共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
不同类型的地理信息大数据蕴含了丰富的时空关系，反映个体或者群体时空事件之间的变化模式，在资源、环境、交通等领域的智慧应用中起到关键性作用。然而，地理信息大数据拥有的多尺度和多语义特性，在挖掘地理信息大数据的时空关系时会存在许多困难。如何有效地构建多尺度多语义时空关系，并直观地表达这些时空关系是一个重大挑战。本文设计了一种时空事件关系可视化分析框架，通过定义事件间时空关系的描述，设计了一种多视图协同的可视化分析方法，结合时空关系的可视化协同交互，实现地理信息大数据时空事件可视分析。基于时空轨迹数据，通过试验说明该方法可以探寻时空事件及背景间的时空关系，实现时空事件的交互可视分析。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
事件驱动的城市公共交通时空数据模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以模型驱动架构为理论基础,以事件驱动的方法进行面向对象的时空数据建模研究,建立城市公共交通领域的概念模型、静态结构模型、动态行为模型和时态行为模型,并结合软件模型实现时空数据面向对象的组织与操作。事件驱动的面向对象时空数据模型实现了关系数据库和对象关系型GIS平台下面向对象的数据建模,扩展空间对象的动态行为与时态行为特征,实现对复杂空间对象的操作并保证了其空间关系及时态一致性。本研究为行业空间数据建模提供理论和方法上的参考,通过在广州市公共交通规划管理地理信息系统中的应用对模型的实用性进行验证。 相似文献
5.
Urban sprawl has led to environmental problems and large losses of arable land in China. In this study, we monitor and model urban sprawl by means of a combination of remote sensing, geographical information system and spatial statistics. We use time-series data to explore the potential socio-economic driving forces behind urban sprawl, and spatial models in different scenarios to explore the spatio-temporal interactions. The methodology is applied to the city of Wuhan, China, for the period from 1990 to 2013. The results reveal that the built-up land has expanded and has dispersed in urban clusters. Population growth, and economic and transportation development are still the main causes of urban sprawl; however, when they have developed to certain levels, the area affected by construction in urban areas (Jian Cheng Qu (JCQ)) and the area of cultivated land (ACL) tend to be stable. Spatial regression models are shown to be superior to the traditional models. The interaction among districts with the same administrative status is stronger than if one of those neighbors is in the city center and the other in the suburban area. The expansion of urban built-up land is driven by the socio-economic development at the same period, and greatly influenced by its spatio-temporal neighbors. We conclude that the integration of remote sensing, a geographical information system, and spatial statistics offers an excellent opportunity to explore the spatio-temporal variation and interactions among the districts in the sprawling metropolitan areas. Relevant regulations to control the urban sprawl process are suggested accordingly. 相似文献
6.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(1):52-68
The conceptualization of spatio-temporal information is an interdisciplinary research area. The focus of this article is on human conceptualizations of spatio-temporal geographic phenomena (also referred to as events). Identifying and understanding human conceptualizations is a crucial component in defining the semantics of spatio-temporal information. However, most research focuses primarily on how humans imbue dynamic phenomena with meaning on a general level. In contrast, this article is concerned with contextual factors (specifically: individual differences) that are too often neglected in general theories and in the analysis of behavioral data. In other words, we are interested in individual or group strategies of participants that are not detected by classical analysis methods. Research on individual difference is gaining widespread attention in cognitive and spatial sciences and it is time to consider individual differences in the area of conceptualizing spatio-temporal information. To understand individual differences in behavioral data on how people conceptualize events, we have developed illustrative software and have combined them with established similarity measures. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, its usefulness in analyzing behavioral data, and results that can be obtained through this individualized analysis by reanalyzing four sets of experimental data we previously collected. 相似文献
7.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(4):315-318
Development of a temporal geographic information system (GIS) and spatio-temporal data modeling are key to incorporating time into geographic information science. This paper describes how to design and develop temporal GIS that will work with spatio-temporal data represented in various data models, and it introduces a prototype temporal GIS with a case study. In temporal GIS, the integration of multiple spatio-temporal representations is based on common spatial and temporal reference systems. In other words, a map window of temporal GIS visualizes spatio-temporal data valid at the same time within one spatial area. To achieve such visualization, separate data editing and query modules are required for each spatio-temporal data model (STDM). In the temporal query interface, after a user specifies a time, the system automatically hires correspondent modules to retrieve spatio-temporal data valid at that time. Besides temporal queries common to all STDMs, each module may provide additional temporal query capabilities specific to that STDM. In the case study, I implement a prototype temporal GIS for three STDMs. The examples of query and visualization, which use three datasets (census data, land use/land cover, and elevation data) demonstrate the prototype temporal GIS can integrate multiple temporal representations. 相似文献
8.
