共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
1999年11月至2000年5月湟源地区发生自1959年有气象记录以来(41年)最严重的干旱,本文分析了该时段的异常气候特征,旨在使人们认清在退耕还林(草)工作中要充分掌握利用气候资源,在不利的气象因素影响中找出适宜开拓发展退耕还林还草的思路。 相似文献
2.
本文阐述了海东地区天然草场林木分布与气候条件的关系,分析了海东地区不同气候类型区种植林木(草)生存环境与生态效益。并提出了本区各地退耕还林(草)的建议。 相似文献
3.
4.
中国西部退耕还林(草)和沙漠化土地绿化的区域性气候效应 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
中国正在实施的西部大开发必将导致较大规模的土地利用和地表覆盖(LULC)变化,其中最重要的两类LULC变化是退耕还林(草)和沙漠化土地绿化工程。利用最新的全球地表特征资料数据库(GLCCD)识别以上两项生态建设工程的实施规模与范围,并以此更新了目前比较流行的区域气候模式的下边界条件,利用修正了的区域气候模式研究上述大规模LULC变化可能对中国区域性气候造成的影响。使用的卫星资源数据库是由美国地质测绘局(USGS)和Nebraska-Lincoln大学牵头,根据NOAA卫星的AVHRR资料、USGS掌握的高分辨率数字化地图,以及生态区划和植被分布等资料组建的。 相似文献
5.
使用卫星遥感解译结果和气象、水资源、污染资料,依据中国环境监测总站《生态环境质量评价方法及分级标准》,从生物丰度指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、土地退化指数和污染负荷指数五个方面,对1997年和2004年陕北地区28个县(区)生态环境质量进行了综合评价和对比分析。结果表明,该地区的生物丰度指数和植被覆盖指数有较大幅度提高,土地退化指数有所降低,近40%的地区生态环境质量指数Ieq(简称EQ I)增长率超过40%,年均增长率达到9%,表明陕北地区生态环境质量得到明显改善,退耕还林还草工程取得了明显成效。 相似文献
6.
陕北植被变化遥感监测及对径流的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
陕北北部是我国水土流失最为严重的地区,年输入黄河的泥沙量占全河的38%。1999年实施退耕还林草工程后,退耕还林草面积达9617.2 km2。利用1998-2004年NOAA卫星遥感资料,计算陕北北部地区归一化植被指数,发现陕北植被指数增幅在50%-200%之间,其中吴旗县增幅最大。对延安北部及榆林市1998-2004年降水量资料分析,得出植被指数增加是退耕还林草工程初见成效,不是由于降水变化引起的。利用1980-2004年吴旗县气象站观测的降水量和水文站所测径流量进行时间序列相关分析、典型年对比分析,得出该县植被变化对年径流量产生了影响,年径流量和泥沙量减少近一半,对保持水土有积极意义。 相似文献
7.
中国北方干旱化的几个问题 总被引：80，自引：15，他引：65
在对东北西部(主要是吉林西部)和内蒙古东部进行调研和考察的基础上,对我国北方干旱化和生存环境的现状、它们的社会经济影响以及人类活动在生态环境变化中的作用等问题进行了分析,得到如下结论:(1)北方干旱化形势严峻,生态环境仍在继续恶化;(2)不合理的人类活动对生态环境的破坏是加剧干旱化的一个主要因素;(3)位于气候和生态系统过渡带的半干旱区具有敏感性和可恢复性的双重特征,是干旱化研究的重点地区之一;(4)实施退耕还林还草和规划山川秀美的远景必须遵循生态规律;(5)有序人类活动是改善生态环境、防治北方干旱化和实现可持续发展的根本措施;(6)生态治理的有序人类活动与包产到户的土地承包政策之间存在矛盾;(7)必须正确处理生态治理的投入、经营和效益之间的关系. 相似文献
8.
9.
