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1.
《Limnologica》2021
Ciliated protozoans are important constituents of periphytic communities in aquatic habitats, including river-floodplain ecosystems. As the knowledge about the diversity and ecological importance of periphytic ciliates in floodplain habitats is still limited, the main objectives of this study were to analyse the temporal variations in the community structure and functional role and reveal the main environmental factors controlling community dynamics. The study was conducted in one of the Danube's largest conserved floodplains – Kopački Rit in Croatia. In situ research included two experimental series in a lake, the first from spring till winter and the second from summer till winter. Samples were collected biweekly using glass slides as artificial substrates for periphyton development. During the study, two hydrological (low-water and high-water) periods interchanged. High-water periods were characterized by greater water transparency and nutrient concentrations, while electrical conductivity, chlorophyll a concentration, total suspended solids and particulate organic matter in water were higher during low-water periods. Furthermore, hydrological changes greatly affected the periphytic ciliate communities and the highest abundances were registered during low water levels. We identified a total of 133 ciliate taxa, among which the peritrichs, sessile filter feeders, were the dominant representatives in the periphyton, with the highest densities registered in the absence of floods. During extremely high water levels, the composition of the ciliate community in periphyton changed, with mobile ciliates, predators and filter feeders, becoming dominant. This study indicates that the main food source for periphytic ciliates in a floodplain lake are bacteria and algae, confirming the important role of these microorganisms in the lake food web, by making the carbon fixed in bacteria and algae available for the organisms of higher trophic levels. Additionally, periphytic ciliates have a considerable effect on planktonic organisms in the lake, thus connecting benthic and pelagic food webs, especially during low-water periods. 相似文献
2.
Biserka Primc-Habdija Ivan Habdija Milan Meštrov Ines Radanović 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1996,58(3):224-240
Ciliate composition and its seasonal changes in seston depending on the discharge regime were analyzed in the lower rhithral area of the river Sava. Higher values for ciliate density, dry biomass, index of species diversity and concentration of particulate organic matter (POM) were associated with discharge peaks. Using the power model: y = axb ± c a significant positive correlation was found between POM and ciliate dry biomass (as dependent variables) and discharge (as independent variable). The ciliate drift constitutes 0.78% of the total annual POM transport. Depending on the discharge regime, the composition of ciliate drift reflects the temporal and structural changes in periphytic community. 相似文献
3.
Spatial patterns of planktonic ciliate communities for assessment of marine environmental status were studied from June 2007 to May 2008 in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, northern China. Ciliate communities were sampled biweekly at five sampling sites with a spatial gradient of environmental stress. Multivariate/univariate analyses demonstrated that: (1) the planktonic ciliate community structures represented significant differences among the five sites; (2) spatial patterns of the ciliate communities were significantly correlated with environmental variables, especially the nutrients nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and soluble reactive phosphates (SRP); (3) five dominant species (e.g., Rimostrombidium veniliae, Strombidium capitatum, Mesodinium pupula and Strombidinopsis acutum) were significantly correlated with nitrogen and/or SRP; and (4) both species richness and species diversity indices were correlated with NO3-N and salinity. These results suggest that planktonic ciliated protozoa might be used as a robust bioindicator of marine water quality. 相似文献
4.
Biomonitoring of coastal pollution status using protozoan communities with a modified PFU method 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Structural and functional parameters of protozoan communities were assessed as indicators of water quality in Korean coastal waters in the summer of 2000. A modified polyurethane foam unit (PFU) method, named the bottled PFU (BPFU) system, was used in order to carry out the bioassessment. Both parameters suggested that biomonitoring using the BPFU system was more effective than the conventional PFU method in offshore areas. The species number collected by the BPFU system generally decreased as pollution intensity increased at three main stations and was greater than that collected using the PFU method (paired t-test, t = 4.83, p < 0.0001). The Margalef diversity index coincided well with the water conditions. The diversity index values calculated from the BPFU system were also significantly higher than those from the PFU method (paired t-test, t = 5.37, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the functional parameters, i.e. S(eq),G and T90%, correlated with the pollution status and could thus clearly discriminate the different classes of water quality. 相似文献
5.
