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1.
目前政府收购国有土地使用权的补偿问题无论在程序还是在补偿标准上均缺少法律规定,其补偿方法主要采用协商形式解决。近年来,随着土地发展权研究的深入,为政府制定收购土地补偿办法提供了理论依据。由于我国建筑物寿命短,收购土地后重新建设不仅浪费土地资产,而且引发了大量社会问题,推行国有土地使用权租赁制度,缩短土地使用权出让年限,使之与建筑物的寿命大致一致,不仅减少政府收购土地的难度,而且便于土地的批后监管。 相似文献
2.
Juan Porta Jorge Parapar Paula García Gracia Fernández Juan Touriño Ramón Doallo Francisco Ónega Inés Santé Pablo Díaz David Miranda Rafael Crecente 《Earth Science Informatics》2013,6(4):209-226
Land abandonment and stagnation of rural markets in the last few years have become one of the main concerns of rural administrations. The use of Web and GIS (Geographic Information System) technologies can help to mitigate the effects of these problems. This paper pro-poses a novel Web-GIS tool with spatial capabilities for the dynamization of rural land markets by encouraging the transfer of land from owners to farmers through the leasing of plots. The system, based on open source software, offers information about the properties, their environment and their owners. It uses standards for handling the geographic information and for communicating with external data sources. This system was used as the basis for the development of SITEGAL, the tool for the management of the Land Bank of Galicia (www.bantegal.com/sitegal). SITEGAL has been operational since 2007 obtaining benefits for both administration and users (farmers and land owners), and promoting the e-Government. 相似文献
3.
L. H. Shih T. Y. Chou 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(3):523-532
Although solar power systems are considered as one of the most promising renewable energy sources, some uncertain factors as well as the high cost could be barriers which create customer resistance. Leasing instead of purchase, as one type of product service system, could be an option to reduce consumer concern on such issues. This study focuses on consumer concerns about uncertainty and willingness to pay for leasing solar power systems. Conjoint analysis method is used to find part worth utilities and estimate gaps of willingness to pay between attribute levels, including various leasing time lengths. The results show the part worth utilities and relative importance of four major attributes, including leasing time. Among concerns about uncertainties, government subsidy, electricity price, reliability, and rise of new generation solar power systems were found to be significantly related to the additional willingness-to-pay for a shorter leasing time. Cluster analysis is used to identify two groups standing for high and low concerns about uncertainty. People with more concerns tend to pay more for a shorter lease time. 相似文献
4.
《Geoforum》2017
The ‘global land rush’ or ‘global land grabbing’ phenomena has prompted concerns over the potential of large-scale land acquisitions to displace rural populations and impact food security in lesser-developed countries. State actors often assert that lands being leased to investors are ‘marginal’, ‘wasteland’, ‘barren’, or ‘unused’ without explicitly stating the criteria that are used to classify those spaces. Using Ethiopia as a case study, this paper synthesizes semi-structured interviews and geospatial land-use data to unpack the federal government’s notion of ‘marginal land’ to investigate how land qualifies for deposition into a federal land bank set aside for future investment and the agro-ecological characteristics and human-environment interactions endemic to these areas. We find that government officials conceive land bank areas to be generally fertile but currently ‘unused’. In reality, we find land bank areas: (1) are used by pastoralists or rural people practicing land extensive forms of cultivation that are only loosely integrated into the Ethiopian state, (2) overlap with protected areas such as National Parks, and (3) are located in places that have surface water resources the government intends to use for large-scale development such as irrigation or hydropower projects. We argue that the intended land uses of banked lands serve not only to fulfill larger development objectives but also increase state-accessible product produced in these areas strengthening the link between ‘othering’ labels, development, and state-making in the context of the global land rush. 相似文献
5.