Remote sensing is a useful tool for monitoring changes in land cover over time. The accuracy of such time-series analyses has hitherto only been assessed using confusion matrices. The matrix allows global measures of user, producer and overall accuracies to be generated, but lacks consideration of any spatial aspects of accuracy. It is well known that land cover errors are typically spatially auto-correlated and can have a distinct spatial distribution. As yet little work has considered the temporal dimension and investigated the persistence or errors in both geographic and temporal dimensions. Spatio-temporal errors can have a profound impact on both change detection and on environmental monitoring and modelling activities using land cover data. This study investigated methods for describing the spatio-temporal characteristics of classification accuracy. Annual thematic maps were created using a random forest classification of MODIS data over the Jakarta metropolitan areas for the period of 2001–2013. A logistic geographically weighted model was used to estimate annual spatial measures of user, producer and overall accuracies. A principal component analysis was then used to extract summaries of the multi-temporal accuracy. The results showed how the spatial distribution of user and producer accuracy varied over space and time, and overall spatial variance was confirmed by the principal component analysis. The results indicated that areas of homogeneous land cover were mapped with relatively high accuracy and low variability, and areas of mixed land cover with the opposite characteristics. A multi-temporal spatial approach to accuracy is shown to provide more informative measures of accuracy, allowing map producers and users to evaluate time series thematic maps more comprehensively than a standard confusion matrix approach. The need to identify suitable properties for a temporal kernel are discussed. 相似文献
9.
地理实体作为时空信息云平台的基础数据,在城市信息化建设中发挥了重要作用,是智慧城市的重要组成部分.以地理实体为基础,可有效整合地理实体相关的专题数据,实现城市数据的一体化管理,形成时空信息云平台的资源服务体系.本文主要研究地理实体的数据获取、组织、更新、融合和智能化应用方面的内容,并以智慧柳州时空信息云平台为例,阐述地理实体在时空信息云平台建设和应用中的作用. 相似文献
10.
时空数据模型是数据库和时空数据分析研究热点之一。由于时空数据变化类型多、分析计算复杂及应用范围广,一种观点认为建立通用的时空数据模型具有高度复杂性。本文针对地表覆盖变化时空数据建库和时空分析应用需求,提出了基于对象和快照的混合时空数据模型。该模型用面向对象描述地表覆盖的斑块对象时空过程,组织管理斑块对象时空事件和空间、属性信息,同时用快照描述地表覆盖整体时空分布,组织管理栅格快照,两者通过基于时间和空间位置的逻辑关联关系形成混合模型。模型在表达对象自身变化的时空事件类型基础上,增加了不同分类对象之间互相转变的时空事件表达。该模型既可以用于对地表覆盖历史观测数据组织存储建库,又可以用于支持时空统计分析、时空演变模拟和时空数据挖掘。通过对黑龙江地区地表覆盖时空数据建库、查询检索、整体格局演变分析和斑块变化时空过程检索与表达的试验,验证了模型的有效性。 相似文献
11.
The adoption of new cropping practices such as integrated Crop-Livestock systems (iCL) aims at improving the land use sustainability of the agricultural sector in the Brazilian Amazon. The emergence of such integrated systems, based on crop and pasture rotations over and within years, challenges the remote sensing community who needs to implement accurate and efficient methods to process satellite image time series (SITS) in order to come up with a monitoring protocol. These methods generally include a SITS preprocessing step which can be time consuming. The aim of this study is to assess the importance of preprocessing operations such as temporal smoothing and computation of phenological metrics on the mapping of main cropping systems (i.e. pasture, single cropping, double cropping and iCL), with a special emphasis on the iCL class. The study area is located in the state of Mato Grosso, an important producer of agriculture commodities located in the Southern Brazilian Amazon. SITS were composed of a set of 16-day composites of MODIS Vegetation Indices (MOD13Q1 product) covering a one year period between 2014 and 2015. Two widely used classifiers, i.e. Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were tested using five data sets issued from a same SITS but with different preprocessing levels: (i) raw NDVI; (ii) raw NDVI + raw EVI; (iii) smoothed NDVI; (iv) NDVI-derived phenometrics; (v) raw NDVI + phenometrics. Both RF and SVM classification results showed that the “raw NDVI + raw EVI” data set achieved the highest performance (RF OA = 0.96, RF Kappa = 0.94, SVM OA = 0.95, SVM Kappa = 0.93), followed closely by the “raw NDVI” and the “raw NDVI + phenometrics” datasets. The “NDVI-derived phenometrics” alone achieved the lowest accuracies (RF OA = 0.58 and SVM OA = 0.66). Considering that the implementation of preprocessing steps is computationally expensive and does not provide significant gains in terms of classification accuracy, we recommend to use raw vegetation indices for mapping cropping practices in Mato Grosso, including the integrated Crop-Livestock systems. 相似文献
12.