甘肃中部包括兰州、白银、定西、临夏及甘南等五地 (州市 )。该区为冬、春小麦混种区 ,冬小麦种植面积较小 ,主要分布在定西地区东南部、甘南的舟曲、迭部及临夏东乡县东南 ,种植面积不足1 0万ｈｍ2 。该区地形复杂 ,气候类型多样 ,大部分为旱作农业 ,干旱等各种自然灾害频繁 ,冬小麦产量低而不稳。了解和掌握冬小麦的生理特征和生态条件 ,根据气候资源的分布特点和冬小麦生产要求 ,提出生态气候适生种植区 ,为冬小麦布局、气候资源合理利用 ,和退耕还林、还草保护生态环境提供准确和科学的依据。1 冬小麦一般生态气候条件该区为冬小麦种植… 相似文献
10.
利用2001-2009年5—1O月EOS／MODIS数据,分析延安北部七县区退耕还林 (草)生态建设工程实施以来植被指数变化。结论表明：延安北部归一化植被指数NDVI整体上呈上升趋势,线性趋势为0．015 3,平均增加了0．16,最多的增加0．19,最低的也提高了0．14,增幅比较均匀。2009年与2001年NDVI差值在0．12以上的比例达88．6％,0．2以上所占比例为13．5％。延安植被覆盖度从2001年的35．3％增加到2009年的55．8％,增加了20个百分点,线性增长趋势为1．991 7,变化极为显著。叶面积指数由2001年的0．66增加到2009年的1．18,增加了近一倍。遥感监测图上延安北部植被指数明显高于周边地区,行政边界轮廓明显凸现。退耕还林后延安植被发生了明显变化。 相似文献
11.
Observation of organized structure in turbulent flow within and above a forest canopy 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
Ramp patterns of temperature and humidity occur coherently at several levels within and above a deciduous forest as shown by data gathered with up to seven triaxial sonic anemometer/thermometers and three Lyman-alpha hygrometers at an experimental site in Ontario, Canada. The ramps appear most clearly in the middle and upper portion of the forest. Time/height cross-sections of scalar contours and velocity vectors, developed from both single events and ensemble averages of several events, portray details of the flow structures associated with the scalar ramps. Near the top of the forest they are composed of a weak ejecting motion transporting warm and/or moist air out of the forest followed by strong sweeps of cool and/or dry air penetrating into the canopy. The sweep is separated from the ejecting air by a sharp scalar microfront. At approximately twice the height of the forest, ejections and sweeps are of about equal strength.In the middle and upper parts of the canopy, sweeps conduct a large proportion of the overall transfer between the forest and the lower atmosphere, with a lesser contribution from ejections. Ejections become equally important aloft. During one 30-min run, identified structures were responsible for more than 75% of the total fluxes of heat and momentum at mid-canopy height. Near the canopy top, the transition from ejection of slow moving fluid to sweep bringing fast moving air from above is very rapid but, at both higher and lower levels, brief periods of upward momentum transfer occur at or immediately before the microfront. 相似文献
12.
全球变暖对甘肃省经济、社会和生态环境的影响及其对策 总被引：15，自引：7，他引：8
根据相关资料,分析了全球变暖的事实以及在全球变暖的大背景下对甘肃省生态环境和社会、经济的影响,并提出了应对气候变化、实现可持续发展的对策。这些对策对甘肃省而言,归纳起来主要是两个问题：一是用好水、管好水、节约用水,开发利用祁连山空中云水资源,实施人工增雨(雪);二是沙的问题。关键是遏制沙漠化进程,使用“区域气候—生态模式”,根据各地的地形、地貌、气候、水文、土壤等生态环境,定量计算各地林、草种植的品种、布局、走向、承载力,以提出恢复植被的最优方案。 相似文献
13.
14.
从历史时期森林变迁,林业与气候、经济林果适宜种植区、草场与气候、卫星遥感技术应用和森林防火服务方面综合了甘肃省关于林草科学研究和业务的进展,可供西北大开发参考。 相似文献
15.