中国土地制度改革的方向与途径 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2013年12月2日下午,上海市地质调查研究院副总工程师李勤奋教授与上海市地质调查研究院总工程师办公室副主任兼《上海国土资源》编辑部主任龚士良教授专程赴北京拜访了国务院发展研究中心农村经济研究部副部长刘守英研究员,并代表《上海国土资源》期刊作了专题访谈。刘部长对十八届三中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》中土地制度改革等内容作了全面深入的解读和诠释,指出以往的土地制度为我国工业化、城市化发展做出了重大贡献,但要保障下一个战略机遇期中国经济社会的可持续发展,需要统筹考虑农民权益保障、发展空间规划、土地增值收益的公平分配、土地利用效率提升等因素,对土地制度进行全面改革。十八届三中全会将建立城乡统一的建设用地市场作为今后我国加快完善现代市场体系的重要内容,体现出中央对土地制度改革的重视,也明确了土地制度改革的方向。允许集体经营性建设用地进入市场,不仅有利于保护农民利益,而且有助于缩小征地范围。刘部长同时对生态保护红线与耕地保护红线的相互关系作了阐述。 相似文献
6.
基于人均建设用地标准法测算了淮安市农村居民点用地整理的理论潜力,并采用定性分析方法估算了该市农村工矿废弃地整理的理论潜力。利用研究所得到的理论潜力实现系数对理论潜力进行修正,从而测算出该市土地利用总体规划实施期内农村建设用地整理的现实潜力。结果表明,淮安市农村建设用地整理的现实潜力2015年和2020年分别为24564.53hm2和28436.64hm2。测算结果可为规划和实施未来淮安市农村居民点用地和农村工矿废弃地等农村建设用地的整理提供科学依据。 相似文献
7.
《Geoforum》2016
Inspired by Ostrom’s concept of polycentric governance, this article aims to refine the analytical framework through which contemporary access to land is analysed. By drawing on extensive fieldwork and conducting a review of the existing literature on the making and implementation of Tanzania’s 1999 land reform, it challenges some of the main assumptions behind the land access and land grabbing literatures about the level at which agency is placed. Processes governing access to land are more contingent than they are most often depicted, involving actors at the local, national and international levels. National and local level actors are often more important than, in particular, the land grab literature tends to suggest. This implies that the state should be seen not merely as a site of ‘legitimate theft’, but also as one in which rights may be upheld. Based on the experience of Tanzania, the article suggests that analytical a priori assumptions about where agency is placed should be abandoned and replaced with empirical research into the relations between actors at all levels. 相似文献
8.
《Geoforum》2017
Ananya Roy’s theorization of the urban land question in terms of ‘dis/possessive collectivism’ is a powerful, eloquent intervention at a pivotal moment of intensified, planetary urban land inequalities. In this commentary, we evaluate Roy’s call to identify sites of “strategic illegality” from which to challenge the racial and class inequalities of capitalist colonization of urban land and property. Our analysis focuses on three transformations – evolving jurisdictional geographies, expanded proliferations of disparate impact, and reinforced infrastructures of monetized universalization – in which old, familiar exploitations are produced through the new multicultural meritocracies of an increasingly transnational, cosmopolitan capitalism. 相似文献
9.
《Geoforum》2014
Land degradation has been a major political issue in Java for decades. Its causes have generally been framed by narratives focussing on farmers’ unsustainable cultivation practices. This paper causally links land degradation with struggles over natural resources in Central Java. It presents a case study that was part of a research project combining remote sensing and political ecology to explore land use/cover change and its drivers in the catchment of the Segara Anakan lagoon. Historically rooted land conflicts have turned the land into a political battlefield, with soil erosion being the direct outcome of the political struggles. Starting from an analysis of environmental changes using satellite images and historical maps, the research explored a history of violent displacements in the frame of a series of brutal insurgencies and counterinsurgencies in the 1950/60s. In these struggles over national political power, entire villages were erased, and peasants’ land was appropriated by the state. This political history is ‘inscribed’ in today’s landscape. The contested land comprises some of the most erosion-prone sites in the entire catchment of the lagoon. The landscape of erosion is a landscape of conflict and a symbol of historical violence and injustice. In line with our research in other parts of the catchment, the case study presented here challenges dominant political discourses about the nature of upland degradation in Java. It provides insight into still unresolved and underexplored chapters of Indonesian history and presents a strong plea for combining land use change science and (historical) political ecology. 相似文献
10.
