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1.
利用能值分析方法揭示采煤沉陷区土地复垦行为特征,为采煤沉陷区土地复垦决策和土地利用导向提供科学依据。以徐州城北矿区复垦区为例,采用野外试验与能值理论分析相结合的方法,对采煤沉陷区土地复垦前后能值变化进行分析。结果表明:土地复垦是以人的价值行为为导向、自然资源为依托、生态系统流为骨架,来实现和提升采煤沉陷区生态经济系统功能;以恢复和提高区域生产力为价值导向的土地复垦行为可有效提高区域和产品服务功能,年净增加能值361.61×1016 sej;复垦后土地用途增加一定面积的鱼塘和储水区,在满足生产需求的同时,可提高区域水分涵养功能,年净增加能值4.6×1016 sej;土地复垦行为是通过调整采煤沉陷区土地利用结构、土地利用布局和土地利用行为,以实现生态经济系统能量流动与转换来增加区域生态经济系统能值。 相似文献
2.
阜新矿区地面塌陷灾害对土地生产力的影响 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
在研究地面塌陷对一个地区的影响时，一般只侧重于其对建筑物、铁路的影响，而对土地生产力影响的探讨和研究还不够深入。对于阜新矿区来说，地面塌陷对该区土地生产力的影响更是空白，前期的工作仅仅侧重于地面塌陷的调查，如果就地面塌陷对土地生产力的影响做一决的概括和分析，无疑会给今后治理由地面塌陷带来的灾害提供借鉴作用。本文结合大量实测、实算数据，应用土地复理论与方法对地面塌陷引起的土地侵蚀、土壤盐碱化、土壤湿度、土壤质量水平等四个方面做了较为系统的阐述，并对灾害的治理提出了见解。 相似文献
3.
Estimation of land coverage from a land cover classification derived from remotely sensed data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Giles M. Foody 《GeoJournal》1995,36(4):361-370
Remotely sensed data are an attractive source of land cover information. In many applications the required information relates to the extent or coverage of land cover class(es) in a region, which is generally derived from a count of the pixels allocated to the class(es) of interest in a classification. A highly accurate classification is not required for the derivation of accurate estimates of class coverage, provided the classification is accompanied by appropriate information on its quality. For instance, the information on classification quality contained in the classification confusion matrix can be used to significantly increase the accuracy of the estimates of land coverage. This is illustrated with reference to a case study focused on the estimation of despoiled land coverage in administratively defined local district in industrial South Wales from Landsat TM data. The accuracy of the investigation was assessed relative to a map of despoiled land cover for this region produced by conventional methods. From an image classification of moderate accuracy, the classification accuracy ranged form 57–83% between the districts investigated, a pixel count provided estimated of despoiled land coverage that were only poorly correlated to the mapped coverage;r = 0.27. Using the information on the pattern of error in the class allocation contained in the classification confusion matrix the estimation accuracy was increased significantly, with a correlation ofr = 0.81 observed between the remote sensing based estimate and the mapped land coverage. Furthermore, the r.m.s. error in despoiled land coverage estimation was reduced by approximately half, to less than 1% district area, when the classification was used in conjunction with information on the pattern of classification error. 相似文献
4.
Digital national land information 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H. Matsuda 《GeoJournal》1980,4(4):313-318
The digital land data maintained in the Geographic Survey Institute are listed in Tab 1. They are computerized for the digital national land information to establish a geographical data bank of land information.The digital national land information contains many kinds of land data, which have been maintained mainly as maps, aerial photos and statistics, and is stored as magnetic tape.The smallest geographical unit is either the standard mesh, geodetic coordinate or dots, according to accuracy of the original data.The digital national land information can be used in the various fields of geographical researches and in national or local land planning.In this paper, as an example of application, the housing land selection method is introduced, using the natural land data and the land use data. 相似文献
5.
