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1.
为分析干旱区高盐度潜水蒸发规律,于2012年4月1日~2014年3月31日在新疆昌吉地下水均衡试验站开展了不同总溶解固体 (0.8 g/L、30 g/L和100 g/L)、不同包气带岩性(细砂和粉质黏土)和不同潜水埋深(0 m、0.5 m、1.0 m、2.0 m和3.0 m)潜水蒸发量的监测工作。结果表明:当潜水埋深大于0.5 m时,包气带岩性对高总溶解固体(Total Dissolved Solids, TDS)潜水蒸发量的影响与淡水基本一致;潜水埋深0.5 m、TDS为30 g/L时,包气带岩性的差异对潜水蒸发量的影响远小于由于潜水的TDS和外界大气蒸发能力对潜水蒸发共同造成的影响;潜水位埋深为0 m、TDS为100 g/L、包气带为粉质黏土时,年内潜水蒸发趋势与大气蒸发能力EΦ20的趋势相反;潜水埋深0.5~1.0 m时,在非冻结期随着TDS的升高,潜水蒸发量逐渐减小;当潜水埋深为3.0 m时,TDS的变化对潜水蒸发抑制作用存在滞后性。 相似文献
2.
Experimental study on unfrozen water content and soil matric potential of Qinghai-Tibetan silty clay 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Zhi Wen Wei Ma Wenjie Feng Yousheng Deng Dayan Wang Zhaosheng Fan Chenglin Zhou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(5):1467-1476
A new soil moisture content sensor coupled with a new matric potential sensor that can operate in the subfreezing environment was used to measure the moisture content and soil matric potential dynamics of Qinghai-Tibetan silty clay. Combined with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique and thermal resistor temperature probe, the characteristics of unfrozen water content and soil matric potential, and their relationships with temperature were analyzed. The results show that initial water content has an impact on the freezing point and unfrozen water content. The decrease in the initial water content results in a depression in the freezing point. The Qinghai-Tibetan silty clay has more similar unfrozen water content characteristic to clay than to silt. There is approximately 3% of unfrozen water content retained when the soil temperature drops to −15°C. The change of soil matric potential with temperature is similar to that of the unfrozen water content. The matric potential value of the saturated silty clay is approximately −200 kPa when the soil temperature drops to −20°C. The measured matric potentials are significantly lower than the calculated theoretical values based on the freezing point depression. Moisture migration experiment indicates that soil matric potential controls the direction of moisture movement and moisture redistribution (including ice and liquid water) during the soil freezing. 相似文献
3.
为研究滨海软土地层中联络通道冻结温度场的发展规律，以上海轨道交通15号线罗秀路站至百色路站区间联络通道为工程背景，对冻结帷幕厚度、平均温度及冻结过程进行分析，通过建立联络通道三维数值模型预测冻结温度场发展规律，并与实测温度数据进行分析验证。结果表明:地层中存在固有压力导致泄压孔含有初始压力值，埋设冻结管时注入大量水泥浆将抑制地层中水分迁移，减小冻结过程冻胀影响；冻结过程地层温度下降规律可分为温度快速下降、降温速度减小后增大、降温速度缓慢减小、温度稳定4个阶段；冻结帷幕内外侧发展速度比例为1.42︰1，灰色粉土比粉质黏土夹粉土冻结效果好，粉质黏土夹粉土发展速度为20.02 mm/d，灰色粉土发展速度为29.75 mm/d。 相似文献
4.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2003,21(4):423-429
In Saudi Arabia, coastal sabkhas cover extensive areas along the coasts of the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf in addition to the continental sabkhas scattered in many places inland. Al-Lith sabkha is one of the typical coastal sabkhas located along the Red Sea coast. Sabkhas, in general, pose a number of geotechnical problems and need to be carefully investigated before being urbanized.A generalized geologic section in Al-Lith sabkha indicates a salty crust at the surface followed by yellowish brown silt and silty sand, olive gray silt and sandy silt and bottomed by coralline reefal limestone. Within this succession, there are several isolated lenticular bodies of sandy silt, silty sand and shelly silty sand. The clay minerals constituting the fine-grained portion of the soil are, in decreasing order, kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite in addition to minor chlorite.The depth to groundwater in 17 observation wells ranged from 0.18 to 1.81 m with a maximum fluctuation of 0.60 m between summer and winter. The permeability of the top silt layer was found to be very low with an average of 5.4×10−4 m/day. A pumping test was performed in a deep well penetrating the coralline limestone. The measured permeability is 1.1×102 m/day and the estimated storage coefficient is 4×10−5.Soil water evaporation was measured using a lysimeter constructed with undisturbed soil samples having different depths to the water level. The rate of evaporation ranges from 2.8 to 27.8 ml/day decreasing with an increase in depth to the water level.Groundwater samples were analyzed for their major anions and cations. Salt concentrations show a general increase toward the sea except for the calcium and carbonates that show a landward increase. The groundwater could be classified as a Cl+SO4 brine. The salinity of the groundwater was determined at different depths in the pumping well and was found to be low in the top 4 m. It sharply increases until it reaches a value approximately 10 times the salinity of the top layer indicating groundwater intermixing with freshwater and salt-water intrusion. The change in the salinity during pumping was erratic but within a range of 2%. 相似文献
5.
