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根据1900～2000年中国大陆、台湾及全球地层记录及前人的研究，论证了地层周期存在的可能性及形成机制。作者认为，是太阳活动、月球运动轨道及各行星运动轨道的周期性变化，通过磁力及万有引力改变地球内部物质的分布，从而引起地球自转速度的周期性变化，最终致使地展出现周期性的活跃期及平静期。 相似文献
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唐山及大同－阳高地震大地形变与重力前兆综合研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本大概还了近年来利用大地形变及重力复测资料研究唐山及大同－阳高地震的丰富成果，对这２次地震震前大地形变及重力前兆综合研究认为：震中区震前呈现闭锁状态；断层蠕滑及深部物质的运移，是震前的显著标志；地震成因的组合模式可以较好地解释唐山及大同一阳高地震的机制；跟踪监测形变场、重力场及断层活动时空演化特性，是利用大地形变及重力测量手段进行地震预测的基本出发点。 相似文献
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唐山及大同—阳高地震大地形变与重力前兆综合研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文概述了近年来利用大地形变及重力复测资料研究唐山及大同－阳高地震的丰富成果，对这２闪地震震前大地形变及重力前兆综合研究认为，震中区震前呈现闭锁状态，断层蠕滑及深部物质的运移是震前的显著标志；地震成因的组合模式可以较好地解释唐主大同－阳高地震的机制，跟踪监测形变场，重力场及断层活动时空演化特征，是利用大地形变及重力测量手段进行地震预报的基本出发点。 相似文献
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考虑供需随机性的道路交通系统震害引发损失期望评估 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
借鉴可靠度理论，通过震后交通需求及道路震后通行能力的随机性分析并考虑灾后不同阶段的交通供需特性，进行交通系统震后阻塞发生的概率分析及引发损失期望预测，从而为抗震加固决策及震后交通管理及修复提供依据。 相似文献
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裂缝参数及水平应力差异比(DHSR)的准确估测对于裂缝预测及水力压裂具有重要意义.扩展弹性阻抗是一种预测弹性参数及物性参数的有效方法,但其并未考虑各向异性的影响,本文将其推广到水平横向各向同性(HTI)介质中,提出一种基于扩展方位弹性阻抗的裂缝参数及DHSR预测方法.首先推导HTI介质中的扩展方位弹性阻抗方程及傅里叶系数方程,分析表明扩展方位弹性阻抗的二阶傅里叶系数与裂缝参数及DHSR相关性较好.其次,提出一种柯西稀疏约束和平滑模型约束正则化的贝叶斯地震反演来估测截距阻抗、梯度阻抗及曲率阻抗.最终,结合最优的旋转角和扩展方位弹性阻抗的二阶傅里叶系数实现裂缝参数及DHSR预测.模型测试和实际应用表明,该方法能够得到合理可靠的裂缝参数及DHSR预测结果,有助于指导裂缝发育区域及有利压裂区域的横向识别. 相似文献
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本文介绍用ＤｓＬ－３型地震记录仪、Ｒ４０型盒式磁带记录仪及ＰＣ－１５００计算机组成的人工地震或工程振动的测量及处理系统，文章主要介绍系统功能，硬件结构及处理方法．同时还给出了软件流程及应用实例． 相似文献
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L21雷电预警系统在呼和浩特基准地震台防雷击试运行发现,雷电到来发出预警并自动切换电源,对前兆设备防雷击起到关键作用,为替代人工断电措施提供安全保障,保证观测记录的正常运行。 相似文献
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主要介绍了对蓄电池进行定期维护及容量测定的一种控制器的研设过程。实践表明,该控制器配合充电器,可以实现对蓄电池进行放电、修复、估算容量、自动充电等功能,并可以为判断蓄电池是否达到报废程度提供重要依据。同时,减轻了维护人员的工作量,提高了工作效率。 相似文献
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For the activities of the mining industry land, equipment, material, and energy are used. During operation material and energy flows such as overburden, dead rock, tailings, wastewater, exhaust air, dust, energy, abrasion, coolant and lubricant losses, are released. These released material and energy flows are nearly always without value for the raw material supply chain as they are not production targets. Instead, they have negative effects on the economy and ecology and are, therefore, referred to as ‘non-intended’. The knowledge of the quantities and qualities of these non-intended outputs as a function of the processes and their parameters is the basis for technical and economical measures. A methodology for the acquisition and assessment of the material and energy flows in the mining industry was developed and tested at the Technical University Berlin, Germany. For that purpose and based on a system analysis in different mines, all relevant material and energy flows were assigned to individual processes. Causal relationships, possible interactions, quantities, and qualities were examined as functions of system parameters. Finally, a technical and economic evaluation was performed. 相似文献
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Silvia Maria Caglierani Casanova Eliana Aparecida Panarelli Raoul Henry 《Limnologica》2009,39(4):292-301