Vaibhav Garg S. P. Aggarwal Prasun K. Gupta Bhaskar R. Nikam Praveen K. Thakur S. K. Srivastav A. Senthil Kumar 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(18):635
The sustainability of water resources mainly depends on planning and management of land use; a small change in it may affect water yield largely, as both are linked through relevant hydrological processes, explicitly. However, human activities, especially a significant increase in population, in-migration and accelerated socio-economic activities, are constantly modifying the land use and land cover (LULC) pattern. The impact of such changes in LULC on the hydrological regime of a basin is of widespread concern and a great challenge to the water resource engineers. While studying these impacts, the issue that prevails is the selection of a hydrological model that may be able to accommodate spatial and temporal dynamics of the basin with higher accuracy. Therefore, in the present study, the capabilities of variable infiltration capacity hydrological model to hydrologically simulate the basin under varying LULC scenarios have been investigated. For the present analysis, the Pennar River Basin, Andhra Pradesh, which falls under a water scarce region in India, has been chosen. The water balance components such as runoff potential, evapotranspiration (ET) and baseflow of Pennar Basin have been simulated under different LULC scenarios to study the impact of change on hydrological regime of a basin. Majorly, increase in built-up (13.94% approx.) and decrease in deciduous forest cover (2.44%) are the significant changes observed in the basin during the last three decades. It was found that the impact of LULC change on hydrology is balancing out at basin scale (considering the entire basin, while routing the runoff at the basin outlet). Therefore, an analysis on spatial variation in each of the water balance components considered in the study was done at grid scale. It was observed that the impact of LULC is considerable spatially at grid level, and the maximum increase of 265 mm (1985–2005) and the decrease of 48 mm (1985–1995) in runoff generation at grid were estimated. On the contrary, ET component showed the maximum increase of 400 and decrease of 570 mm under different LULC change scenario. Similarly, in the base flow parameter, an increase of 70 mm and the decrease of 100 mm were observed. It was noticed that the upper basin is showing an increasing trend in almost all hydrological components as compared to the lower basin. Based on this basin scale study, it was concluded that change in the land cover alters the hydrology; however, it needs to be studied at finer spatial scale rather than the entire basin as a whole. The information like the spatial variation in hydrological components may be very useful for local authority and decision-makers to plan mitigation strategies accordingly. 相似文献
6.
Perera N. P. 《GeoJournal》1981,2(2):95-103
Mining of copper and other metals to a lesser extent is the mainstay of the Zambian economy. Copper is mined in the Copperbelt situated in the northern part of the country. It is not only the the most thickly populated part of the country but also the most urbanized. Urban centers developed with the mines as their nuclei and hence pose spatial problems between the needs of a rapidly increasing population on the one hand and the requirements of the mining industry on the other. The provision of raw material for the extractive industries is a geological one. Economic history shows the realization of these potentials and thirdly, lack of planning has permitted exploitation of minerals and dumping of wastes without much regard to reclamation. Spoilation of land by mining activity is mainly caused by the methods of mining as well as by the dumping of the solid and liquid wastes from the ore crushers and concentrators; while air pollution from sulphurdioxide and dust is from the smelters. Legislation has recently being enacted to regulate the dumping of wastes and for the reclamation of waste dumps. However, this has had only a minimal effect on the problem as yet. The soil from a dump which is ready for reclamation is analysed and methods of revegetating such a dump based on ecological principles is attempted. Finally, the conflict for land between the needs of a growing urban population and the requirements of the mining industry is discussed taking Kitwe, the capital of the Copperbelt as an example. 相似文献
7.
天津滨海新区地处京津和环渤海两大城市带的交汇点,与日本、韩国隔海相望,是我国对外开放的重要通道。滨海新区广泛分布有软弱土层,属于欠固结地层,不仅会自然压密,而且在荷载的长期作用下容易产生次固结变形;长期以来,由于地表水资源短缺,大幅超采地下水的形势严峻。自然因素与人为活动的综合作用,使得滨海新区地面沉降现象普遍发生,形势不容忽视。应用一定的理论与方法,预测地面沉降可能的发展趋势,以寻求有效的防治措施,是天津滨海新区地面沉降研究的最紧迫任务之一。地面沉降是一种渐变性地质灾害,可以预测其发展趋势。文章结合灰色系统理论预测模型及马尔柯夫预测模型特点,提出了地面沉降预测的灰色-马尔柯夫模型,并应用实例演示灰色-马尔柯夫模型预测过程。为便于大量监测点的预测,采用C＋＋编程对天津滨海新区170个监测点进行预测,结果证明灰色-马尔柯夫模型对天津滨海新区地面沉降趋势预测具有实际意义,表明此模型对随机性强,波动性大的时间数列预测具有较好的精度。在实际应用中,灰色-马尔柯夫模型一般需要较多的原始数据,原始数据越多,预测精度越高。 相似文献
8.
