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1.
《贵州气象》2020,(4)
取2018年9月上旬逐日和部分分钟湿度,用现用湿度传感器去核查未校准的备用湿度传感器;取2018年9月下旬逐日和部分小时、分钟湿度,用2018年9月18日刚校准的备用湿度传感器去核查现用湿度传感器,采用现用与备用传感器湿度差是否在最大允许误差范围内的评判方法。结果发现:①在日湿度的核查中,双套湿度传感器均保持在校准状态或出厂合格状态;②在分湿度的核查中,备用湿度传感器在上升中,升不到高湿或慢了,未保持在出厂合格状态;②在时、分湿度的核查中,现用湿度传感器在高湿往下降时,慢了,未保持在校准状态。自动气象站各传感器的期间核查,根据需要做日、时和分钟等各时段的统计分析;现用与备用湿度传感器都是卡在"高湿","一个下不来"、"一个上不去",要考虑传感器的灵敏度。 相似文献
2.
3.
针对HMP45D型温湿度传感器在中、高湿校准点出现超过最大允许误差的现象,在剖析湿敏电容结构的基础上,发现基本是因电极污染所致。除进行电路调整外,采用有效的处理方法对其进行清洁,使大部分复检的湿度传感器误差控制在允许范围内。 相似文献
4.
为评估湿度传感器计量业务质量,提高HMT333温湿度变送器（以下简称温湿度变送器）湿度测量结果的可信度。依据JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》和JJG(气象)003-2011《自动气象站湿度传感器检定规程》,对温湿度变送器各检定点湿度示值误差进行测量不确定度的分析与评定。评定得出温湿变送器湿度测量误差的扩展不确定度最大值为1.0%RH。为温湿度变送器测量结果的可靠性提供了依据,确保其量值溯源的准确可靠。 相似文献
5.
在实际观测工作时偶遇以下情况 :0 8时湿球温度正常 ,但 14时却明显偏高 ,而 2 0时后又恢复正常。经认真检查分析 ,发现是由于湿球纱布包扎不当———湿球球部下端的纱布扎得过紧所致。白天温度高 ,湿度小 ,蒸发快 ,湿球表面所需的水分大。而由于纱布扎得过紧 ,水杯里的水不能正常地传送到湿球表面纱布上 ,造成湿球球部水分供应不足 ,使其数值偏高而失真。夜间由于温度下降 ,湿度增大 ,蒸发较慢 ,湿球表面所需水分减少 ,因此湿球示值又恢复正常。因此 ,在更换湿球纱布时 ,应严格按照《规范》规定的办法操作。切记 :要靠着球部扎好纱布 ,不宜… 相似文献
6.
SL3型雨量传感器示值误差测量不确定度评定方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于雨量传感器的检定方法,介绍了SL3型雨量传感器示值误差测量不确定度的评定方法。组建了测量模型,由测量不确定度传播定理,分析了雨量传感器示值误差测量不确定度的来源,根据不同的评定方法,对测量不确定度分量进行合理评定;结合实际工作,展示了SL3型雨量传感器示值误差测量不确定度的评定实例;分析了影响雨量传感器测量不确定度的主要因素。结果表明：雨量传感器示值误差的扩展不确定度U=01 mm（k=2）。其中,示值重复性引入的标准不确定度是影响测量不确定度的主要因素,其次是雨量传感器的分辨力和计数装置分辨力引入的标准不确定度,全自动雨量校准仪模拟雨强精度偏差引入的标准不确定度影响最小。 相似文献
7.
选取湖北省自动观测记录较长的38个站作为被检站,每个被检站选取3个邻近站,统计相对湿度、水汽压序列与邻近站的相关系数、平均值及方差变化情况,分析由人工观测改变为自动气象站观测后,两者存在的差异,并对其中4个国家基准气候站2003—2011年自动观测和同期人工观测进行对比,得到这4个站9年内每次更换温湿度传感器对相对湿度、水汽压记录的影响情况。结果表明:对比自动观测与人工观测两个序列,被检站与对应邻近站的相对湿度、水汽压的相关系数呈减小趋势,两种观测差值的平均值和方差差异显著;温湿度传感器的更换易产生相对湿度和水汽压记录的跳变;温湿度传感器的检定示值误差是加剧自动观测与人工观测序列显著差异的重要因素;改进观测方法,完善自动气象站检定规程,是自动观测与人工观测序列均一性的重要保证。 相似文献
8.
1设备问题处理部分观测项目不正常时,应先观察同类数据是否正常(温度、湿度、气压传感器采集的是模拟信号,风速、风向和雨量传感器采集的是数字信号)。可初步判断是采集器故障还是传感器或是传输故障。再检查外转接盒片选和防雷接地。最后,在线、离线测试传感器。1.1地温不正常 相似文献
9.