基于GlobeLand30的全球城乡建设用地空间分布与变化统计分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
城乡建设用地分布与变化是人类活动的直观标志和生态足迹,在环境变化研究、地理国(世)情监测和可持续发展研究等方面发挥着重要作用。以往人们对一些城市、区域或国家的城乡建设用地分布与变化进行过较为深入系统的研究,但在全球尺度上,这方面研究尚为空白。本文是利用我国自主研制的世界上首套30m空间分辨率全球地表覆盖数据集GlobeLand30的人造地表数据层,首次开展了全球城乡建设用地的空间分布及变化的统计分析。它采用用地面积、构成占比和增量占比等主要指标,统计全球范围内城乡建设用地的空间分布及2000年至2010年10年间的变化,重点分析了2010年全球、各大洲及主要国家的城乡建设用地分布现状与地域差异,2000年至2010年全球、主要国家的建设用地变化以及其主要土地来源。研究结果表明,2010年全球城乡建设用地总面积为118.75×104km2,占全球陆表面积的0.88%;2000年至2010年全球城乡建设用地面积增加了5.74×104 km2,变化率为5.08%,其中,中国和美国新增城乡建设用地约占全球的一半;新增城乡建设用地占用最多的是耕地,占总量的50.26%。这些为研究全球陆表人类活动的空间分布特征与变化趋势提供了翔实的信息和知识。 相似文献
13.
面向过程的时空数据模型研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据近20年来时空数据模型的研究现状、存在问题及其原因剖析,以连续渐变地理实体的表达、组织和存储为研究对象,提出面向过程的时空数据模型。根据连续渐变地理实体的内在特性,将其分级抽象为过程对象系列,进一步探讨过程对象及过程对象间逻辑关系,并设计其UML模型结构及物理存储结构。通过抽象的过程对象隐式地记录地理实体动态变化机制,及自定义的过程对象存储表提供演变机制的函数接口模式,实现连续渐变地理实体的过程化组织、存储与动态分析。最后,以海洋数据的过程化组织与分析为例,构建时空过程模型原型系统(海洋过程对象—关系数据库系统与功能分析平台),验证和评价该模型的实用性。 相似文献
14.
本文基于综合指数法构建生态脆弱性模型,借助质心迁移、趋势分析对锡林郭勒近20年生态脆弱性的时空演变进行了分析,并探究了自然因素和社会因素对生态脆弱性的驱动影响及时空分异特征。结果表明:①时间上,锡林郭勒生态脆弱性整体有所改善、分区特征显著。矿区、牧区生态治理成效显著;农业区生态脆弱性出现退化,需加强治理。②空间上,锡林郭勒生态脆弱性呈阶梯式分布,生态脆弱性质心逐渐向东偏移。西部地区生态脆弱性持续改善;中、东部地区生态脆弱性相对平稳,局部地区出现退化。③自然因素对空间尺度下的生态脆弱性主导特征显著,社会因素对时间尺度下的生态脆弱性主导特征逐渐增强。 相似文献
15.
Recent technical advances in remote sensing data capture and spatial resolution lead to a widening gap between increasing data availability on the one hand and insufficient methodology for semi-automated image data processing and interpretation on the other hand. At the interface of GIS and remote sensing, object-based image analysis methodologies are one possible approach to close this gap. With this, methods from either side are integrated to use both the capabilities of information extraction from image data and the power to perform spatial analysis on derived polygon data. However, dealing with image objects from various sources and in different scales implies combining data with inconsistent boundaries. A landscape interpretation support tool (LIST) is introduced which seeks to investigate and quantify spatial relationships among image objects stemming from different sources by using the concept of spatial coincidence. Moreover, considering different categories of object fate, LIST enables a change categorization for each polygon of a time series of classifications. The application of LIST is illustrated by two case-studies, using Landsat TM and ETM as well as CIR aerial photographs: the first showing how the tool is used to perform object quantification and change analysis; the latter demonstrating how superior aggregation capabilities of the human brain can be combined with the fine spatial segmentation and classification. Possible fields of application are identified and limitations of the approach are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Geographic features change over time, this change being the result of some kind of event. Most database systems used in GIS are relational in nature, capturing change by exhaustively storing all versions of data, or updates replace previous versions. This stems from the inherent difficulty of modelling geographic objects and associated data in relational tables, and this is compounded when the necessary time dimension is introduced to represent how these objects evolve. This article describes an object‐oriented (OO) spatio‐temporal conceptual data model called the Feature Evolution Model (FEM), which can be used for the development of a spatio‐temporal database management system (STDBMS). Object versioning techniques developed in the fields of Computer Aided Design (CAD) and engineering design are utilized in the design. The model is defined using the Unified Modelling Language (UML), and exploits the expressiveness of OO technology by representing both geographic entities and events as objects. Further, the model overcomes the limitations inherent in relational approaches in representing aggregation of objects to form more complex, compound objects. A management object called the evolved feature maintains a temporally ordered list of references to features thus representing their evolution. The model is demonstrated by its application to road network data. 相似文献
17.