Land is the core of the predominantly agrarian economy of Cameroon. It is therefore an important factor of production to both men and women particularly in rural areas. While the legal framework in Cameroon advocate for equal rights and opportunities to resources, the majority of rural women who are mostly peasant farmers can neither inherit nor own land due to gender discriminatory customary practices. This study examines some of the arguments for sustaining these customary practices that violate women’s rights over the years and the role of these ‘landless’ women in poverty alleviation. The study is based on a field survey which was conducted among some 2,205 respondents in 2009 using questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions in Anglophone Cameroon. The findings revealed that although women are the livewire of rural households and key players in the struggle against poverty who depend solely on land, they still do not have security of tenure over the land they cultivate. The paper argues that even though women are assuming increasing roles in the education of the children, provision of food and paying for medical services for the homes, there are still some traditional belief systems that work against their rights to land. These belief systems have a strong grip on the attitudes and perception of both men and women on women’s rights to land in that even when men and women are unanimous on the need for women to own land, they both disagree on how they should own the land. The logical outcome of this dilemma is that men own the land while women work on it. The latter have very little possibilities to carry out any long term investment on land without the blessing of the former. We thus, advocate for gender mainstreaming in land reforms and gender consciousness among traditional authorities, men and even among the women as some of the ways of redressing gender discrimination in land ownership rights and poverty particularly in rural areas. 相似文献
11.
基于陕北延河流域2000-2009年的水土资源相关数据,依据《国家人口发展功能区工作技术导则》中对水土地资源承载力的测评模型,计算流域水土资源承载力和承载指数,并对比评价了流域各区县的水土资源承载现状。结果表明:①延河流域各区县的水资源承载状况均为超载,其中延长县和志丹县为过载,宝塔区和安塞县为严重超载。②延河流域各区县的土地资源承载状况存在一定的地域差异性,其中宝塔区和延长县的为严重超载,安塞县和志丹县的为平衡有余。研究可为水土资源在县域之间、省际之间等不同级别行政区域中的合理均衡和分配提供科学依据。 相似文献
12.
基于分形维数和信息熵的土地利用景观格局变化研究——以西安市为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
信息熵和分形理论为研究地理学中系统的有序性和复杂结构现象的不稳定性提供了一条新途径,为研究土地利用景观格局变化提供了新的思路。以信息熵和分形理论为指导,在遥感和GIS技术支持下,对西安市土地利用景观格局演变的分形特征和信息熵进行分析,结果表明:1999-2008年,西安市土地利用景观结构趋于简单化,景观类型在空间上的稳定性逐渐增大;土地利用景观结构信息熵总体上呈逐渐下降趋势,即土地利用有序度逐渐上升,而无序度逐渐降低。 相似文献
13.
《Geoforum》2017
The global ‘land grab’ debate is going urban and needs a specific conceptual framework to analyze the diverse modalities through which land commodification and speculation are transforming cities across the globe. This article identifies new avenues for research on urban land issues by drawing on an extensive body of academic literature and concrete cases of urban land transformations in Asia, Latin America and Africa. These transformations are analyzed by focusing on three types of urban investments – investments in property, investments in public space and public services, and investments in speculation, image building and ‘worlding’ – and the way these investments are intermingled with and enhanced by processes of gentrification and speculative urbanism. Addressing real estate and infrastructure investments, speculation and gentrification through a land-based lens allows us to deepen the discussion on urban land governance in the global South. We argue that urban land acquisition cannot be thoroughly understood in isolation from the workings of urban real estate markets, public policies, and displacement processes. The urban land grab debate needs to consider the dialectic interplay between land use change and general socio-spatial transformations both in central – or recentralized – and peripheral areas. This is why we plea for a kaleidoscopic perspective on urban land governance by uncovering the complex patchwork of urban land acquisitions and their diverse temporalities and spatialities, their hybrid character in terms of actors involved, and the multiple and often unpredicted ways in which urban dwellers try to gain control over and access to urban land. 相似文献
14.