为了解向家坝水电工程对金沙江下游鱼类多样性的影响,基于2016—2018年邵女坪(库首)、绥江(库中)和桧溪(库尾)3个江段的鱼类群落调查数据,分析了向家坝库区鱼类物种、分类和功能多样性空间格局,结合蓄水前(2011年)和蓄水初期(2015年)的资料,探讨了蓄水后向家坝库区不同维度鱼类多样性的变化趋势。向家坝库区各江段以广适性的瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)和静水性的(Hemiculter leucisculus)占优势,两者的数量百分比分别为30.15%±14.82%和13.91%±11.16%。非度量多维尺度分析显示,蓄水后向家坝库区库首邵女坪和库中绥江鱼类群落差异最小,库首邵女坪和库尾桧溪鱼类群落差异最大;库中绥江在蓄水前、蓄水初期和2016—2018年3个时期的鱼类群落差异均较大,表明蓄水后绥江江段鱼类群落经历了剧烈变化。库区不同江段鱼类Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均表现为:桧溪>邵女坪>绥江,鱼类分类多样性指数和分类差异指数均表现为:桧溪>绥江>邵女坪。库区鱼类摄食、运动和繁殖等不同维度的功能多样性(功能丰富度、功能均匀度、功能离散度)空间格局不同,但总体上库中绥江鱼类功能丰富度最高,功能均匀度最低。与蓄水前相比,绥江江段鱼类物种、分类多样性呈下降趋势,鱼类功能丰富度和均匀度也有下降趋势。蓄水后绥江江段鱼类群落主要功能性状发生了明显变化,如蓄水前以下位口、纺锤形体型鱼类占优势,蓄水后以端位口、侧扁形体型鱼类占优势。不同维度多样性指数侧重于鱼类多样性的不同方面,结合多种指数分析有利于更全面地了解鱼类群落对环境变化和外界干扰的响应。研究结果有助于深入了解水电工程建设对金沙江下游鱼类多样性的影响,为鱼类多样性保护提供依据,也可为长江“十年禁渔”效果评估提供本底资料。 相似文献
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周期性水文节律是影响洪泛湖泊洲滩湿地植物群落物种组成与生物多样性的重要驱动力。本研究以鄱阳湖中低滩典型植物群落为研究对象,通过实地样方调查与统计方法分析植物群落的生物多样性格局及其关键环境因子。结果表明：鄱阳湖中低滩代表性群落分别是灰化薹草群落和虉草群落;植物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均值为1.5,Pielou均匀度指数均值为0.55,生物多样性与物种均匀度偏低。虉草群落的均匀度、多样性指数高于灰化薹草群落,但二者物种丰富度差异不明显。土壤铵态氮、总磷及土壤含水量和高程是影响植物群落结构与生物多样性的关键因子,其中灰化薹草的物种多样性与土壤铵态氮高度相关,而虉草的均匀度则与土壤总磷关系更密切。此外,鄱阳湖中低滩环境下,灰化薹草群落的均匀度随土壤总磷含量的升高呈现U型响应曲线,虉草则是倒U型,这表明,鄱阳湖中低滩环境下,灰化薹草群落和虉草群落生物多样性对单个、同一的环境因子存在不同的适应机制。 相似文献
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东江惠州河流段人工基质附着硅藻群落的季节性动态 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
硅藻群落结构特征是反映河流水生态状态的重要生物指标,但我国多数河流中还缺少硅藻种类组成与季节变化的基本数据.2010年用瓷砖片作为人工基质研究东江惠州河流段附着硅藻群落结构的季节性变化,共鉴定出附着硅藻40属153种(包括亚种和变种),主要的优势属有曲壳藻属(Achnanthidium)、异极藻属(Gomphonema)、直链藻属(Melosira)、舟形藻属(Navicula)、菱形藻属(Nitzschia)、脆杆藻属(Synedra)等.Gomphonema parvulum和Nitzschia palea为该河流段的广泛性藻种,且相对丰度的季节性变化明显.RDA分析表明,水温、DO、NH4+-N、PO34--P、电导率、pH值等对附着硅藻群落结构有重要影响.在丰水期,水量对于运动能力较强的N.palea的相对丰度具有明显的影响. 相似文献
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基于功能性状的生物多样性分析是当前生态学研究中的常用方法之一.浮游动物作为水生态系统食物网的重要组成成分,其功能多样性受关注的程度远不如其重要性.本文通过对14个水体浮游甲壳动物群落结构的研究,分析了环境因子对其功能多样性指数,包括功能丰富度(FRic)、功能均匀度(FEve)、功能离散度(FDiv)和功能分散度(FDis),以及功能群分布的影响.结果显示,亲缘关系近的物种(在分类学上相近)由于具有相似的功能性状,均很好地聚为一类.相关分析显示,FRic、FEve和FDiv与环境因子之间不存在显著的相关关系;FDis与总溶解性氮、总溶解性磷、氨氮和悬浮物C/P比存在显著的相关关系.回归分析发现,随着水体总溶解性磷浓度的上升,浮游甲壳动物的物种数表现出下降趋势,功能群数量、功能群Shannon-Wiener指数和FDis均显著下降;另外,FRic和FDis与功能群数量均呈显著正相关.这些结果表明水体富营养化能促进浮游甲壳动物群落功能性状的趋同,环境选择是群落结构变异的主要驱动力之一. 相似文献
