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1.
针对广东省辖区内的国家气象观测站、区域气象观测站、水文雨量站等3类地面自动气象站观测资料，基于广东省长时间序列气象要素及站网分布特征研发了实时质量控制系统，实时生成了质控后订正数据集，并以数据接口的方式提供数据产品的读取。该系统针对疑误数据，通过短信告警的方式实现具有针对性的设备状态监控维护提醒。系统开展业务试运行后，广东省自动气象站数据质量改善明显。  相似文献   

2.
陈皎 《贵州气象》2013,37(1):53-55
该文根据对重庆市34个区县气象局、上海浦东新区气象局、云南普洱澜沧县气象局2011年区域自动气象站维护维修工作管理模式、人员、费用、资金渠道等情况的调查结果,以及对重庆市移动公司的维护维修服务外包模式的调研,详细分析了目前全市区域自动气象站技术保障工作存在的问题,并结合上海浦东新区气象局区域自动气象站社会化保障以及重庆市移动公司基站维护维修服务外包的成功经验,提出以"来源于社会,服务于社会"的工作思路,充分利用社会丰富的人力、物力等资源服务于全市气象装备技术保障工作,以适应在新形势下保障全市区域自动气象站的长效运转,为完善全市装备技术保障体系提供相应的参考。  相似文献   

3.
正1引言近年来,中国气象局为省级计量部门提供了与自动气象站相适应的计量标准和辅助设备,这些设备均有自控化的通信接口,为实现微机自动控制这些设备有了可能,但缺少相应的计量检定软件和应用平台,仍难以实现自动气象站传感器的自动检定,需对现有的计量检定系统做进一步完善、创新和拓展,建立现代化的省级自动气象站计量检定系统。在中国气象局和省局的大力支持下,引进了3MS省级气象计量检定业务系统,配备了先进的  相似文献   

4.
为验证西北区域各省（区）气象计量检定机构的检定能力,2014年宁夏气象计量检定所作为主导实验室组织开展温度、湿度、气压3个要素量值比对工作。比对采用圆环形路线,比对样品选用自动气象站传感器。参比实验室按照规定的比对方案对比对样品进行比对实验及不确定度评定,主导实验室对比对数据进行汇总分析,采用归一化偏差方法分析评价比对结果。比对结果：温度与气压实验室比对结果满意,湿度实验室比对结果较满意。参比样品的比对数据真实,结果可信,较为客观地反映了西北区域各参比实验室的检定/校准水平及气象计量标准装置的现状,有效识别了参加量值比对实验室存在的问题,对促进实验室检定能力的提高具有重要意义。  相似文献   

5.
探讨了有关自动气象站建设初期的技术保障机构和运行机制,保证其正常运行以及在建设过程中应注意的问题.对自动气象站初期的基础设施建设、通信传输、设备的计量以及使自动气象站有效运行提出了一些实用的方案.  相似文献   

6.
分析评价西北区域参加实验室比对的试验结果,及时发现问题并进行纠正,总结实施实验间比对工作的经验,提高实验室检定/校准能力和质量管理水平。参加比对的计量检定实验室分别对气压、温度、湿度、风速比对样品进行比对试验,用归一化偏差(En)进行统计分析。2011年西北区域气象计量检定的温度、湿度、气压实验室比对结果为满意,风速实验室比对结果为较满意。该次比对的实验数据客观、真实、可信,是对各参加比对实验室检定/校准能力的综合评价,较为客观地反映了各技术机构检定装置的测量能力、检定人员的技术水平以及西北区域气象计量标准装置的现状。  相似文献   

7.
自动站数据传输及组网   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
随着大气监测项目的实施,自动气象站将成为黑龙江省现代气象观测的主要手段。它的应用改变了已往人工观测的业务模式,提高了气象观测时间与空间的密度,为更加迅速、准确、有效地提供气象保障与服务,打下了良好的基础。1自动气象站数据传输及组网概况自动气象站组网是通过建立一个中心站,利用通信网络和组网软件,把某一地区范围内分布的自动气象站所采集的各种气象资料传输到中心站,并提供对自动气象站的远程监控功能。一个完整的自动站网由一个中心站及其下属自动气象站共同构成。中心站通过其业务通信网络自动定时收集下属各自动气象站的实…  相似文献   

