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四川金川黄土地层 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
马厂剖面中黄土-古土壤序列共厚15．5m,根据岩性、磁性地层特征、磁化率、CaCO3含量和光释光测年结果,将金川黄土划分为冰后期S0古土壤,末次冰期1-1黄土,末次间冰期S1古土壤、倒数第二冰期L2黄土和倒数第二间冰期S2古土壤等5个地层单位;其中,S1复合型古土壤又可细分为S1LL1、S1LL2黄土和S1SS1、S1SS2和S1SS3古土壤等5个次级地层单位。金川黄土沉积始于中更新世晚期,其底界的年龄人致为200ka BP,其磁化率变化反映了最近200ka来的高原季风演化和气候环境变迁,5个磁化率高值段指示了5个夏季风环流增强的时段,4个磁化率低值段则代表了4次夏季风减弱的时期。 相似文献
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古土壤记录了丰富的古气候和古环境信息,然而古土壤受后期地质作用影响常不易被正确地识别。甘肃张掖彩丘是白垩纪早期发育的彩色地层,目前详细的地层序列尚未建立。张掖彩丘表现为红色、黄色、灰色、紫色等多种颜色交替变化,通常被认为是河湖相沉积或洪积相沉积,然而野外考察发现大量的古土壤特征。野外观察识别古土壤主要从根迹、土壤结构和土壤发生层等方面,主要表现为红色根迹或青灰色晕状根迹,半干旱环境下形成的钙质淀积层,土壤在干湿交替环境下形成的粘土滑擦面,土壤发生层之间的过渡边界。本文通过对张掖彩丘地层的系统考察,建立了较为详细的厚760 m的地层序列,根据古土壤的发育特征,识别出14种不同类型的古土壤,整个彩丘地层共计156个古土壤剖面,是独特的古土壤序列。14种古土壤类型与现代土壤类型对照,并与国际土壤分类对比,类比的现代土壤类型主要出现在南亚的亚热带或热带气候条件,说明白垩纪早期比现在更为温暖。根据古土壤发育程度序列,结合古土壤特征和地层特点,将古气候变化分成4个阶段,依次是湿润(0~268 m)、半干旱(268~550 m)、湿润(550~740 m)、干旱(740~760 m)阶段。张掖彩丘古土壤的系统识别和发育程度序列的建立为进一步古气候研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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古土壤是古代沉积环境和气候变化的灵敏记录者,可以为深刻认识地球演化历史中的重要地质事件提供有效信息,并成为当前沉积学领域的研究热点之一。国外古土壤研究已经涉及到太古代以来的几乎所有沉积地层,而国内古土壤的研究仍以第四纪地层为主,对前第四纪漫长地质时期地层记录中的古土壤研究较少。基于古土壤的识别特征及其埋藏后发生的可能变化,分析了古土壤在沉积环境解释和地层划分对比中的作用。其中,古土壤钙积层发育深度、元素地球化学、成土碳酸盐岩稳定同位素等对于合理评价成土作用过程、划分成土相及定量恢复古气候（年均降水量、年均气温和pCO2）等方面的研究发展迅速,不同估算古气候参数的经验公式都有明显的适用性特点。近年来,国内学者对松辽、四川、胶莱盆地等的白垩系古土壤进行了很多调查研究,并取得了较好的研究成果。而包括江西、广东、浙江等在内的中国东南地区白垩系陆相红层研究结果显示,这些地层含有丰富的古土壤,总体为地表干旱氧化条件下形成的红色古土壤序列。通过对国际古土壤研究动态的综述,以期引起国内更多沉积学工作者关注前第四纪地层记录中的古土壤,为更好地认识古代地球环境变化做出更大贡献。 相似文献
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古土壤的类型及识别标志 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
古土壤是近年来沉积学研究领域的一个热点。在对古土壤的识别、类型划分、研究方法及研究意义分析介绍的基础上,重点论述了古土壤的宏观和微观结构特征以及矿物和地球化学特征。最后对河北南部晚古生代地层中的古土壤类型进行了初步分析,提出了古土壤研究中需要进一步加强的几个方面的问题。 相似文献
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陆相层序地层学若干问题的讨论 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
陆相地层的层序地层学研究一直是各国地质学家关注的焦点之一。本文主要讨论了陆相层序的控制因素，认为陆相层序的主控因素是构造升降、气候波动、沉积物的供应和充填速率而不是湖平面的升降，它们的综合作用影响着基准面的升降，湖平面的变化只是这种作用的表现形式；同时讨论了古土壤作为层序边界的意义，得出煤层不能作为层序边界的结论；并提出河流冲积体系域（AFS）的概念，建议对于湖泊沉积体系使用扩展体系域（EST）和萎缩体系域（RST）。 相似文献
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最直观、最直接的古气候记录莫过于陆相黄土地层,它由许多黄土和古土壤层叠覆而成,详细地记录了第四纪以来的古气候变化。黄土高原中部黄土和古土壤的风化和发育程度可以用磁学参数,如磁化率等来描述。本文作者对甘肃西峰剖面约13万年以来的黄土地层做了详细采样,测量其磁滞回线各参数,频率磁化率、低场和高场磁化率、温度磁化率、磁组构等参数。研究表明,黄土与古土壤中的磁性矿物组分相似而且稳定。磁铁矿、赤铁矿和磁赤铁矿(主要是磁铁矿)的含量及其颗粒大小决定了它们的磁学特征。黄土和古土壤的磁学性质差别主要受成土过程中形成细小磁铁矿的影响。 相似文献
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临清坳陷晚古生代地层是胜利油田勘探的重要层位,研究其煤成气储层特征对该区油气资源勘探和能源接替有重要意义。以沉积学、岩石学和地层学为主要研究手段,在总结该区晚古生代沉积体系及沉积相基础上,分析了山西组和石盒子组等地层中的砂岩储层物性特征。研究发现:该区主要存在四大沉积体系,即潮坪沉积体系、障壁-泻湖沉积体系、河控浅水三角洲沉积体系及河流-湖泊复合沉积体系,其中,三角洲分流河道砂体、大型河流、湖泊及湖泊三角洲沉积砂体成为煤成气的有利储层;这些储层的岩石类型主要有长石砂岩、石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩及硬砂岩等,且石英砂岩以奎山段较发育,长石石英砂岩多发育于山西组。 相似文献