Rotifera density, biomass, and secondary production on two marginal lakes of Paranapanema River were compared after the recovery of hydrologic connectivity with the river (São Paulo State, Brazil). Daily samplings were performed in limnetic zone of both lakes during the rainy season immediately after lateral inflow of water and, in the dry period, six months after hydrologic connectivity recovery. In order to identify the factors that affect rotifer population dynamics, lake water level, volume, depth, temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, suspended solids, nutrients, and chlorophyll-a were determined. Variations of water physical and chemical factors that affect rotifer population were related to the lake-river degree of connection and to water level rising after drought. The water lateral inflow from the river resulted in an increase in lake water volume, depth, and transparency and a decrease in water pH, alkalinity, and suspended solids. The lake with the wider river connection, more frequent biota exchange, and larger amount of particulate and dissolved materials was richer and more diverse, while rotifer density, biomass, and productivity were lower in both periods studied. Density, biomass, and secondary production were higher in the lake with the smaller river connection and the higher physical and chemical stability. Our results show that the connectivity affects the limnological stability, associated to seasonality. Stable conditions, caused by low connectivity in dry periods, were related with high density, biomass and secondary production. Conversely, instability conditions in rainy periods were associated to elevated richness and diversity values, caused by exchange biota due to higher connectivity. 相似文献
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以福州市活断层信息管理系统为例,提出了城市活断层探测信息系统建设的目标,分析了以GIS技术为支持的、面向对象的设计方法及系统结构与功能。系统在局域网内采用C/S模式,在广域网中采用B/S模式,具有用户界面、应用程序和基础数据的3层结构。探测成果数据库按照分类、分层存贮,按专题组织查询的方式管理。城市活断层探测信息管理系统以活断层探测成果数据库为基础,空间分析为支撑,集地质、地球物理、地球化学、综合查询及专题分析应用为一体,具备活断层探测及分析研究成果分类与综合查询、展示、分析等功能,这一系统的建立可为活断层研究的定量化提供坚实的数据基础与技术平台,为城市规划、土地利用等防震减灾工作的开展提供科学依据 相似文献
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Stephen D. Sebestyen Nina K. Lany Daniel Tyler Roman Jacob M. Burdick Richard L. Kyllander Elon Sandy Verry Randall K. Kolka 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14092
The Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in northern Minnesota, USA, with hydrological research and monitoring of peatland catchments in a low-topographic relief landscape, contrasts with the mountainous terrain that typifies most research catchments. Six research catchments were instrumented and hydrological and meteorological monitoring was initiated during 1960. Paired-catchment studies, which started during 1969, have been used to assess land management and environmental change effects on forests, water availability, and biogeochemistry. Over the decades, the research and collaborations have proliferated to include new monitoring and ecosystem experiments. We provide an overview of available datasets and access information for hydrological and meteorological data. Data on streamflow, water table elevation, precipitation, snow, ground frost, air temperature, soil moisture, upland runoff, and water chemistry are discoverable with associated metadata and are archived through several Web-based, community repositories. The research programme is ongoing and we anticipate updates on an annual or more frequent basis. Additionally, we aim to release other physical, chemical, and isotopic measurements associated with long-term catchment monitoring and studies at the MEF. 相似文献