通过改进湿度传感器温湿特性实验室测试方法,对国产GPS探空系统和RS92探空仪湿度传感器的温湿特性进行了测试分析.结果表明:国产电子探空仪的湿度传感器在低温状态下探测滞后性明显,给高空湿度的动态测量带来了较大误差,尤其是在低温升湿过程测量比低温降湿过程更为显著.试验还表明环境空气流量的变化会对湿度的测量造成明显的影响,结果有助于改进探空仪湿度传感器测湿算法和防雨帽工艺设计,提高高空湿度测量能力. 相似文献
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The kinetics of the aqueous phase reactions of NO3 radicals with HCOOH/HCOO– and CH3COOH/CH3COO– have been investigated using a laser photolysis/long-path laser absorption technique. NO3 was produced via excimer laser photolysis of peroxodisulfate anions (S2O
8
2–
) at 351 nm followed by the reactions of sulfate radicals (SO
4
–
) with excess nitrate. The time-resolved detection of NO3 was achieved by long-path laser absorption at 632.8 nm. For the reactions of NO3 with formic acid (1) and formate (2) rate coefficients ofk
1=(3.3±1.0)×105 l mol–1 s–1 andk
2=(5.0±0.4)×107 l mol–1 s–1 were found atT=298 K andI=0.19 mol/l. The following Arrhenius expressions were derived:k
1(T)=(3.4±0.3)×1010 exp[–(3400±600)/T] l mol–1 s–1 andk
2(T)=(8.2±0.8)×1010 exp[–(2200±700)/T] l mol–1 s–1. The rate coefficients for the reactions of NO3 with acetic acid (3) and acetate (4) atT=298 K andI=0.19 mol/l were determined as:k
3=(1.3±0.3)×104 l mol–1 s–1 andk
4=(2.3±0.4)×106 l mol–1 s–1. The temperature dependences for these reactions are described by:k
3(T)=(4.9±0.5)×109 exp[–(3800±700)/T] l mol–1 s–1 andk
4(T)=(1.0±0.2)×1012 exp[–(3800±1200)/T] l mol–1 s–1. The differences in reactivity of the anions HCOO– and CH3COO– compared to their corresponding acids HCOOH and CH3COOH are explained by the higher reactivity of NO3 in charge transfer processes compared to H atom abstraction. From a comparison of NO3 reactions with various droplets constituents it is concluded that the reaction of NO3 with HCOO– may present a dominant loss reaction of NO3 in atmospheric droplets. 相似文献
14.
K. Zeller 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1950,2(4):401-403
Zusammenfassung A. undE. Vassy haben in der Frage der Temperatur-abhängigkeit des Ozongehalts der Atmosphäre aus der Gleichung loge
n
–logJ
n
logK(T
n
) geschlossen, daß auch die Gleichung loge
n
logJ
n
+logK(T
n
) gültig sei. Es wird hier nun gezeigt, daß die bei der ersten Gleichung erlaubten Vernachlässigungen bei der zweiten zu großen Fehlern führen können und daß daher von A. undE. Vassy kein Beweis für die Richtigkeit der Beziehunge=J.K(T) erbracht ist.
Summary In the question of temperature dependence of ozone content of the atmosphere A. andE. Vassy have concluded from the equation loge n –logJ n logK(T n ) that also the formula loge n logJ n +logK(T n ) must be valid. In this paper it is proved that the neglections which may be admitted for the first equation, can conduct to great errors. Therefore A. andE. Vassy have not produced a proof for the correctness of the equatione=J.K(T).
Résumé A. etE. Vassy en étuidant le problème de la teneur de l'ozone atmosphérique en relation avec la température ont admis que l'équation loge n –logJ n logK(T n ) entraînait aussi la relation loge n logJ n +logK(T n ). On montre ici que les simplifications admises pour la première équation conduisent pour l'application de la seconde à de fortes erreurs, et que par conséquent ces auteurs n'ont pas fourni de preuve de la justesse de la relatione=J.K(T).相似文献
15.
Precipitation samples were collected by filtrating bulk sampler in Kitakyushu City, Japan, from January 1988 to December 1990. Volume weighted annual mean of pH was 4.93, but the pH distribution indicated that most probable value lay in the range pH 6.0–6.4. Volume weighted annual mean concentrations of major ionic components were as follows; SO
4
2–
: 84.2, NO
3
–
: 28.1, Cl–: 86.3, NH
4
+
: 45.5, Ca2+: 63.3, Mg2+: 27.0, K+: 3.4, Na+: 69.0 µ eq l–1. The highest concentrations of these ionic components were observed in winter and the lowest occurred in the rainy season. The ratio of ex-SO
4
2–
/NO
3
–
exhibited the lowest ratio in summer, and the highest ratio in winter. Good correlations were obtained between Cl– and Na+, ex-SO
4
2+
and ex-Ca2+, NO
3
–
and ex-Ca2+, and NH
4
+
and ex-SO
4
2–
, respectively. However, no correlation between Cl– and Na+ with Ca2+ was observed. The relationship of H+ with (ex-SO
4
2–
+ NO
3
–
) - (ex-Ca2+ + NH
4
+
) indicated positive correlation. 相似文献
16.