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末次盛冰期以来青藏高原东北部共和盆地气候与环境变化研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
青藏高原东北部共和盆地气候与环境变化文献分析认为:末次盛冰期(14 C年龄14ka BP或16cal ka BP之前)地层沉积主要为风成砂和黄土,冰缘地貌发育,气候寒冷干燥,植被可能为干旱荒漠或荒漠草原;末次冰消期(14 C年龄14ka BP或16 cal ka BP-Younger Dryas,缩写YD事件)地层发育古土壤,湖泊水位明显上升,并显著的捕捉到冷暖事件(Blling-Allerd,缩写B/A、YD)的信息,气候趋于温暖湿润,对应植被为荒漠草原;全新世8.5ka BP(14 C年龄)之前区域温度和湿度不同程度增加,湖泊水位较高,地层发育古土壤,植被为荒漠草原或干草原;8.5～7.0ka BP(14 C年龄)风成砂出现,古土壤发育中断,气候寒冷干燥,为全新世新冰期第一期;7.0～3.0ka BP(14 C年龄)古土壤显著发育,高水位湖面出现,水热组合达到全新世最佳,植被向干草原方向演化,但期间也存在千–百年尺度的冷事件(全新世新冰期第二期);3.0ka BP(14 C年龄)以来气候向温凉(寒冷)干燥方向发展.太阳辐射等外部因素变化并触发地球系统内部各个圈层之间相互作用是区域气候、环境变化的主要驱动力.同时,对研究现状进一步剖析,阐明其存在的问题,并提出气候、环境变化研究的发展方向. 相似文献
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成因地层分析是陆相盆地填图中行之有效的方法。构成盆地的成因地层单位具有多级性,次级成因单位是组成高级成因地层单位的基本要素。正确地识别和划分岩性相、岩性相组合和沉积体系,对合理划分岩石地层单位、查明其成因环境、沉积作用和空间配置关系,研究盆地的发生发展及建立盆地地层格架等均具有重要意义。滦平盆地填图中成功的采用了成因地层分析方法,划分出14个岩性相和10个岩性相组合,根据各岩性相组合的成因联系和空间关系,进一步划分出冲积扇沉积体系、扇三角洲沉积体系和湖泊沉积体系。并根据各沉积体系的空间配置和变化规律,客观地划分了正式和非正式填图单位。 相似文献
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利用岩芯、薄片鉴定、粒度分析、录井及测井解释等资料和手段,对四川盆地川西坳陷上侏罗统遂宁组沉积特征进行研究。结果表明,川西坳陷在遂宁组沉积时期处于稳定坳陷阶段,沉积作用明显受周期性洪水注入影响,形成“洪水-漫湖”沉积体系。“洪水-漫湖”沉积主要发育冲积扇、曲流河、曲流河三角洲和湖泊4个沉积相和若干个沉积微相,其沉积具有以下特征:①频繁的湖平面升降,形成砂泥互层的地层叠加样式;②缺乏大面积分布的半深湖-深湖沉积;③河流相为主要的沉积类型;④湖盆具有多物源、多期漫湖、满盆含砂的沉积特点。“洪水-漫湖”是川西坳陷遂宁组一种沉积充填新模式,对指导油气勘探具有重要的理论和实践意义。 相似文献
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《Sedimentary Geology》2006,183(3-4):243-259
The Upper Cretaceous/Lower Tertiary Maghra El-Bahari Formation at Gabal Ataqa and Gabal Shabrawet in the northeastern portion of the Eastern Desert of Egypt is subdivided into two informal lithostratigraphic parts: lower and upper. The lower part has common features of alluvial floodplain-dominated deposits with occasional occurrences of crevasse splay deposits. The upper part has sediments typical of marginal lacustrine environments.Both the floodplain and marginal lacustrine deposits exhibit pedogenic features comprising various types of paleosols. Among other soil-forming processes, diversity in the paleosols studied is mainly attributed to paleoclimatic and paleohydrologic changes. The paleosol criteria suggest two climatic regimes, a subhumid–semiarid one succeeded by a semiarid-arid one.The continental depositional environments recognized (floodplain and lacustrine) with their associated paleosols helped in the recognition of a marine regression in the area studied. In a regional perspective, comparison of the data presented in this study with paleosol data spanning the same time period in other localities suggests that the proposed paleoclimatic changes may have been of regional extent. 相似文献