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为了解不同农业施肥管理方式对水体浮游植物群落的影响,本研究以江苏句容戴庄有机示范村和常规农业管理区池塘浮游植物为对象,分析冬夏两季浮游植物群落特征及相关水环境因子.结果表明：冬季有机和常规农业区域的浮游植物分别检到7门95种和7门111种,夏季分别检到7门102种和6门112种,有机农业区浮游植物由冬季的隐藻-绿藻型向夏季的蓝藻-绿藻型变化,常规农业区从隐藻-绿藻型向蓝藻-硅藻型变化,蓝藻逐渐取代隐藻的优势地位.夏季各池塘浮游植物alpha多样性没有显著的区域差异,但冬季常规农业区浮游植物物种丰富度、蓝藻和裸藻的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著较高.指示物种分析显示,谷皮菱形藻（Nitzschia palea）和梅尼小环藻（Cyclotella meneghiniana）为有机农业区指示物种,而梭形裸藻（Euglena acus）、针形纤维藻（Ankistrodesmus acicularis）、肘状针杆藻（Synedra ulna）和狭形纤维藻（Ankistrodesmus angustus）为常规农业区指示物种,此6种藻为中、富营养化藻类,说明水体氮磷营养盐浓度较高,这与周围农田氮磷流失密切相关.Pearson相关性分析表明,有机农业区浮游植物alpha多样性与氮磷浓度的相关性不显著,但常规农业区浮游植物物种丰富度和Pielou均匀度与磷酸盐、总氮、氨氮和pH值显著相关.Mantel检验表明,有机农业区群落相异性仅在冬季受到总氮和氨氮的显著影响;而常规农业区在冬夏季受到氮磷两类营养盐的交替影响.本研究结果初步揭示了有机和常规农业区水体浮游植物群落结构特征及其影响因素,为区域水生生物多样性保护与稻田施肥管理的优化提供科学基础. 相似文献
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The effects of artificial ammonium enhancement on riverine periphytic diatom communities 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
An experiment to ascertain the influence of artificially enhanced ammonium concentrations on riverine periphytic diatom communities was conducted during an 80 day period in winter 1988/89 (temperature: 5°C). During an initial 47 day enrichment phase, ammonium chloride at different concentrations was added to O2-saturated river water in experimental channels. Compared to a control, the addition of 1.2 mg NH
4
+
-N·l–1 resulted in only slight changes in the species composition of the diatom community. The addition of 5.1 mg NH
4
+
-N·l–1 and more (60 µg NH3-N·l–1) resulted in a decrease in the biomass and a drastic change in the species composition. After the 42 day enrichment period, the diatom speciesFragilaria capucina var.vaucheriae, Navicula saprophila, Navicula atomus andGomphonema parvulum, all of which are known to be tolerant to organic pollution, were found with relative abundances of 44.8%, 35.6%, 2.3% and 1.5%, respectively. Changes in species composition of the periphytic diatom communities occurred within the first two weeks of the subsequent recovery phase. After a month of recovery, all periphytic diatom communities exhibited a high degree of structural similarity with the control. 相似文献
12.