A combined geophysical investigation consisting of vertical electrical sounding (VES) and multielectrode system was carried
out to map the subsurface resistivity in all major lakes which are highly polluted by the discharge of sewage and other chemical
effluents in greater Hyderabad, India. The structural features identified in the study area play a major role in groundwater
flow and storage. The interpretation of geophysical data and lithologs indicates that a silt/clay zone (predominantly silt)
has a thickness of 5–10 m all along the drainage from Patelcheruvu to the Musi River. The silt/clay zone inferred close to
the lakes is a mixture of clay, silt and sand with more silt content as indicated from the lithologs during drilling. The
low resistivity values obtained can be attributed to the pollutant accumulated in the silt which can reduce the resistivity
values. Further, the TDS of the water samples in these wells are more than 1,000 mg/l which further confirms the above scenario.
The pollution spread is less in the upstream areas whereas it is more in the downstream which can be attributed to the shallow
water table conditions and also due to the interaction of surface water and groundwater. 相似文献
6.
清江河天然气管道工程是在河床下穿越1500多米的Φ1016×26.2天然气钢管和Φ114硅管套管。该河为通航河道,河底地面高程最低-5.90m左右,最大水深6.0~8.6m。地层为填土、淤泥质粘粉土、淤泥质粉砂、粉质粘土夹粉砂细砂。施工中通过优化施工方案,针对导向孔轨迹控制、淤泥地层定向钻进纠偏、大口径扩孔清孔和长输大口径管道回拖采取了一些有效的技术措施,确保了工程一次性回拖成功。 相似文献
7.
In this paper, the plexiglass experimental column was used to analyze the capillary fringe thickness of three kinds of lithologies-silty sand, silt and silty clay-providing a basis for defining the interface in the study of hydrodynamics at the water table between vandose water and groundwater. The capillary fringe generally refers to the subsurface layer in which the groundwater seeps up to the air-entry suction value due to capillary action, and is nearly saturated with water. The thickness of the capillary fringe varies with different lithologies. In this experiment, self-made stable water supply devices were used to study the height of capillary rise, capillary water volume and capillary fringe thickness of the three lithologies through capillary experiment and numerical simulation. Experimental results show as follows:(1) Rising height of capillary water is related to time, particle radius, volume, etc., and the relationship between height and time is in line with the Hill model.(2) The smaller the particle radius, the more water the pores contain, and the ratio of the unsaturated portion of capillary water to the total water content gradually rises. Experimental results obtained by numerical simulation, segmentation and actual measurement are consistent.(3) The thickness of the capillary zone is related to the lithology. The larger the particle size, the smaller the thickness of the capillary fringe, and vice versa. In silty sand, the thickness measures about 13 cm. The figure rises to 16 cm in silt, and 37 cm in silty clay. This work studies the law of soil water transport at saturated-unsaturated interface. Experimental results are of great significance to the study of soil water and salt transport and soil salinization control in unsaturated zone. 相似文献
8.
陆面过程模式对不同土壤物理性质的敏感性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
使用NCAR陆面过程模式（LSM）和荷兰Cabauw1987的大气观测资料，考察了在11种不同的土壤条件下陆面过程模式所模拟的地表能量及水分循环的差异。结果表明，粘土含量较高的土壤具有较好的持水能力，蒸发量和径流量都比较大，而在含砂量高的土壤中，水分大量的下渗，蒸发量和径流量小，从而到地表热通量的分配，在不考虑大气反馈的情况下，各种土壤造成的差异主要出现在春季的4、5月份。 相似文献
9.
为研究土壤冻融过程中不同地下水位对土壤的补给规律,在室内进行了两组不同地下水边界条件下的土柱冻结试验: A组无地下水补给,土柱高度60cm;B组地下水维持在距土柱表层60cm深度处。土壤在冻结过程中水分及盐分均呈向上运移趋势,稳定浅地下水补给会加剧水分及盐分向上运移,造成上层土壤盐分的聚积,影响土壤剖面的热量平衡,引起剖面温度的重新分布,从而减缓冻结锋的推进速度。运用HYDRUS-1D冻融模块对不同地下水埋深（0.5m,1.0m,1.5m,2.0m,2.5m）情况下冻结过程中水分运移规律进行了模拟。模拟结果表明:累积补给量在埋深小于1.5 m时随埋深增加而有所增加,而当地下水埋深大于1.5 m时,累积补给量随着埋深增加而有所减小,甚至保持不变。 相似文献
10.
大气降雨是华北平原浅层地下水的主要补给来源。长期过量开采地下水造成地下水位持续下降,使原来处于饱水带的透镜体位移到包气带中,形成了厚度大、非均质性更为复杂的包气带。厚层包气带中弱渗透性黏土透镜体对于降雨入渗补给的影响是关系到降水入渗过程及补给量评价的基本问题。用HYDRUS软件建立数值模拟模型,模拟探讨单次降雨条件下,透镜体埋深、宽度比、厚度等要素对入渗路径、入渗补给时间和入渗补给量的影响。结果表明:入渗过程中弱渗透性黏土透镜体两侧会形成较快的绕流;透镜体会减小补给峰值并延长总体补给时间,但不改变补给起始时间;透镜体埋深与极限蒸发深度的相对关系决定了潜在补给量的大小,透镜体埋深或因透镜体形成的上层滞水处于极限蒸发深度以上会减少潜在补给量。 相似文献