David A. Gulley 《GeoJournal》1988,16(3):283-294
Seabed mineral resource may possess option value as a result of prospective technical change or low-probability/high-payoff future events. This would explain the current interest in leasing these submarginal resources. Theoretical arguments are used to evaluate the technical change aspect. Specific reference to the cobalt market is used to illustrate the uncertainty case. The paper concludes that leasing interest may reflect legitimate economic considerations, even though the near-term development potential is unpromising.Adapted in part from a presentation given at the KORDI/EWC Joint Workshop in Asia/Pacific Marine Resources and Development, June 1986, Seoul, Korea. The author gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation (SES-84-20239) and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration in separate investigations which the paper draws upon. E. Gardner, M. Jacinto, and L. Seymour assisted in gathering background information. A special thanks to J. Broadus, M. Cruickshank, C. Johnson, G. Pontecorvo, and J. Marsh for their advice and encouragement. Any errors are the author's responsibility. 相似文献
15.
《Geoforum》2017
Canada is in a liminal space, with renewed struggles for and commitments to indigenous land and food sovereignty on one hand, and growing capital interest in land governance and agriculture on the other. While neoliberal capital increasingly accumulates land-based control, settler-farming communities still manage much of Canada’s arable land. This research draws on studies of settler colonialism, racial hierarchy and othering to connect the ideological with the material forces of settler colonialism and show how material dominance is maintained through colonial logics and racially ordered narratives. Through in-depth interviews, I investigate how white settler farmers perceive and construct two distinctly ‘othered’ groups: Indigenous peoples and migrant farmers and farm workers. Further, I show the disparate role of land and labour in constructing each group, and specifically, the cultural and material benefits of these constructions for land-based settler populations. At the same time, settler colonial structures and logics remain reciprocally coupled to political conditions. For instance, contemporary neoliberalism in Canadian agriculture modifies settler colonial structures to be sure. I argue, however, that political economic analyses of land and food production in Canada (such as corporate concentration, land grabbing and farm consolidation) ought to better integrate the systemic forces of settler colonialism that have conditioned land access in the first place. Of course, determining who is able to access land—and thus, who is able to grow food—continues to be a territorial struggle. Thus, in order to shift these conditions we ought to examine how those with access and control have acquired and maintained it. 相似文献
16.
《Geoforum》2015
Agricultural land use in much of Brong-Ahafo region, Ghana has been shifting from the production of food crops towards increased cashew nut cultivation in recent years. This article explores everyday, less visible, gendered and generational struggles over family farms in West Africa, based on qualitative, participatory research in a rural community that is becoming increasingly integrated into the global capitalist system. As a tree crop, cashew was regarded as an individual man’s property to be passed on to his wife and children rather than to extended family members, which differed from the communal land tenure arrangements governing food crop cultivation. The tendency for land, cash crops and income to be controlled by men, despite women’s and young people’s significant labour contributions to family farms, and for women to rely on food crop production for their main source of income and for household food security, means that women and girls are more likely to lose out when cashew plantations are expanded to the detriment of land for food crops. Intergenerational tensions emerged when young people felt that their parents and elders were neglecting their views and concerns. The research provides important insights into gendered and generational power relations regarding land access, property rights and intra-household decision-making processes. Greater dialogue between genders and generations may help to tackle unequal power relations and lead to shared decision-making processes that build the resilience of rural communities. 相似文献
17.
《Geoforum》2017
What happens when an Andean family finds gold on its land? As mining corporations rapidly claim surrounding properties on rugged terrain near Mount Mismi, a water-supplying deity overlooking Peru’s Colca Valley, the Flores family is springing into action to beat the Buenaventura mining company to the gold that might be hidden within. The global land rush has been pronounced in Peru, whose mineral resources have largely been responsible for rapid economic growth but whose profits remain restricted to a relative few. The Flores family, many of its members underemployed, are engaged in a costly race against time to constitute themselves as an enterprise, rent equipment, formalize their title, and fulfill other rituals necessary for legitimating their own effort to access what they see as their small share of Peru’s mineral wealth, against the specter of state subsoil rights and corporate power. They are simultaneously racing to seek the land’s permission, via rituals like the pago a la tierra (offering to the earth) and the provision of spiritually infused chicha (fermented maize and barley). Through an ethnographic focus on the exemplary case of the Flores property and the diverse rituals essential to extracting its prosperity, this article asks how the Peruvian state’s categories of legitimate land use articulate with a perspective acknowledging land as a powerful non-human agent with its own requirements for becoming investable. I argue that beyond a simple dichotomy between official and indigenous rituals of legitimation, the Flores’ urgent race to render land investable puts multivalent ontologies and ethics to work together. In doing so, I further argue, family members draw on years of engagement with development projects and non-governmental organizations focused on promoting explicitly indigenous entrepreneurship. They are thus forging new interpretations of identity-based empowerment that complicate any stereotypical relationship between environmental sustainability and indigeneity. 相似文献
18.