Summary ?Above orographically structured terrain considerable differences of the regional wind field may be identified during large-scale
extreme wind events. So far, these regional differences could not be resolved by climate models. To determine the relationships
between large-scale atmospheric conditions, the influence of orography, and the regional wind field, data measured in the
upper Rhine valley within the framework of the REKLIP Regional Climate Project were analyzed and calculations were made using
the KAMM mesoscale model. In the area of the upper Rhine valley, ratios of the wind velocity in the Rhine valley at 10 m above
ground level, νval, and the large-scale flow velocity, νlar, are between νval/νlar ≈ 0.1 and νval/νlar ≈ 1. The νval/νlar ratio exhibits a strong dependence on thermal stratification, δ, and decreases from νval/νlar ≈ 1 at δ = 0 K m−1 to νval/νlar ≈ 0.2 at δ = 0.0075 K m−1. In areas, where the lateral mountainous border of the Rhine valley is interrupted, the νval/νlar ratio increases again with increasing stability or decreasing Froude number. This is obviously due to flow around the Black
Forest under stable stratification. It is demonstrated by model calculations that a complex wind field develops in the Rhine
valley at small Froude numbers (Fr < 1) irrespective of the direction of large-scale flow. The νval/νlar ratio is characterized by small values in the direct lee side (νval/νlar ≈ 0.2) and high values on the windward side of the lateral mountainous border of the Rhine valley (νval/νlar ≈ 0.8).
Received October 22, 2001; revised June 18, 2002; accepted June 23, 2002 相似文献
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18.
Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals, NO3 radicals and O3 with the C7-carbonyl compounds 4-methylenehex-5-enal [CH2=CHC(=CH2)CH2CH2CHO], (3Z)- and (3E)-4-methylhexa-3,5-dienal [CH2=CHC(CH3)=CHCH2CHO] and 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one, which are products of the atmospheric degradations of myrcene, Z- and E-ocimene and terpinolene, respectively, have been measured at 296 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure of air using relative rate methods. The rate constants obtained (in cm3 molecule–1 s–1 units) were: for 4-methylenehex-5-enal, (1.55 ± 0.15) × 10–10, (4.75 ± 0.35) × 10–13 and (1.46 ± 0.12) × 10–17 for the OH radical, NO3 radical and O3 reactions, respectively; for (3Z)-4-methylhexa-3,5-dienal: (1.61 ± 0.35) × 10–10, (2.17 ± 0.30) × 10–12, and (4.13 ± 0.81) × 10–17 for the OH radical, NO3 radical and O3 reactions, respectively; for (3E)-4-methylhexa-3,5-dienal: (2.52 ± 0.65) × 10–10, (1.75 ± 0.27) × 10–12, and (5.36 ± 0.28) × 10–17 for the OH radical, NO3 radical and O3 reactions, respectively; and for 4-methylcyclohex-3-en-1-one: (1.10 ± 0.19) × 10–10, (1.81 ± 0.35) × 10–12, and (6.98 ± 0.40) × 10–17 for the OH radical, NO3 radical and O3 reactions, respectively. These carbonyl compounds are all reactive in the troposphere, with daytime reaction with the OH radical and nighttime reaction with the NO3 radical being predicted to dominate as loss processes and with estimated lifetimes of about an hour or less. 相似文献
19.
Heinz Reuter 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1956,9(4):433-438
Zusammenfassung Eine Überprüfung der vonNamias abgeleiteten Formel zur Konstruktion sogenannter Trendkarten an Hand 20 ausgewählter Höhenkarten in der Zeit vom November 1955 bis Mai 1956 ergab eine vollkommene Bestätigung der vonNamias für Amerika angegebenen Korrelationskoeffizienten und des Faktors der entsprechenden Regressionsgleichung für den mitteleuropäischen Raum, obwohl die Untersuchungen sich auf die 850 mb-Topographie bezogen zum Unterschied vonNamias, der die 700 mb-Fläche zugrunde legte. Durch eine sinngemäße Kombination der in der synoptischen Praxis üblichen Konstruktionsmethode für 24 stündige Vorhersagekarten mit statistischen Überlegungen über die Abweichungen vom Normalwert gelingt die Ableitung einer Prognosenformel für eine dreitägige Mittelkarte, die als Grundlage für mittelfristige Wetterprognosen (Halbwochenprognosen) Verwendung findet. Die Formel weist gegenüber der Trendformel vonNamias den Vorteil auf, daß sie mit praktisch derselben Treffergenauigkeit einen wesentlich größeren Vorhersagezeitraum erfaßt.