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微量元素记录的毛乌素沙漠全新世气候波动--以萨拉乌苏流域DGS1层段为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取毛乌素沙漠东南缘萨拉乌苏河流域具有代表性的滴哨沟湾剖面全新统(DGS1层段),结合微量元素与测年分析结果,探讨了该地全新世千年尺度的气候波动.结果表明,P、V、Cu、Zn、Sr、Ni、As、Cr、Pb属于易迁移-较稳定元素,其含量在沉积相中主要呈现为古土壤< 沙丘砂 <湖沼相,Co、Rb、Nb、Ba、Cl、Zr属于稳定-惰性元素,主要呈现为古土壤 >沙丘砂 >湖沼相,说明沙丘砂是冬季风主导下的沉积,古土壤和湖沼相是夏季风主导下的沉积.以Rb和Sr两种元素在垂向上峰谷交替的变化特征为依据,将DGS1记录的全新世气候分为升温期(11 000~10 130 a B.P.)、大暖期(10 130~6 590 a B.P.)、降温期(6 590~3 760 a B.P.)和寒冷期(3 760~0 a B.P.)四个阶段,这与国内外的相关研究结果一致,表明萨拉乌苏河流域全新世的气候变化是全球环境变化影响下的结果. 相似文献
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G. J. Retallack 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(8):1083-1106
Cambrian marine, grey shales are widespread, and so are Cambrian intertidal, redbeds with weakly developed marine-influenced paleosols. A broader view of Cambrian landscapes and soilscapes now comes from paleosols of alluvial coastal plains of the Cambrian (to Ordovician?) Parachilna, Billy Creek, Moodlatana, Balcoracana, Pantapinna and Grindstone Range Formations in the central Flinders Ranges of South Australia. Paleosols are recognised by soil structures such as calcareous nodules (caliche) and cracked ridges (mukkara). They also show gradational changes down-profile in minerals, grainsize and chemical composition comparable with soils. Some of these Cambrian paleosols are thick (>1 m) and well developed (large caliche nodules). They indicate stable alluvial and coastal landscapes of quartzo-feldspathic and locally tuffaceous sediments. Paleoclimates were generally semiarid, although several intervals of subhumid paleoclimate coincide with local marine transgression. Drab-haloed filaments in red claystones, and elephant-skin and carpet textures in sandstones of some of the paleosols may be evidence of biological soil crusts, and some waterlogged marginal marine and lacustrine paleosols had animal burrows. Cambrian paleosols of the Flinders Ranges are assignable to the modern soil orders Vertisol, Aridisol, Inceptisol and Entisol. Modern soils of the Flinders Ranges and central Australia are within the same orders as the Cambrian paleosols, supporting evidence from paleogeomorphology that some Australian landscapes and soilscapes are very ancient indeed. 相似文献
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L. Feng Y-C. Lu J. S. Wellner J-S. Liu X-F. Liu X.-Q. Li 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2020,67(2):279-304