时空聚类分析是对时空大数据进行利用的一种有效手段,目前传统聚类算法存在着大规模分布数据难以处理,海量数据处理时间较长,确定参数困难,聚类质量较差等缺陷。因此,提出一种分布式增量聚类流程DICP,利用广域网分布增量聚类方法,避免大量数据的传输拷贝,有效提升聚类运算效率。对于DICP流程中的时空数据聚类算法本身,研究了一种大数据环境下的IMSTDCA时空数据聚类算法,借助密度聚类的思想,通过时空数据的聚集趋势预分析、时空数据聚类算法,以及时空数据聚类结果评价3个步骤完成聚类分析,实现时空大数据的快速高效信息挖掘。 相似文献
18.
本文首先结合社交媒体信息和温州市新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）发展态势，获取疫情传播先验知识，进一步采用DBSCAN自适应聚类算法，分析温州市COVID-19时空分布格局与演化规律。结果表明：①温州市COVID-19易在20~59岁的青壮年人群，以及商业服务人员、农民和工人人群间传播；②我国针对人口流动采取的系列措施能够有效遏制疫情进一步蔓延，使得温州市聚类空间簇数量在时间上呈现先增加后减小的趋势；③温州市鹿城区银泰商贸附近、乐清市南部和瑞安市西部具有疫情扩散高风险，后期需增强防控力度。本文细粒度地分析了温州市疫情时空演化过程，能够更好地辅助温州市政府部门更精细地部署疫情防控措施。 相似文献
19.
Advances in location modeling: GIS linkages and contributions 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Alan T. Murray 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2010,12(3):335-354
Geographic information systems (GIS) have matured and proven to be an enabling technology, one that is important to many disciplines.
Location analysis is also a field that has matured and continues to evolve. In fact, the combination of GIS and location science
is at the forefront of advances in spatial analysis capabilities, offering substantial potential for continued and sustained
theoretical and empirical evolution. This paper provides an overview of location analysis and discusses GIS. The paper highlights
how GIS has contributed to location science in terms of data input, visualization, problem solution and theoretical advances.
The significance of GIS in this context is that it is far more than a mere spatial data input mechanism, which is a commonly
held misconception within geography, operations research and other allied disciplines. In contrast to other reviews, the focus
in this paper is to highlight the theoretical foundations of location analysis and modeling and how GIS is contributing to
important advancements in this field. An overall contribution of the paper is providing a perspective on spatial analysis
and how associated specialty areas are evolving and thriving, particularly as a component of GIScience. 相似文献
20.
The dynamics of the earth and its inhabitants have become a core topic and focus in research in the spatial sciences. The spatio-temporal data avalanche challenges researchers to provide efficient and effective means to process spatio-temporal data. It is of vital importance to develop mechanisms that allow for the transition of data not only into information but also into knowledge. Knowledge representation techniques from artificial intelligence play an important role in laying the foundations for theories dealing with spatio-temporal data. Specifically, the advances in the area of qualitative spatial representation and reasoning (QSTR) have led to promising results. Categorical distinctions of spatio-temporal information identified by QSTR calculi potentially correspond to those relevant to humans. This article presents the first behavioral evaluation of qualitative calculi modeling geographic events associated with scaling deformations of entities, that is, changes in size by either expansion or contraction. Examples of such dynamics include a lake flooding its surroundings or an expanding oil spill in the ocean. We compare four experiments using four different semantic domains. Each domain consists of two spatially extended entities: one entity is undergoing scaling deformations while the other is static. We kept the formal QSTR characterization, which are paths through a topologically defined conceptual neighborhood graph, identical across all semantic domains. Our results show that for geographic events associated with scaling deformations (a) topological relations are not equally salient cognitively; (b) domain semantics has an influence on the conceptual salience of topological relations. 相似文献