8.
校准是目前国际上广泛使用的一种计量方法，简单地说，就是应用科学的方法通过实验操作来确定仪器或量具的示值误差，其作用是让仪器使用者知道仪器准不准、差多少、能不能用。2004年山西省气象仪器计量所在自动站校准过程中有些项目传感器超过校准方法误差范围，按《自动气象站校准方法》技术要求，超差仪器是不能继续使用的，有没有一种途径或办法让这些超差仪器恢复其正常性能，本文将对此做初步探讨。  相似文献   

9.
随着气象现代化建设的快速发展，原有的气象技术装备保障体系难以适应新形势、新业务的问题日益突出，突出表现在保障体系建设滞后、保障业务能力不高、研发与能力储备不足、保障管理手段落后等问题，特别是随着气象技术装备自动化程度越来越高，技术装备保障队伍越来越不适应现代化气象观测系统要求。因此要加强建设国家级牵头，省级为主体的技术保障体系，区域中心要发挥区域协调作用，发挥地市一级的作用。在建设中要明确技术保障管理层面与技术保障业务层面的关系；针对不同气象设备和技术要求，采取不同的分层保障方式；加强信息化建设，提高技术保障的科技含量；以我为主开展气象技术装备保障；技术保障要体现超前性与全程性；技术指导和维护维修要体现分级性，高度重视气象装备日常维护工作。同时在思想观念、业务分工、研究型业务等方面开展进一步的思考。  相似文献   

10.
截至11月底，自治区气象局已建成区域自动气象站509个，单要素站44个、两要素站385个、四要素站以上站80个。通过区域自动站网建设，使自治区地面气象观测能力明显提升，在2007年汛期服务和自治区成立60周年大庆气象保障服务中，全部区域自动站实行5分钟加密观测，提供了大量的实时气象观测数据，在气象服务中发挥了重要作用。  相似文献   

11.
1引言目前,对云内粒子荷电的成因机制和分布还没有公认的理论。对雷电的成因有以下几种假说[1]。感应起电是最早提出的雷暴起电理论之一。该理论认为,在电场强度方向朝下的晴天电场中,云质粒和降水质粒(固态、液态)都会被极化,使粒子上半部带负电,下半部带正电。这一效应可引起不同的起电过程。  相似文献   

12.
1引言人工影响天气(以下简称人影,但专有名称除外)是指为避免或者减轻气象灾害,合理利用气候资源,在适当条件下通过科技手段对局部大气的物理过程进行人为影响,实现增雨(雪)、防雹、防霜、消雨、消雾等目的的活动[1]。人影工作是气象防灾减灾、服务地方经济建设和社会发展的重要科技手段之一。人影地面作业使用高炮、火箭,从地基对空中云体发射炮弹、火箭弹实施催化影响,如因作业装备质量瑕疵或操作不慎、储运不当等,出现作业安全事故就会危及空中飞行器、地面人员和财产的安全;使用飞机在空中对云体实施催化影响,如稍有疏忽就会发生安全事故。  相似文献   

13.
Atmospheric boundary layer research at Cabauw   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
At Cabauw, The Netherlands, a 213 m high mast specifically built for meteorological research has been operational since 1973. Its site, construction, instrumentation and observation programs are reviewed. Regarding analysis of the boundary layer at Cabauw, the following subjects are discussed:
  • - terrain roughness;
  • - Monin-Obukhov theory in practice;
  • - the structure of stable boundary layers;
  • - observed evolution of fog layers;
  • - inversion rise and early morning entrainment;
  • - use of the geostrophic wind as a predictor for wind profiles;
  • - height variation of wind climate statistics;
  • - air pollution applications: long range transport and short range dispersion;
  • - dependence of sound wave propagation on boundary-layer structure;
  • - testing of weather and climate models.
    •   相似文献   

    14.
    大气气溶胶吸收系数的测量   总被引：9，自引：4，他引：9  
    栾胜基  毛节泰 《气象学报》1986,44(3):321-327
    本文讨论了大气气溶胶吸收系数的测量,并介绍了我系根据毛玻璃屏积分法设计的测量系统。根据在北京中关村地区取样观测的结果,在采暖期,气溶胶吸收系数变化于10~(-3)—10~(-4)m~(-1)之间,而在非采暖期,其值约为10~(-4)m~(-1)量级。若利用当量碳的概念,则在采暖期当量碳浓度占气溶胶总浓度的50—60％,而在非采暖期,其比例为30—37％。  相似文献   