Yehua Wei 《GeoJournal》1993,30(4):435-440
Astract Recent economic reforms and shifts in land use planning in China have greatly changed the size and structure of urban land use. In this paper, an overview of the problems in urban land use and the impacts of economic reforms and planning policies on rapid urban land expansion and structural transformation is outlined. This is followed by statistical analyses to reveal determinants of urban land size. The study shows that urban land use in China has been improved, and urban land use size is related to urban reforms, urban land use adjustment, as well as to population growth and economic development. 相似文献
9.
The relationship between land surface temperature and land use/land cover in Guangzhou,China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The integration of remote sensing, geographic information system, landscape ecology and statistical analysis methods was applied
to study the urban thermal environment in Guangzhou. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference
Build-up Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Barren Index (NDBaI) and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) were
used to analyze the relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and land use/land cover (LULC) qualitatively. The
result revealed that, most urban built-up lands were located in the middle part, and high LST areas mostly and were in the
middle and southern parts. Therefore, the urbanization and thermal environment in the middle and southern parts need to be
determined. Land surface temperature increased with the density of urban built-up and barren land, but decreased with vegetation
cover. The relationship between MNDWI and LST was found to be negative, which implied that pure water would decrease the surface
temperature and the polluted water would increase the surface temperature. A multiple regression between LST and each indices
as well as the elevation was created to elevate the urban thermal environment, which showed that NDVI, NDBI, NDBaI, MNDWI
were effective indicators for quantifying LULC impacts on LST. 相似文献
10.
E. M. Yates 《GeoJournal》1992,26(3):265-275
In the first section concepts relating to the ownership of land, as voiced by various thinkers from Plato and Aristotle to Locke, Proudhon and Marx, are discussed. In the second section it is shown, that despite the high moral tone of the theorists, in practice land was acquired by theft, the theft perhaps followed by some retrospective attempts to achieve legality. Land was also expropriated on a large scale to be used as a counter in the struggle between the power groupa within the state. In the third section the present day relevance of estate ownership is briefly examined, with reference to political power and to environmental conservation. It is suggested that ideally there should be a return to a leasehold system, in Proudhon's terms possession rather than ownership, land leased from the community and forfeited if environmental damage is inflicted. There should be limit to the upward size of estates in order to limit the political advantages that accrue to families holding large areas of land. For these reforms to be effective and enormous enlargement of democratic processes is required, accompanied by a reduction in power of the central authorities, and by an increase in the financial and intellectual investment in education. 相似文献
11.
H. G. Richter Dr. 《GeoJournal》1984,8(1):67-74
Types and pattern of land use in the GDR are controlled both by the historical development and the strong influences of technological, social and political alterations during the last four decades. Owing to these factors and the favourable natural conditions the share of non-arable area is small. The two basic features of land transformation are land use alteration and intensification. Compared to other European countries the first process lies on the average. It is still remarkable because most alterations of land use drastically reduce the agricultural area. Intensification consequently is the main type of land transformation in all sections of regional development. In most cases the benefit of strong intensification serves to particular users. Therefore various by-effects arise like pollution, contamination, blocking and devastating of renewable natural resources. Under the auspices of long term rationalization land transformation must be accompanied by the development of a dense network of protective measures and reservation areas, and in addition by different types for multiple utilization of renewable natural resources. At present complicated systems of land use are in evolution. 相似文献
12.