AbstractThe Xihu sag, which is the largest petroliferous sub-basin of the East China Sea Shelf Basin, formed in a continental back-arc setting. The Oligocene Huagang Formation consisting of a fluvial–lacustrine succession deposited during the compressional stage is the prime hydrocarbon-bearing interval in the Xihu sag. A third-order sequence-stratigraphic framework has been built, and component sand-body characteristics were investigated based on seismic attribute analysis and well-log correlation. Two overall upward-fining sequences, and an internal low-accommodation systems tract (LAST) (fluvial successions characterised by amalgamated fluvial channel sand bodies interlayered with rare overbank deposits) and high-accommodation systems tract (HAST) (intervals dominated by overbank or lacustrine deposits) have been identified. The thick, multi-storied channel-fill sandstone bodies deposited along the central depression belt, capped by extensive overbank or lacustrine mud deposits, characterise each sequence and form favourable reservoir–seal associations. Proximal-to-distal changes in lithofacies associations were also analysed. The sequence-stratigraphic and lithofacies analysis suggest the existence of an axial, large-scale river channel system in the Oligocene Xihu sag. On the basis of the restoration of basin geomorphology and seismic facies analysis, the depositional architectures of the axial paleodrainage system have been reconstructed. Overall, the Huagang sequences represent the sedimentary evolution of a large-scale fluvial system sourced from axial and lateral supply areas, to form river deltas into an interior-draining basin-centre lake. Two major fluvio-lacustrine transgression–regression cycles have been recorded. During the transgression cycle, the fluvial morphology was dominated by braided fluvial style; whereas during the regression cycle, the fluvial morphology was characterised by a combination of multiple fluvial channel styles in the LAST, from upstream to downstream low-sinuosity braided, high-sinuosity braided and anastomosing fluvial channel patterns were distributed and then replaced by large-scale lake flooding in the HAST. The braided channel centre, paleobathymetric lows of channel networks and delta-front bodies are sand-prone units. The fluvial sedimentation was governed by multiple parameters: tectonics, paleogeomorphology and climate fluctuations. This integrated study on fluvial sedimentation and evolution of the Oligocene drainage system enable us to propose a conceptual model depicting fluvial channel styles and component sand-body architecture in lacustrine rift basins with axial plus transverse sediment supplies. This model can serve as a reference to illustrate channel-sand-body and associated reservoir architecture in similar types of drainage systems in terrestrial basins. 相似文献