    15.
    A high resolution global model of the terrestrial biosphere is developed to estimate changes in nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from 1860–1990. The model is driven by four anthropogenic perturbations, including land use change and nitrogen inputs from fertilizer, livestock manure, and atmospheric deposition of fossil fuel NO x . Global soil nitrogen mineralization, volatilization, and leaching fluxes are estimated by the model and converted to N2O emissions based on broad assumptions about their associated N2O yields. From 1860–1990, global N2O emissions associated with soil nitrogen mineralization are estimated to have decreased slightly from 5.9 to 5.7 Tg N/yr, due mainly to land clearing, while N2O emissions associated with volatilization and leaching of excess mineral nitrogen are estimated to have increased sharply from 0.45 to 3.3 Tg N/yr, due to all four anthropogenic perturbations. Taking into account the impact of each perturbation on soil nitrogen mineralization and on volatilization and leaching of excess mineral nitrogen, global 1990 N2O emissions of 1.4, 0.7, 0.4 and 0.08 Tg N/yr are attributed to fertilizer, livestock manure, land clearing and atmospheric deposition of fossil fuel NO x , respectively. Consideration of both the short and long-term fates of fertilizer nitrogen indicates that the N2O/fertilizer-N yield may be 2% or more.C. NBM Definitions AET mon (cm H2O) = monthly actual evapotranspiration - AET ann (cm H2O) = annual actual evapotranspiration - age h (years) = stand age of herbaceous biomass - age w (years) = stand age of woody biomass - atmblc (gC/m2/month) = net flux of CO2 from grid - biotoc (gC/g biomass) = 0.50 = convert g biomass to g C - beff h = 0.8 = fraction of cleared herbaceous litter that is burned - beff w = 0.4 = fraction of cleared woody litter that is burned - bfmin = 0.5 = fraction of burned N litter that is mineralized or converted to reactive gases which rapidly redeposit. Remainder assumed pyrodenitrified to N2. + N2O - bprob = probability that burned litter will be burned - burn h (gC/m2/month) = herbaceous litter burned after land clearing - burn w (gC/m2/month) = woody litter burned after land clearing - cbiomsh (gC/m2) = C herbaceous biomass pool - cbiomsw (gC/m2) = C woody biomass pool - clear (gC/m2/month) = woody litter C removed by land clearing - clearn (gN/m2/month) = woody litter N removed by land clearing - cldh (month–1) = herbaceous litter decomposition coefficient - cldw (month–1) = woody litter decomposition coefficient - clittrh (gC/m2) = C herbaceous litter pool - clittrw (gC/m2) = C woody litter pool - clph (month–1) = herbaceous litter production coefficient - clpw (month–1) = woody litter production coefficient - cnrath (gC/gN) = C/N ratio in herbaceous phytomass - cnrats (gC/gN) = C/N ratio in soil organic matter - cnratt (gC/gN) = average C/N ratio in total phytomass - cnratw (gC/gN) = C/N ratio in woody phytomass - crod (month–1) = forest clearing coefficient - csocd (month–1) = actual soil organic matter decompostion coefficient - decmult decomposition coefficient multiplier; natural =1.0; agricultural =1.0 (1.2 in sensitivity test) - fertmin (gN/m2/month) = inorganic fertilizer input - fleach fraction of excess inorganic N that is leached - fligh (g Lignin/ g C) = lignin fraction of herbaceous litter C - fligw (g Lignin/ g C) = 0.3 = lignin fraction of woody litter C - fln2o = .01–.02 = fraction of leached N emitted as N2O - fnav = 0.95 = fraction of mineral N available to plants - fosdep (gN/m2/month) = wet and dry atmospheric deposition of fossil fuel NO x - fresph = 0.5 = fraction of herbaceous litter decomposition that goes to CO2 respiration - fresps = 0.51 + .068 * sand = fraction of soil organic matter decomposition that goes to CO2 respiration - frespw = 0.3 * (* see comments in Section 2.3 under decomposition) = fraction of woody litter decomposition that goes to CO2 respiration - fsoil = ratio of NPP measured on given FAO soil type to NPFmiami - fstruct = 0.15 + 0.018 * ligton = fraction of herbaceous litter going to structural/woody pool - fvn2o = .05–.10 = fraction of excess volatilized mineral N emitted as N2O - fvol = .02 = fraction of gross mineralization flux and excess mineral N volatilized - fyield ratio of total agricultural NPP in a given country in 1980 to total NPPmiami of all displaced natural grids in that country - gimmob h (gN/m2/month) = gross immobilization of inorganic N into microbial biomass due to decomposition of herbaceous litter - gimmob s (gN/m2/month) = gross immobilization of inorganic N into microbial biomass due to decomposition of soil organic matter - gimmob w (gN/m2/month) = gross immobilization of inorganic N into microbial biomass due to decomposition of woody litter - graze (gC/m2/month) = C herbaceous biomass grazed by livestock - grazen (gN/m2/month) = N herbaceous biomass grazed by livestock - growth h (gC/m2/month) = herbaceous litter incorporated into microbial biomass - growth w (gC/m2/month) = woody litter incorporated into microbial biomass - gromin h (gN/m2/month) = gross N mineralization due to decomposition and burning of herbaceous litter - gromin s (gN/m2/month) = gross N mineralization due to decomposition of soil organic matter - gromin w (gN/m2/month) = gross N mineralization due to decomposition and burning of woody litter - herb herbaceous fraction by weight of total biomass - leach (gN/m2/month) = leaching (& volatilization) losses of excess inorganic N - ligton (g lignin-C/gN) = lignin/N ratio in fresh herbaceous litter - LP h (gC/m2/month)= C herbaceous litter production - LP (gC/m2/month) = C woody litter production - LPN h (gN/m2/month) = N herbaceous litter production - LPN W (gN/m2/month) = N woody litter production - manco2 (gC/m2/month) = grazed C respired by livestock - manlit (gC/m2/month) = C manure input (feces + urine) - n2oint (gN/m2/month) = intercept of N2O flux vs gromin regression - n2oleach (gN/m2/month) = N2O flux associated with leaching and volatilization of excess inorganic N - n2onat (gN/m2/month) = natural N2O flux from soils - n2oslope slope of N2O flux vs gromin regression - nbiomsh (gN/m2) = N herbaceous biomass pool - nbiomsw (gN/m2) = N woody biomass pool - nfix (gN/m2/month) = N2 fixation + natural atmospheric deposition - nlittrh (gN/m2) = N herbaceous litter pool - nlittrw (gN/m2) = N woody litter pool - nmanlit (gN/m2/month) = organic N manure input (feces) - nmanmin (gN/m2/month) = inorganic N manure input (urine) - nmin (gN/m2) = inorganic N pool - NPP acth (gC/m2/month)= actual herbaceous net primary productivity - NPP actw (gC/m2/month) = actual woody net primary productivity - nvol (gN/m2/month) = volatilization losses from inorganic N pool - plntnav (gN/m2/month)= mineral N available to plants - plntup h (gN/m2/month) = inorganic N incorporated into herbaceous biomass - plntup w (gN/m2/month) = inorganic N incorporated into woody biomass - precip ann (mm) = mean annual precipitation - precip mon (mm) = mean monthly precipitation - pyroden h (gN/m2/month) = burned herbaceous litter N that is pyrodenitrified to N2 - pyroden w (gN/m2/month) = burned woody litter N that is pyrodenitrified to N2 - recyc fraction of N that is retranslocated before senescence - resp h (gC/m2/month) = herbaceous litter CO2 respiration - resp s (gC/m2/month) = soil organic carbon CO2 respiration - resp w (gC/m2/month) = woody litter CO2 respiration - sand sand fraction of soil - satrat ratio of maximum NPP to N-limited NPP - soiloc (gC/m2) = soil organic C pool - soilon (gN/m2) = soil organic N pool - temp ann (°C) = mean annual temperature - temp mon (°C) = mean monthly temperature Now at the NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado.  相似文献   