选择吉林省公主岭市大岭地区作为东北平原区典型代表区域开展土壤元素空间变异性、经典统计学合理取样数及不同采用密度数据空间插值对比研究。结果表明:(1)受地形平坦及成土母质相对单一等因素影响,研究区土壤元素空间变异性总体较小,大部分以轻中度变异为主(变异系数<15%),受人为因素影响较大的Cd、Hg变异系数分别为35.3%、136.6%,属于高度变异。(2)经典统计学确定的研究区合理采样数为80,该样本量可在95%的置信区间及允许误差为30%的条件下反应区内土壤元素含量的均值与方差,但因未考虑样本的空间属性,不足以反应区内土壤元素空间变异特征,具有一定的局限性。(3)通过对均匀抽稀后4种不同采样密度数据与实测数据空间插值对比研究,在定量评估空间插值相对误差、地块预测值相对误差及预测等级与实测等级一致性的基础上,结合土地质量地球化学调查工作精度要求,提出研究区地块尺度地球化学评价工作合理采样密度为8个点/km2,该密度可在确保评价精度的前提下,大幅减少采样数量和工作成本。上述结论为东北平原及类似地区大面积开展地块尺度土地质量地球化学评价工作提供了关键的技术支撑,对进一步完善土地质量地球化学评价方法技术具有重要意义。 相似文献
13.
国土空间开发适宜性评价是国土空间规划编制的重要基础,市县是落实主体功能区划的基本单元,市县级国土空间开发适宜性评价可为国土资源与空间更精细化的管理提供有效支撑。本研究从自然因素和社会经济因素两个方面构建了国土空间开发适宜性评价指标体系,对宜昌市农业生产适宜性及城镇建设适宜性进行了评价,划分出适宜、较适宜、一般适宜、较不适宜和不适宜5类区域。结果表明宜昌市适宜开展农业生产的土地面积为3412 km2,不适宜土地面积为7143 km2;适宜进行城镇建设的土地面积为748 km2,不适宜土地面积为14679 km2。农业生产和城镇建设适宜性评价结果均呈现出典型的区域特征,适宜区主要分布在东部的平原区,区域整体的国土空间开发条件好;不适宜区主要分布在西部山区,区域整体的国土空间开发难度大。适宜性评价结果与规划数据有部分出入,与土地利用现状相差不大,农业生产适宜等级的土地面积比耕地保有量红线面积多132 km2,分布于农业生产适宜和较适宜区的现状耕地占耕地总面积的73.98%;城镇建设适宜等级的土地面积比建设用地底线面积少611 km2,分布于城镇建设适宜和较适宜区的现状建设用地占建设用地总面积的77.99%。将评价结果叠加在谷歌卫星图上,在空间上观察是否与土地现状一致,结果表明农业生产适宜区的评价结果准确率达100%,不适宜区的准确率为93%;城镇建设适宜区和不适宜区评价结果准确率达100%。 相似文献
14.
基于区域气候模式RegCM4.0(Regional Climate Model 4.0),分别选取BATS(Biosphere Atmosphere Transfer Scheme)和CLM(Community Land Model)陆面方案,对2001-2005年中国的气候状况进行模拟,并将模拟结果与CRU(Climatic Research Unit)及GPCP(Global Precipitation Climatology Project)降水资料进行对比,研究不同陆面方案对降水模拟的影响。结果表明:在两种陆面方案下,区域气候模式均较合理地模拟出了中国降水的空间分布、时间变化;模拟降水对陆面方案敏感,RegCM_BATS总体上表现为正偏差,在东北区域的模拟偏差较大;RegCM_CLM表现为负偏差,在长江以南区域的模拟偏差较大;模拟结果的偏差在夏季较大,冬季较小;两模式模拟结果间的差异在空间上由东南向西北减少;两模式均较准确地模拟了不同强度降水出现频率的分布形势,总体上RegCM_CLM模拟低强度降水偏多;高强度降水偏少,而RegCM_BATS模拟低强度降水偏少,高强度降水偏多;不同陆面方案对地表蒸发量以及地表潜热通量模拟的差异是导致模拟降水差异的主要原因,夏季地表蒸发对降水的影响较冬季更强;水汽平流输送对两模式模拟降水差异的影响较小。 相似文献
15.
16.