广州市区越秀湖浮游纤毛虫群落的季节变化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从 1997年 4月到 1998年 3月之间 ,应用定性观察和定量分析的方法对广州市的城市湖泊——越秀湖进行了浮游纤毛虫群落的种类组成、群落的生物多样性、丰度、生物量、优势种的种群季节变化等群落结构参数进行了研究 .共发现了 76种浮游纤毛虫 ;最大丰度为 6 9.1×10 3 ind.· L-1;最大生物量为 7.16 mg· L-1;群落中的优势种为大弹跳虫 (H alteria grandinella)、尾毛虫 (Urotricha spp.)、尾侠盗虫 (Strobilidium caudatum)、小侠盗虫 (Strobilidium humile)和膜袋虫 (Cyclidium spp.) ;群落的生物多样性指数在 2 .4到 3.0之间 .分析了这个湖泊浮游纤毛虫群落结构参数的季节变化 .通过与文献报道的比较、分析 ,从纤毛虫的优势种、总丰度和生物量确定了该城市湖泊的富营养状况为重度富营养化 . 相似文献
13.
– Five aquatic ecosystems, Yamuna river, Krishna river Eastern Kalinadi, Kadrabad drain and Peacock lake have been studied with reference to diversity and physico-chemical characteristics and biological indices. – A list of species have been selected with reference to polluted, mildly polluted or unpolluted water conditions. Though it is difficult to call any species strictly indicator species, certain species of Bacillariophyceae, bottom biota and Entomostraca can be regarded as indicative species. – The quantitative distributions of the species of different groups have been analysed statistically. Margalef's Community Diversity Index (d), Shannon Weaver Function, coefficient of rank correlation and partial and multiple correlation coefficient were calculated as to find out the order of precedence in different taxonomical groups. – The linear regression against BOD and the whole biocenosis were calculated, which indicate the relation as diversity d=6.7854 –0.0080 BOD±0.9695 where r2= B=0.7365. Similarly, multiple linear regressions were also calculated using diversity against BOD, pH and temperature for each aquatic ecosystem. – All these observations indicate that diversity of organisms can be used to measure the water pollution intensity. 相似文献
14.
Plankton of the Baltic estuarine ecosystems with emphasis on Neva Estuary: a review of present knowledge and research perspectives 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Telesh IV 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(3):206-219
Different levels of eutrophication and pollution in the Baltic coastal waters in general, and in estuaries particularly define variations in the buffering capacity of ecosystems of these important filter zones between rivers and the adjacent Baltic Proper. Phyto- and zooplankton in the estuaries form important components of the pelagic food webs that participate in producing and structuring the matter, energy, and information fluxes in the ecosystems. Due to salinity gradients, estuaries provide a large variety of aquatic habitats for native populations of marine, brackish and fresh water plankton species. Non-indigenous planktonic species that expand their bio-geographical range and invade the Baltic coastal ecosystems also find favourable environments, establish permanent populations there, and impact