Ra), which have not been observed in post-shield lavas from other Hawaiian volcanoes. Lava compositions range widely at Mahukona, including Pb isotopic values that straddle the boundary between Kea and Loa sequences of volcanoes. The compositional diversity of Mahukona lavas may be related to its relatively small size (less extensive melting) and the absence of a central magma reservoir where magmas would have been homogenized. 相似文献
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In this study, we have checked the location and focal depth of the Yecheng earthquake (m b = 6.0, maximum intensity VII) of February 14, 1980. The result shows that this is an intermediate event with a focal depth of 90 km. The microepicenter is located at 36. 4°N, 76, 9°E, while the macroepicenter is at 37.3°N, 76.9°E, 90 km to the north of the microepicenter. This is the first destructive intermediate event in China which led to a damage as severe as of intensity VII. The focal mechanism of the event is determined to be of thrust type. Combined with the analysis of seismological and geological data in surrounding area, the possible relation between the event and plate movement has been discussed. The result in this paper indicates that in some particular place, the destructive effect of intermediate event should be considered in seismic hazard assessment. 相似文献
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Earthquake of November 30, 2004, in Podhale region, southern Poland, was of unexpectedly big size in this area of weak seismicity.
As Poland is considered a country of low seismicity, the earthquake has caused concern about seismic hazard in Poland, especially
since it took place shortly after the even more unexpected Kaliningrad Region, Russia, earthquakes of September 21, 2004,
that inflicted minor damage in northern Poland. The paper presents the findings on the Podhale earthquake which reached macroseismic
intensity up to 7 and magnitude 4.7 (m
b
; ISC). The event was felt up to a distance of about 100 km and inflicted slight damage to buildings in its narrow epicentral
area, thus evidencing its relatively shallow depth. The quake has been located near the village of Skrzypne, about 15 km west-southwest
of the district capital Nowy Targ. The source mechanism has been found to be of dip slip normal fault type, although a problem
remains of association of this mechanism with known tectonic dislocations in the region. The earthquake has been followed
by a long series of aftershocks. Their distribution in time is also studied and the biggest aftershocks have been located. 相似文献
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Drop calorimetry measurements between 900 and 1850 K are reported for amorphous anorthite, andesine, wollastonite, diopside, cordierite and pyrope. The isobaric heat capacities of the glassy and liquid phases of these materials, and the enthalpies of fusion of the minerals have been derived. The calorimetric entropies of fusion of these substances and of other oxide minerals are generally consistent with the calculated volume changes on melting and with the observed pressure dependences of the melting points. The thermodynamics of mixing of liquid plagioclases have been examined, and it is concluded that their enthalpies of mixing are markedly different from the values derived directly from solution calorimetry measurements at 985 K. 相似文献
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In this study, we experimentally established the relationship between physical properties, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of coal, Taiyuan Formation, Qinshui Basin, China using representative coal samples collected from three different mines via the rock mechanics testing system (MTS). We analyzed the organic macerals, vitrinite reflectance, and microstructure of 11 coal samples using petrography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results suggest that (1) the elastic parameters can be described by linear equations, (2) both P-and S-wave velocities display anisotropy, (3) the anisotropy negatively correlates with vitrinite reflectance, and (4) the acoustic velocities and Young’s modulus are negatively correlated with the volume of micropores. The derived empirical equations can be used in the forward modeling and seismic inversion of physical properties of coal for improving the coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoir characterization. 相似文献
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The distribution of Ti, Zr, Y, Sr, K, P and Nb has been investigated at 55 sample sites within a single basaltic flow, the Cliefden Outcrop, which has adjusted to low-grade metamorphism of the prehnite-pumpellyite facies. The cluster of points in the plot of Ti, Zr and Y as proposed by Pearce and Cann shows that the ratio of these elements has remained relatively constant after metamorphism and would therefore have significance in attempts at classification of magma type. Likewise a plot involving Nb, Y, Zr and P as proposed by Floyd and Winchester shows only restricted scatter and appears useful. However, plots involving Sr or K show a scatter that is clearly related to metamorphic processes. Consequently, plots involving these two elements are likely to be of little use in classification in this case.Low-grade metamorphism is common, variable and not always recognized. The study concerned one style of alteration and revealed problems in the application of some classification schemes. Consequently it is apparent that much more rigorous testing is needed before classification schemes can be generally applied to sequences of basaltic rocks. 相似文献
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Edward R. Sholkovitz 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1978,41(1):77-86
A laboratory experiment was carried out in which the flocculation products, formed from the mixing of filtered (0.4 μm) river water and seawater, were analysed. This study established that Fe, Mn, Al, Cu, Ni, Cd and Co have resolvable and well-defined estuarine chemistries. Copper, Ni, Mn and Co have salinity dependences of removal which are similar to those of dissolved Fe and humic acids. The amount of removal of the above trace metals increases between 0 and 15–18‰, after which little additional removal occurs. The extents of removal from river water are very different: Fe, 95%; Al, 20%; Cu, Ni, 40%; Co, 10%; Cd, 5% and Mn, 25–45%. The basic removal mechanism appears to be the estuarine flocculation of trace metals which exist, in part, in river water as colloids in association with colloidal humic acids and hydrous iron oxides. A qualitative model, based on this mechanism, supports the observations of this flocculation study.The results of this study give the most complete and consistent set of data presently available, from which to postulate the most important processes controlling the estuarine chemistry of trace metals. The generality of their behaviours still needs to be determined by future investigations. 相似文献