Appraisal of land use/land cover of mangrove forest ecosystem using support vector machine 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Sudhir Kumar Singh Prashant K. Srivastava Manika Gupta Jay Krishna Thakur Saumitra Mukherjee 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(5):2245-2255
Human activities in many parts of the world have greatly changed the natural land cover. This study has been conducted on Pichavaram forest, south east coast of India, famous for its unique mangrove bio-diversity. The main objectives of this study were focused on monitoring land cover changes particularly for the mangrove forest in the Pichavaram area using multi-temporal Landsat images captured in the 1991, 2000, and 2009. The land use/land cover (LULC) estimation was done by a unique hybrid classification approach consisting of unsupervised and support vector machine (SVM)-based supervised classification. Once the vegetation and non-vegetation classes were separated, training site-based classification technology i.e., SVM-based supervised classification technique was used. The agricultural area, forest/plantation, degraded mangrove and mangrove forest layers were separated from the vegetation layer. Mud flat, sand/beach, swamp, sea water/sea, aquaculture pond, and fallow land were separated from non-vegetation layer. Water logged areas were delineated from the area initially considered under swamp and sea water-drowned areas. In this study, the object-based post-classification comparison method was employed for detecting changes. In order to evaluate the performance, an accuracy assessment was carried out using the randomly stratified sampling method, assuring distribution in a rational pattern so that a specific number of observations were assigned to each category on the classified image. The Kappa accuracy of SVM classified image was highest (94.53 %) for the 2000 image and about 94.14 and 89.45 % for the 2009 and 1991 images, respectively. The results indicated that the increased anthropogenic activities in Pichavaram have caused an irreversible loss of forest vegetation. These findings can be used both as a strategic planning tool to address the broad-scale mangrove ecosystem conservation projects and also as a tactical guide to help managers in designing effective restoration measures. 相似文献
17.
Xiaofang Li 《GeoJournal》1990,20(4):353-357
China has long been an agricultural country. Cultivated land is mainly used for growing staple foods. Before liberation (1949), land was scarcely planted for cash corps. Factors exerting influence on land use are: The traditional Chinese way of intensive land use, and population pressure as well as economic situation. The structure of recent developments of land use exhibits: altidutinal agricultural land use, intercropping of crops and trees, twotier and multi-tier land use. 相似文献
18.
Natural Hazards - Increasing land occupancy for farming without conservation principles, particularly in the Indonesian island of Java, is resulting in a severe erosion problem. This study... 相似文献
19.
Achieving to some outranking relationships between post mining land uses through mined land suitability analysis 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
H. Soltanmohammadi B.Sc. . M.Sc. M. Osanloo B. Rezaei A. Aghajani Bazzazi 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(4):535-546
Adoption of most suitable post mining land use is a problem with multi-dimensional nature. There are so many factors in this problem which seriously influence on the decision judgments. Therefore, in this study a fifty-attribute framework for mined land suitability analysis including fifty numbers of economical, social, technical and mine site factors developed to be a foundation for this decision making problem. Analysis by an outranking multi-attribute decision-making technique, called elimination et choix traduisant la realite method, was taken into consideration because of its clear advantages on the field of mined land suitability analysis as compared with multi-attribute decision-making ranking techniques. Analytical hierarchy process method applied to calculate global weights of the attributes through pair wise comparison matrixes. The weights then passed to the elimination et choix traduisant la realit method so that the most efficient post mining land uses could be appointed through comparisons of pair-wise dominance relationships between alternatives. This approach applied to an illustrative example where, final results showed that, there were two non-dominated land-uses for the considered example; industrial and pasture. However by increasing indifference threshold limit, the non-dominated set reduced to a single alternative that was pasture land-use. 相似文献
20.
J. Lee 《Environmental Geology》1986,9(1):23-30
Ireland's soil regions consist largely of Luvisols, Cambisols, and Gleysols. Approximately 60% of Ireland's land area is subject
to varying degrees of soil limitations. Twenty-five percent of the land area comprises wet lowland mineral soils.
Ninety percent of Ireland's agricultural area comprises pasture, hay, and silage. Approximately 30% of the agricultural area
is devoted to dairying, and 55% to cattle production. is devoted to dairying, and 55% to cattle production.
Trends in agricultural land use indicate that tillage declined substantially while livestock showed a substantial increase
particularly in the decade 1965–1975. Research concludes that over 2.8 million ha has a capacity to carry at least 100 LU/40
ha (100 acres).
Levels of fertilizer use in Ireland are below EEC levels. The highest fertilizer use levels are associated with the eastern
and southern areas of Ireland. Tillage crops occupy only 10% of the agricultural area, while they account for 26% of tertilizer
and lime use. 相似文献