黔桂岩溶山区土地利用冲突强度演变及其空间分异特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用基于“压力-状态-响应（Press-State-Response,PSR)的土地利用冲突强度模型,评估了1990-2010年黔桂岩溶山区土地利用冲突强度演变过程,并运用探索性空间分析方法(Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis, ESDA)对黔桂岩溶山区县域土地利用冲突强度变化的空间分异特征进行探讨,结果表明:（1）1990-2010年间黔桂岩溶山区土地利用冲突呈增强趋势,综合指数从0.09增长到0.30;（2）从全局空间自相关看,该区1990-2010年土地利用冲突强度存在显著空间集聚特征,且集聚态势进一步增强,时段Ⅲ压力指数、响应指数和综合指数变化量的Global Moran’s I指数为0.317 9、0.473 3和0.185 9,时段Ⅱ的Global Moran’s I值均大于时段Ⅰ的值;（3）就局域空间自相关而言,热点区、次热区趋向集聚于以贵阳市为龙头的黔中城市群、黔西南州、南宁市及其周边区域,冷点区、次冷区连片分布于黔桂峰丛洼地及其周边偏远山区。因而,建议在黔桂岩溶山区城镇化、工业化加速阶段,应优化土地利用结构,缓解土地利用冲突,以提高土地资源可持续利用水平。 相似文献
19.
《Engineering Geology》2001,59(1-2):1-49
Geologic concepts and scientific-technical guidance for the planning-design and construction of engineered works was recognized in Europe by the 1800s and by the early 1900s in North America. This early geologic knowledge and experience provided the rudimentary principles that guided practitioners of the 19th century in serving the emerging projects in western United States. Case studies review the scientific-technical lessons learned and the legacy of geologic principles established in the planning and construction of major civil, mining, and military engineered works in the western states. These contributions to GeoScience knowledge and engineering geology practice include:
- •Tunnels and aqueducts across active fault zones, beneath young volcanic features, groundwater-charged faults, and land subsidence mitigation.
- •Controversial foundation design, Folsom and Auburn dams, Golden Gate Bridge.
- •Protective underground construction chambers, safety dependent geologic setting.
- •Geologic mapping as database management leasing, maintenance railroad trackway.
- •Causeway Great Salt Lake, geo-risks calculated, mitigated ‘as-constructed’.
- •Nuclear powerplants seismic design.
- •Urban Land-Use, on-going processes, acceptable geo-risks.
- •Dwelling Insurance, insuree's responsibilities.
- •Selecting technique/method to mitigate risk, preferably based on extensive database, evaluation of characteristics and historical origin adverse features/conditions that constitute a geo-risk.
20.
Critical academic research has yet to comprehensively identify conceptual linkages and tensions between information communication technologies (ICTs) and land governance projects. In order to make a contribution to these complex research fields, this article examines three Kenyan projects to illustrate different aspects of competing theoretical frameworks for ICT-based land rights projects. The projects documented land and property in the informal settlements of Kibera and Mathare in Nairobi, and in the rural community of Lari in Kiambu County. Drawing particularly on conceptual frameworks that emphasize the ‘disruptive’ potentials of ICTs, and frameworks based on e-government models, the article argues that these projects include both disruptive aspects, which work through applying pressure on the state, and more ‘integrative’ approaches which seek to build state capacity. The projects also rely on multiple stakeholders, and cannot be easily categorized within simple narratives of crowdsourcing, for example. Instead the realities are more complex and ‘success’ is difficult to assess, and potential uses of such projects are open and multiple. 相似文献