aboriginal ecosystems. The dynamics of abundance, species diversity, population structure, productivity of planktonic communities, and peculiarities of trophic interactions in different Baltic estuaries are influenced by a number of common environmental factors. Being measured on the unified basis and monitored, changes (or stability) of structural and functional parameters of plankton communities can serve as indicators of alterations to the ecosystems. Comparative analyses and quantitative estimates of long-term changes in phyto- and zooplankton can contribute to evaluation of functional response of Baltic coastal ecosystems to anthropogenic stress. Both theoretical (modeling) and empirical studies of interactions within plankton communities aimed at the assessment of the role of planktonic organisms in water quality regulation, and applicability of these data for the evaluation of the status of ecosystems and their management can be considered as major goals for the future investigations in Baltic estuaries. 相似文献
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水位洪枯变化对菜子湖江湖过渡带鱼类物种和功能多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
水位的洪枯变化通过江湖连通影响泛滥平原湖泊鱼类的组成和分布,因而江湖过渡带是反映泛滥平原生态系统鱼类交流和多样性变动的关键区域.尽管如此,针对江湖过渡带鱼类群落随水位洪枯变化的研究十分匮乏.本研究以菜子湖江湖过渡带为例,分别在洪水和枯水期选取包括静水和流水生境的样点对鱼类群落进行系统的调查采样,探讨水位洪枯变化对菜子湖江湖过渡带鱼类物种和功能多样性的影响.共采集到鱼类6目12科37属52种,其中,洪水期和枯水期物种数差异显著,分别采集到鱼类50和42种,而静水生境和流水生境物种数差异不明显,分别采集到鱼类47和48种.与洪水期相比,枯水期山溪河流性鱼类的物种数、重量、尾数和优势度百分比分别减少了7.3%、6.3%、14.4%和12.0%;与静水生境相比,流水生境山溪河流性鱼类的物种数、重量、尾数和优势度百分比分别增加了5.3%、14.6%、18.0%和22.3%.SIMPER分析结果显示,麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora parva）、蛇鮈（Saurogobio dabryi）、（Hemiculter leucisculus）、鲤（Cyprinus carpio）、鲫（Carassius auratus）、短颌鲚（Coilia brachygnathus）、似鳊（Pseudobrama simoni）、翘嘴鲌（Culter ilishaeformis）、达氏鲌（Culter dabryi）、光唇蛇鮈（Saurogobio gymnocheilus）和无须鱊（Acheilognathus gracilis）是引起水位洪枯变化以及不同生境类型鱼类群落结构差异的主要物种.优势度分析结果表明枯水期和静水生境的优势种鱼类相似,重要值较高的优势种鱼类为鲤、鲫、和似鳊;而洪水期和流水生境的优势种鱼类同样相似,重要值较高的优势种鱼类为麦穗鱼、蛇鮈、光唇蛇鮈和短颌鲚.通过双因素方差分析解析了水位洪枯变化和不同生境类型对鱼类物种和功能多样性的影响.发现洪枯水位变化仅对物种多样性指数中的物种数（Richness）产生显著差异,而对功能多样性的3个指数（功能丰富度指数（FRic）、功能离散指数（FDiv）和功能分散指数（FDis））均有显著影响.洪水期鱼类的Richness、FRic、FDiv和FDis指数均显著高于枯水期.同时,静水生境条件下的FRic指数要显著高于流水生境.本研究发现,与传统的物种多样性相比,基于功能性状的功能多样性对水位的洪枯变动更为敏感,河流周期性洪泛是泛滥平原生态系统中鱼类功能补充的重要方式. 相似文献
17.
着生藻类一般生长位置相对稳定,其群落分布主要受环境因素的影响,同时,着生藻类还是重要的水环境指示生物.本研究对鄱阳湖丰水期5个典型湖区(主航道、西部湿地、南矶湿地、撮箕湖和东南湖汊)着生藻类的群落结构特征进行调查,包括生物量、优势种及生物多样性,分析影响着生藻类群落区域分布的环境因子,以期为鄱阳湖水环境保护和水资源合理利用提供基础资料.结果表明:鄱阳湖着生藻类群落以硅藻、绿藻和蓝藻为主;鄱阳湖着生藻类总生物量有着明显的区域差异:主航道区域的生物量相对最高,平均为419 mg/m^2;其次是东南湖汊,平均为322 mg/m^2;南矶湿地和西部湿地分别为172和52 mg/m^2;而撮箕湖的总生物量相对最低,为9 mg/m^2.主航道的着生藻类优势种群为绿藻和硅藻,西部湿地、南矶湿地、撮箕湖和东南湖汊4个区域的优势种群为硅藻.冗余分析结果显示鄱阳湖丰水期着生藻类群落分布与总磷、电导率、pH值、总氮、硝态氮和悬浮物等理化因子关系较为密切.鄱阳湖主航道与长江连通,水体流速高;西部湿地、南矶湿地、撮箕湖和东南湖汊为季节性连通湖泊,丰水季节与主湖区水体连为一体,枯水季节独立蓄水.5个湖区的区域差异是导致其着生藻类群落结构差异的重要原因之一.着生藻类的多样性指数分析表明鄱阳湖水体处于中度污染状态. 相似文献
18.