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松辽盆地嫩江组大型陆相坳陷湖盆湖底水道的发现及其石油地质意义 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
松辽盆地属于大型陆相中生界含油气盆地,通过高分辨率三维地震资料分析,首次在中央坳陷区大庆长垣嫩江组一段湖相泥岩中发现了发育完整的大型湖底水道系统,该系统由3个主干水道和4个末梢分支水道构成,沿大庆长垣自北向南延伸,水道系统延伸最大直线距离71km,水道最大宽度600m。研究认为该水道系统可能为河流直接入湖而形成,电测解释和岩心观察表明水道砂体具有很好的含油气性。因此,这一水道系统的发现为在松辽盆地中央坳陷区广泛发育的湖相泥岩中寻找油气储层提供了一个新勘探领域,具有极其重要的石油地质意义。 相似文献
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为了深入认识川西坳陷中段须四段层序地层格架内沉积特征,综合利用野外露头、地震、岩心、测/录井、分析测试等资料对其进行了系统分析。结果表明须四段为一个三级层序,根据层序界面特征划分出低位体系域、湖侵体系域和高位体系域,并建立了等时层序地层格架。依据沉积相标志识别出冲积扇、辫状河、辫状河三角洲和湖泊4种相类型,明确了层序地层格架内沉积相平面展布及纵向演化特征：平面上,短轴物源自龙门山山前依次发育冲积扇、辫状河、辫状河三角洲和湖泊相,长轴物源主要发育辫状河三角洲前缘沉积,长短轴物源在合兴场-德阳-马井-新繁镇一带地区交汇;纵向上,低位体系域和高位体系域时期以辫状河三角洲前缘沉积为主,水下分支河道砂体纵向叠置、横向连片、分布广泛,湖侵体系域时期以滨浅湖沉积为主。建立了层序-沉积充填模式,指出低位体系域和高位体系域时期的长轴物源和长短轴物源交汇区辫状河三角洲前缘水下分支河道砂体是研究区优质储层发育区。 相似文献
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The lacustrine Peterson Limestone of western Wyoming and southeastern Idaho comprises six lithofacies throughout its 20,000 km2 aerial extent. These are: (1) calcareous sandstone and shale, (2) red nodular limestone, (3) pink sandy micrite, (4) biomicrite, (5) graded silty micrite, and (6) limestone conglomerate. The first two represent floodplain deposition and paleosols, whereas the remaining are shallow nearshore and deeper lacustrine sediments.This sequence was developed in a large fresh, hardwater lake surrounded by fluvial systems and associated flood plains in a warm temperate climate. Well-oxidized sandy terrigenous rocks, together with calcareous paleosol nodules, indicate that flood-plain deposition both preceded and was concurrent with lacustrine carbonate deposition. Micrite and biomicrite formed in deeper parts of the basin while sandy and silty carbonate accumulated in shallower lake-margin areas. Less-calcareous shale units which are interbedded with deeper-water carbonate were deposited either during rapid basin subsidence and deepening of the lake center or during periods of slower carbonate precipitation. Turbidity currents and subaqueous debris flows generated along steeper lake margins, resulted in the deposition of rhythmic layers of graded silty micrite and diamictic limestone conglomerate in the deepest part of the basin. The carbonate-rich sediments comprising these two lithofacies were originally deposited on shallow lake-margin benches and subsequently were transported downslope toward the lake center.Comparison with other carbonate-precipitating lacustrine systems indicates that this lake was not like modern playas. Although no known modern lacustrine system is precisely like Lake Peterson, the flora, fauna, composition, and distribution of facies within modern temperate-region lakes most closely resemble those of the Peterson Limestone. 相似文献