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We present in this note an innovative software environment, called Interactive Ground Water (IGW), for unified deterministic and stochastic ground water modeling. Based on efficient computational algorithms, IGW allows simulating three-dimensional (3D) unsteady flow and transport in saturated media subject to systematic and "random" stresses and geological and chemical heterogeneity. Adopting a new computing paradigm, IGW eliminates the fragmentation in the traditional modeling schemes and allows fully utilizing today's dramatically increased computing power. For many problems, IGW enables real-time modeling, visualization, mapping, and analysis. The software environment functions as a "numerical laboratory" in which an investigator may freely explore the following: creating visually an aquifer system of desired configurations, interactively applying stresses and boundary conditions, and then investigating and visualizing on the fly the geology and flow and transport dynamics. At any time, a researcher can pause to interact dynamically with virtually any aspects of the modeling process and then resume the integrated visual exploration; he or she can initiate, pause, or resume particle tracking, plume modeling, subscale modeling, stochastic modeling, monitoring, and budget analyses. IGW continually provides results that are dynamically processed, overlaid, and displayed. It dynamically merges modeling inputs and outputs into composite two-dimensional/3D images-integrating related data to provide a more complete view of the complex interplay among the geology, hydrology, flow system, and transport. These unique capabilities of real-time modeling, steering, analysis, and mapping expand the utility of models as tools for research, education, and professional investigations. 相似文献
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基于湖库水质目标的流域氮、磷减排与分区管理——以天目湖沙河水库为例 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
湖库水环境保护在保障生产与生活用水、维系生态平衡、发展旅游等方面发挥着重要的作用.水质目标管理是保护湖库水质的最佳管理办法.本文以天目湖地区沙河水库及其流域为研究区域,建立模型模拟沙河水库流域的水文与水质,评估入库污染通量和主要来源;依据水质目标测算氮、磷污染的容量和减排量,结合土地的生态保护与开发适宜性评估,提出氮、磷污染分区减排和土地管控的对策和措施.研究结果表明,沙河水库氮、磷污染物入库通量分别为206.01和3.29 t/a,面源总氮和总磷分别占总入库量的85.7%和67.5%.不同土地利用类型氮、磷输出强度有显著差异,总氮输出强度依次为茶园 >耕地 >建筑用地 >裸地 >草地 >退耕地 >林地 >河湖漫滩,总磷输出强度与地表覆盖度有关,依次为裸地 >建筑用地 >茶园 >耕地 >草地 >退耕地 >林地和河湖漫滩.从氮、磷输移过程来看,沙河水库流域总氮排放量为321.64 t/a,进入河流的为255.53 t/a,在河道输送过程中损失19.4%,最终有206.01 t/a进入水库;沙河水库流域总磷排放量为13.42 t/a,进入河流的为7.90 t/a,在河道输送过程中损失58.3%,最终有3.29 t/a进入水库.不同分区河流氮、磷滞留降解率有很大的差异,中田河总氮、总磷滞留降解能力最强,分别为34.71%和84.31%.2009年的通量计算结果显示,沙河水库总氮达到Ⅳ类水质目标需要的入湖减少量为32.01 t/a,入湖削减比例为15.50%,总氮达到Ⅲ类水质目标需要的入湖减少量为59.66 t/a,入湖削减比例为29.00%;总磷达到Ⅲ类水需要的入湖减少量为0.682 t/a,入湖削减比例为20.70%,总磷达到Ⅱ类水需要的入湖减少量为1.479 t/a,入湖削减比例为44.90%.为了实现基于土地利用的面源污染减排管控,选定植被覆盖度、水源涵养能力、地形坡度、土地利用、氮磷分区贡献量、与道路和村落距离等指标综合评估生态保护价值和开发适宜性,并划定禁止开发区、限制开发区和保护性开发区3个管理分区,最终确定各分区的开发强度限制和管控方式. 相似文献