    16.
    A Forest SO2 Absorption Model (ForSAM) was developed to simulate (1) SO2 plume dispersion from an emission source, (2) subsequent SO2 absorption by coniferous forests growing downwind from the source. There are three modules: (1) a buoyancy module, (2) a dispersion module, and (3) a foliar absorption module. These modules were used to calculate hourly abovecanopy SO2 concentrations and in-canopy deposition velocities, as well as daily amounts of SO2 absorbed by the forest canopy for downwind distances to 42 km. Model performance testing was done with meteorological data (including ambient SO2 concentrations) collected at various locations downwind from a coal-burning power generator at Grand Lake in central New Brunswick, Canada. Annual SO2 emissions from this facility amounted to about 30,000 tonnes. Calculated SO2 concentrations were similar to those obtained in the field. Calculated SO2 deposition velocities generally agreed with published values.Notation c air parcel cooling parameter (non-dimensional) - E foliar absorption quotient (non-dimensional) - f areal fraction of foliage free from water (non-dimensional) - f w SO2 content of air parcel - h height of the surface layer (m) - H height of the convective mixing layer (m) - H stack stack height (m) - k time level - k drag coefficient of drag on the air parcel (non-dimensional) - K z eddy viscosity coefficient for SO2 (m2·s–1) - L Monin-Obukhov length scale (m) - L A single-sided leaf area index (LAI) - n degree-of-sky cloudiness (non-dimensional) - N number of parcels released with every puff (non-dimensional) - PAR photosynthetically active radiation (W m–2) - Q emission rate (kg s–2) - r b diffusive boundary-layer resistance (s m–1) - r c canopy resistance (s m–1) - r cuticle cuticular resistance (s m–1) - r m mesophyllic resistance (s m–1) - r s stomatal resistance (s m–1) - r exit smokestack exit radius (m) - R normally distributed random variable with mean of zero and variance of t (s) - u * frictional velocity scale, (m s–1) - v lateral wind vector (m s–1) - v d SO2 dry deposition velocity (m s–1) - VCD water vapour deficit (mb) - z can mean tree height (m) - Z zenith position of the sun (deg) - environmental lapse rate (°C m–1) - dry adiabatic lapse rate (0.00986°C m–1) - von Kármán's constant (0.04) - B vertical velocities initiated by buoyancy (m s–1) - canopy extinction coefficient (non-dimensional) - ()a denotes ambient conditions - ()can denotes conditions at the top of the forest canopy - ()h denotes conditions at the top of the surface layer - ()H denotes conditions at the top of the mixed layer - ()s denotes conditions at the canopy surface - ()p denotes conditions of the air parcels  相似文献   