长江中下游安庆沿江湖泊湿地夏季鸟类多样性调查 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
湖泊湿地是鸟类的重要栖息地,湖泊湿地鸟类是湖泊生态系统重要的监测生物,湖泊湿地鸟类多样性及其影响因素的研究对湿地管理具有重要意义.2011年7-8月,采用样线法对长江中下游安庆沿江7个湖泊湿地的夏季鸟类资源进行了调查,以期为湖泊湿地资源管理提供依据.共记录到安庆沿江湖泊湿地鸟类14目35科82种,其中留鸟27种(占32.9%),夏候鸟37种(占45.1%);水鸟28种(占34.6%);肉食性、食虫和杂食性鸟类占多数,分别占30.5%、30.5%和23.2%;须浮鸥、夜鹭、丝光椋鸟、黑脸噪鹛、树麻雀、家燕等6种鸟类为优势种.物种数以黄大湖最高(50种),白荡湖和破罡湖最低(各28种);Shannon-Wiener指数以黄大湖最高(2.123),白荡湖最低(1.918);均匀度指数以龙感湖最高(0.865),菜子湖最低(0.739).进一步分析显示,鸟类物种数、多样性指数与湖泊面积呈显著正相关,鸟类物种数、多样性指数与干扰强度呈显著负相关.采取退田还湖、恢复湿地等途径增加湿地面积、生境类型和植被资源对于保护湖泊湿地的鸟类资源具有积极意义. 相似文献
19.
呼伦湖鱼类群落结构及其渔业资源变化 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
根据2014-2015年在呼伦湖进行的鱼类资源拖网调查,结合历年渔业捕捞资料,分析该水域的鱼类群落结构及渔业资源发展趋势.结果表明:本次调查共采获鱼类21种,隶属4目6科21属,其中鲤形目种类最多,占总数的81.0%;群落优势种为贝氏(Hemiculter bleekeri)、红鳍原鲌(Cultrichthys erythropterus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)和瓦氏雅罗鱼(Leuciscus waleckii),鱼类群落的丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度指数均偏低.东部、西部湖区间的鱼类群落组成存在一定差异,其中西部湖区的鱼类物种数量较少,但大中型鱼类比例及生物多样性较高.与历史资料相比,呼伦湖鱼类的物种数量下降,优势种组成发生较大变化,鱼类个体小型化趋势明显,而捕捞强度过大、湖泊富营养化加剧及气候水文条件变化是导致呼伦湖渔业资源衰退的主要因素. 相似文献
20.
《Limnologica》2014
Freshwater communities on remote oceanic islands can be depauperate due to the influence of biogeographic processes that operate over a range of spatial scales, influencing the colonization of organisms, and events that shape local freshwater assemblages. The consequences of this paucity in organism diversity for the functioning of these ecosystems are, however, not well understood.Here, we examine the relative decomposition rate of leaf litter of native vs. exotic origin by aquatic macroinvertebrates and microbial communities in an isolated and depauperate oceanic environment.Bags containing a standard amount of leaf litter of each of 10 tree species (5 native and 5 non-native species) were deployed on two streams. Two types of bags differing in mesh size were used to allow or prevent the access of leaf litter to macroinvertebrates, respectively. Over a period of 28 days, mass loss of leaf litter was similar in the two bag types suggesting that macroinvertebrates had little influence on the break down of leaf litter in this system. In addition, there was no difference in mass loss of leaf litter of native and exotic origin. Decomposition rates were highly species-specific suggesting that decomposition rates were related to inhibitory substance specific of each leaf species. Our results add to the wider literature by showing that in depauperate and isolated ecosystems, and in contrast to temperate continental ecosystems, decomposition of plant litter by aquatic macroinvertebrates is negligible. 相似文献