Impacts of Climate Change on the Global Forest Sector 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
John Perez-Garcia Linda A. Joyce A. David Mcguire Xiangming Xiao 《Climatic change》2002,54(4):439-461
The path and magnitude of future anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide will likely influence changes in climate that may impact the global forest sector. These responses in the global forest sector may have implications for international efforts to stabilize the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. This study takes a step toward including the role of global forest sector in integrated assessments of the global carbon cycle by linking global models of climate dynamics, ecosystem processes and forest economics to assess the potential responses of the global forest sector to different levels of greenhouse gas emissions. We utilize three climate scenarios and two economic scenarios to represent a range of greenhouse gas emissions and economic behavior. At the end of the analysis period (2040), the potential responses in regional forest growing stock simulated by the global ecosystem model range from decreases and increases for the low emissions climate scenario to increases in all regions for the high emissions climate scenario. The changes in vegetation are used to adjust timber supply in the softwood and hardwood sectors of the economic model. In general, the global changes in welfare are positive, but small across all scenarios. At the regional level, the changes in welfare can be large and either negative or positive. Markets and trade in forest products play important roles in whether a region realizes any gains associated with climate change. In general, regions with the lowest wood fiber production cost are able to expand harvests. Trade in forest products leads to lower prices elsewhere. The low-cost regions expand market shares and force higher-cost regions to decrease their harvests. Trade produces different economic gains and losses across the globe even though, globally, economic welfare increases. The results of this study indicate that assumptions within alternative climate scenarios and about trade in forest products are important factors that strongly influence the effects of climate change on the global forest sector. 相似文献
16.
Key factors affecting the future provision of tree-based forest ecosystem goods and services 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The continuous provisioning of forest ecosystem goods and services (EGS) is of considerable interest to society. To provide insights on how much EGS provision will change with a changing climate and which factors will influence this change the most, we simulated forest stands on six climatically different sites in Central Europe under several scenarios of species diversity, management, and climate change. We evaluated the influence of these factors on the provision of a range of tree-based EGS, represented by harvested basal area, total biomass, stand diversity, and productivity. The most influential factor was species diversity, with diverse forest stands showing a lower sensitivity to climate change than monocultures. Management mainly influenced biomass, with the most intensively managed stands retaining more of their original biomass than others. All three climate-change scenarios yielded very similar results. We showed that (1) only few factor combinations perform worse under climate-change conditions than others, (2) diversity aspects are important for adaptive management measures, but for some indicators, management may be more important than diversity, and (3) at locations subject to increasing drought, the future provision of EGS may decrease regardless of the factor combination. This quantitative evaluation of the influence of different factors on changes in the provision of forest EGS with climate change represents an important step towards the design of more focused adaptation strategies and highlights key factors that should be considered in simulation studies under climate change. 相似文献
17.
甘肃永登强对流云的雷达气候学特征分析 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
利用甘肃永登19年(1971—1985年,1999—2003年)的雷达回波资料,分析了强对流云回波形成及分布特征与甘肃永登地区特殊地形的关系;强对流天气大尺度天气背景和相应的强对流雷达回波的移动、高度、强度和回波谱等特征。结果表明,该区的特殊地形造成气流阻挡并使其折转汇合、垂直运动剧烈加速,使得对流云迅速发展,这是该区对流云形成和分布的决定因素;高空天气形势和对流云结构制约了对流云雷达回波的移动和基本特征。雹云回波谱表明,雹暴对流活动一般均处于旺盛状态,强回波高度和其所处的云内温度是形成雹云的重要条件。 相似文献
18.
Some simplified dynamic models of grass field ecosystem are developed and investigated. The maximum simpli-fied one consists of two variables, living grass biomass and soil wetness. The analyses of such models show that there exists only desert regime without grasses if the precipitation p is less than a critical value pc; the grass biomass continuously depends on p if the interaction between grass biomass and the soil wetness is weak, but the strong interaction results in the bifurcation of grass biomass in the vicinity of pc; the grass biomass is rich as p > pc, but it becomes desertification as p < pc. Periodic solutions also exist in the model, if the seasonal cycle of model’s parameters is introduced. An improved model consists of three variables, i.e. the living grass biomass x, the nonliving grass biomass accumulated on the ground surface y and the soil wetness z. The behaviours of such three variables model are more complicated. The initial values of y and z play a very important role. 相似文献