    17.
    This paper discusses the measurement of the absorption coefficient of atmospheric aerosols and its measuring system based on the principle of integrating plate. Measurements in Beijing show that the absorption coefficient of atmospheric aerosols in the heating period varies in a range of 10-3 to 10-4 m-1 and in the non-heating period, its values are near 10-4m-1.  相似文献   

    18.
    Evapotranspiration is a major component of both the energy and water balances of wetland tundra environments during the thaw season. Reliable estimates of evapotranspiration are required in the analysis of climatological and hydrological processes occurring within a wetland and in interfacing the surface climate with atmospheric processes. Where direct measurements are unavailable, models designed to accurately predict evapotranspiration for a particular wetland are used.This paper evaluates the performance, sensitivity and limitations of three physically-based, one-dimensional models in the simulation of evaporation from a wetland sedge tundra in the Hudson Bay Lowland near Churchill, Manitoba. The surface of the study site consists of near-saturated peat soil with a sparse sedge canopy and a constantly varying coverage of standing water. Measured evaporation used the Bowen ratio energy balance approach, to which the model results were compared. The comparisons were conducted with hourly and daily simulations.The three models are the Penman-Monteith model, the Shuttleworth-Wallace sparse canopy model and a modified Penman-Monteith model which is weighted for surface area of the evaporation sources.Results from the study suggest that the weighted Penman-Monteith model has the highest potential for use as a predictive tool. In all three cases, the importance of accurately measuring the surface area of each evaporation source is recognized. The difficulty in determining a representative surface resistance for each source and the associated problems in modelling without it are discussed.