Herrn Prof. Dr.H. Ficker zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献
Summary Using 20 different contour charts during the period from November 1955 to May 1956 the formula for the construction of socalled trendcharts, primarily derived byNamias, has been verified for Central Europe though the investigations were based upon data from the 850 mb-level instead of the 700 mb-level used byNamias. Through a combination of the synoptic method for construction of forecast maps 24 hours in advance with statistic considerations about the departure from normals a formula is finally derived for a forecast of a three day mean chart. This formula has been successfully used for an extended forecast half week in advance. The described method shows an essential improvement upon theNamias procedure since a much greater forecast period can be obtained with almost the same accuracy.
Résumé La formule établie parNamias en vue de construire les cartes d'évolution a fait l'objet d'un examen critique fondé sur la discussion de vingt cartes d'altitude de la période de novembre 1955 à mai 1956. Les valeurs des coefficients de corrélation données par cet auteur pour l'Amérique du Nord ainsi que le coefficient de l'équation de régression correspondante ont été confirmés pour l'espace européen, bien que les topographies étudieés n'aient pas été les mêmes (850 mb au lieu de 700 mb). Combinant les méthodes usuelles de construction des cartes de prévision de vingt-quatre heures à des critères statistiques d'écart à la normale, l'auteur établit une formule de prévision destinée à calculer une carte moyenne de trois jours servant de base à la prévision à moyenne échéance. Cette formule présente sur celle deNamias l'avantage d'atteindre une plus longue période de prévision avec une égale exactitude.
Herrn Prof. Dr.H. Ficker zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献
20.
F. Möller 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1954,7(1):158-169
Zusammenfassung Für eine Reihe von Atmosphärenmodellen, die untereinander gleiche Temperaturschichtung und konstante relative Feuchtigkeit, aber verschieden hohe Temperatur und Feuchtigkeit im festen Niveau haben, wird der NettostrahlungsstromE in 400 mb und am Boden durch Berechnungen in den bekannten Strahlungsdiagrammen bestimmt. Es läßt sich zeigen, daßE
400 (E
B
) als Funktion der Temperaturt
400 (t
B
) und der Feuchtigkeit bzw. des Taupunktes
400 (
B
) dargestellt werden kann [Abb. 1 und 3, Gl. (1) und (3)], ählich, wie das für die effektive Strahlung des BodensE
B
bereits früher durch die Formeln vonÅngström, Brunt u. a. geschehen ist. Wolkenschichten können durch Korrektionsfaktoren berücksichtigt werden. Die Abweichungen zwischen den so gewonnenen Strahlungssummen und den durch Planimetrieren im Strahlungsdiagramm berechneten sind im Durchschnitt kleiner als 3,5% (11%), für die Differenz E=E
400–E
B
sind sie kleiner als 6%.
Mit 4 Textabbildungen. 相似文献
Summary For a series of model atmospheres which have the same stratification of temperature and constant relative humidity but different temperatures and humidities at a fixed level, the net radiation fluxE at 400 mb and at the surface are determined by computations in the well known radiation charts. It is shown thatE 400 (E B ) can be represented as a function of the temperaturet 400 (t B ) and humidity resp. dew point 400 ( B ) [Fig. 1 and 3, formula (1) and (3)], in a similar manner as the outgoing radiationE B is already approximated by the formulae ofÅngström, Brunt, a. o. Cloud layers may be accounted for by correction factors. The differences between the radiation fluxes found in this way and those computed by integration in a radiation chart are in the average smaller than 3.5% (11%); with E=E 400–E B , the differences are smaller than 6%.
Résumé Pour plusieurs modèles de l'atmosphère qui ont la même structure par rapport à la température et une humidité relative constante, mais à un niveau fixe des températures et humidités différentes, on calcule à l'aide de diagrammes de radiation connus le flux net de radiationE pour 400 mb et au sol. On peut montrer queE 400 (E B ) peut être représenté comme fonction de la températuret 400 (t B ) et de l'humidité, resp. du point de rosée 400 ( B ) [Fig. 1 et 3, formules (1) et (3)], tout comme cela a déjà été fait pour la radiation effective au solE B grâce aux formules d'Ångström, deBrunt et d'autres. Par un facteur de correction on tient compte des couches de nuages. Les écarts entre les sommes de radiation ainsi obtenues et celles calculées à l'aide des diagrammes de radiation sont en moyenne plus petits que 3,5% (11%), la différence E=E 400–E B ne dépasse pas 6%.
Mit 4 Textabbildungen. 相似文献