    List of Symbols

    Models BREB Bowen ratio energy balance - P-M Penman-Monteith combination - S-W Shuttleworth-Wallace combination - W-P-M Weighted Penman-Monteith combination Other AE Available energy-all surfaces - AE c Available energy-canopy (S-W, W-P-M) - AE s Available energy-bare soil (S-W, W-P-M) - AE w Available energy-open water (W-P-M) - C p Specific heat of air - D Vapor pressure deficit - DAI Dead area index - FAI Foliage area index - LAI Leaf area index - Q * Net radiation - Q e Latent heat flux-total - Q ec Latent heat flux-canopy (S-W, W-P-M) - Q es Latent heat flux-bare soil (S-W, W-P-M) - Q ew Latent heat flux-open water (W-P-M) - Q g ground heat flux - Q h Sensible heat flux - S Proportion of area in bare soil - W Proportion of surface in open water - r a Aerodynamic resistance (P-M, W-P-M) - r c Canopy resistance - r s Generalized optimized surface resistance - r st Stomatal resistance - r c a Bulk boundary layer resistance (S-W) - r s a Aerodynamic resistance below mean canopy level (S-W) - r s s Soil surface resistance (S-W, W-P-M) Greek Bowen ratio - Psychrometer constant - Air density - Slope of saturation vapour pressure vs temperature curve  相似文献   

    19.
    A two dimensional model has been set up to investigate the circulation induced by an urban heat island in the absence of synoptic winds. The boundary conditions need to be formulated carefully and due to difficulties arising here, we restrict our attention to cases of initially stable thermal stratification. Heat island circulations are allowed to develop from rest and prior to the appearance of the final symmetric double cell pattern, a transitional multi-cell pattern is observed in some cases. The influence on the steady state circulation of various parameters is studied, among which are eddy transfer coefficients, the heat island intensity, the initial temperature stratification and the heat island size. Some results are presented for a case in which differential surface cooling beneath an initially stable atmosphere produces a circulation and an unstable layer capped by an elevated inversion over the city. It is hoped that this case is vaguely representative of the night-time heat island with no geostrophic wind.Notation cp Specific heat at constant pressure - g Acceleration due to gravity - H Top of integration region - Kz Vertical eddy transfer coefficient - Kx, KxH, Kxm Horizontal eddy transfer coefficients for heat and momentum - l ixing length - p Pressure - p0 Reference surface pressure (1000 mb) - PH (x, t) Pressure at z = H - R Specific gas constant for dry air - t Time - u, w Horizontal and vertical velocities - x, z Horizontal and vertical coordinates - x1, x2 Positions of discontinuities in surface temperature field (see Figure 2) - xa Heat island half-width - xb Boundary of integration region - Parameter in formula for eddy coefficients (variable-K case) = 18.0 - s Intensity of heat island - Potential temperature field - Reference absolute temperature (variable-K case) - r Reference temperature (° C) - s Surface temperature - Q Air density  相似文献   

    20.
    Summary The effect of clouds on longwave radiation budget at the top and base of the atmosphere is studied by using the HIRS2/MSU-retrieved temperature and humidity fields, and cloud fields and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project-produced fields. Detailed studies are carried out at four selected sites: one at Equatorial Eastern Pacific (ITCZ) area, one at Libyan Desert (Libya), one at Ottawa, Montreal (Ottawa), and one at central Europe (Europe). The monthly mean differences in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) (the ISCCP-based OLR minus the HIRS2-based OLR), ranging from –2.8 Wm–2 at ITCZ to –15.4 Wm–2 at Ottawa, are less than the monthly mean differences in surface downward flux, ranging from –2.7 Wm–2 at Libya to 40.6 Wm–2 at the ITCZ. The large differences in surface downward flux are mainly due to large differences in cloud amount and moisture in the low levels of the atmosphere.Monthly mean OLR and surface downward flux can be derived either (1) from instantaneous temperature, humidity, and cloud fields over a month period or (2) from monthly mean temperature, humidity, and cloud fields. The monthly mean OLR and surface downward flux derived from the first approach is compared with the second. The differences in OLR are small, ranging from –0.05 Wm–2 to 6.2 Wm–2, and the differences in surface downward flux is also small, ranging from 0.4 Wm–2 to 6.4 Wm–2.List of Acronyms AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution radiometer - ERB Earth Radiation Budget - ERBE Earth Radiation Budget Experiment - FGGE First Global GARP Experiment - GARP Global Atmospheric Research Program - GCM General Circulation Model - GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies - GLA Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres - GMS Geostationary Meteorological Satellite - GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite - HIRS2 High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder/2 - ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project - IR Infrared - MSU Microwave Sounding Unit - NFOV Narrow Field of View - NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - NESDIS National Environmental Satellite Data Information Service - TOVS TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder With 4 Figures  相似文献   

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