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1.
Johan G. Borchert 《Geoforum》1975,6(3-4)
This article analyses the relationship between internal migration patterns and regional economic development in present-day Albania. Using demographic data migration figures were calculated for the period 1965–1971. These figures indicate that there is a Strong tendency for migration from the peripheral areas to the industrial triangle of Durrës-Tirana-Elbasan, and to the fertile farming area of the coastal lowlands which used to be malarial swamps. Present government policy however is directing growth away from the largest centres towards both the smaller centres and rural areas. Recent aims have been to achieve as even a spread of population and economic activity as possible. 相似文献
2.
Jordan is an Islamic state with planning based on Islamic principles. The execution of plans, though, has been constrained by geopolitical realities. In the last decade Jordan has moved from strictly sectoral planning to a strongly focused system of regional planning in order to achieve more growth in less developed regions. The prospects for these regions and the country as a whole will turn on the success of the peace process in the region. 相似文献
3.
Christian Hanser 《Geoforum》1983,14(4):363-373
First, regional policy in Switzerland is examined theoretically. This is followed by a short review of those partial effects of this policy which, according to current empirical findings, can be regarded as proved. Finally, with the failings of present policy in mind, the basis for a strategically new concept is drawn up. Swiss regional policy is unlike that of other countries, in that it is not influenced by any one particular theory of regional economics. On the contrary, there is a combination of widely varying forms, especially a mixture of theoretical elements based on both neoclassicism and polarization. Viewed as a whole, this concept can be considered well-balanced, despite the criticisms brought forward here. A radical departure from the present concept appears neither necessary nor sensible, although the individual points of criticism show that to be really effective, present policy requires a few additions or shifts of emphasis. Thus regional policy should increasingly build on the region's existing potential, aiming for the broadest possible development and mobilization of local resources. This should enhance regional self-reliance, simultaneously, in economic, social-cultural, and political terms. In addition, appropriate measures should be taken to improve the innovative strength of peripheral regions. Finally, an essential aspect of strategic reorientation is increased attention to the problems of settlement structure in peripheral parts of the country. In this respect the promotion of small and medium-sized development centres deserves special attention. 相似文献
4.
Birte Frommer 《Natural Hazards》2013,67(1):99-115
For the last five years, climate change has been increasingly perceived as a challenge for regional development. Compared to other nations, Germany is relatively ‘safe’, but the German regions are prone to different impacts of climate change; some of them might be positive but most will be negative in the long run. Strategic concepts are therefore needed to reduce the negative impacts and use the potential positive effects. Due to enforced research funding, several German regions are currently developing adaptation strategies within transdisciplinary research projects. Based on a comparative case study analysis of three of these projects, this paper looks for the benefits of resilience thinking in the context of climate change adaptation. The analysis shows that the case study regions try to increase their resilience to climate change by strengthening the properties of (1) resistance, (2) recovery and (3) creativity. But the discussion also reveals that only parts, certain sectors or subjects, of the region can increase their distinct resilience. Regional stakeholder networks as established within the case study regions can make a significant contribution to linking different sectors and levels of action. Therefore, this approach seems to be applicable for integrating the need for adaptation within the whole region. It is believed that the regionalized communication of potential climate change impacts raises awareness for climate change adaptation, helps to develop appropriate adaptation measures and encourages action. Hence, different approaches can indeed lead to more resilient structures. But the resilient society at regional level remains utopia. 相似文献
5.
Birte Frommer 《Natural Hazards》2011,58(1):85-101
For the last five years, climate change has been increasingly perceived as a challenge for regional development. Compared
to other nations, Germany is relatively ‘safe’, but the German regions are prone to different impacts of climate change; some
of them might be positive but most will be negative in the long run. Strategic concepts are therefore needed to reduce the
negative impacts and use the potential positive effects. Due to enforced research funding, several German regions are currently
developing adaptation strategies within transdisciplinary research projects. Based on a comparative case study analysis of
three of these projects, this paper looks for the benefits of resilience thinking in the context of climate change adaptation.
The analysis shows that the case study regions try to increase their resilience to climate change by strengthening the properties
of (1) resistance, (2) recovery and (3) creativity. But the discussion also reveals that only parts, certain sectors or subjects,
of the region can increase their distinct resilience. Regional stakeholder networks as established within the case study regions
can make a significant contribution to linking different sectors and levels of action. Therefore, this approach seems to be
applicable for integrating the need for adaptation within the whole region. It is believed that the regionalized communication
of potential climate change impacts raises awareness for climate change adaptation, helps to develop appropriate adaptation
measures and encourages action. Hence, different approaches can indeed lead to more resilient structures. But the resilient
society at regional level remains utopia. 相似文献
6.
《Geoforum》2016
This paper presents e-resilience as a framework for assessing the extent to which retail centres have spatially differentiated vulnerability to the impacts of online consumption. This extends the conceptual model of resilience as applied to retail, and is operationalised through a novel methodology that develops two indices that balance both supply and demand influences. We describe the creation of a composite e-resilience indicator, and then calculate it for retail centres across England. Our findings suggest a geographic polarising effect, with least vulnerable centres identified as large and more attractive or as smaller local destinations with a focus on convenience shopping. Mid-sized centres were typically shown to be the most exposed, and are argued as having a less clearly defined function in contemporary retail. Such findings have wide policy relevance to stakeholders of retail interested in the future configuration of sustainable and resilient provision. 相似文献
7.
《Geoforum》1987,18(1):55-63
This paper discusses the role of public policy in promoting economic development in a UK peripheral area, Devon and Cornwall. It is argued that traditional measures achieved some success in the context of national growth. However, more of the same at a time of economic recession is seen as inappropriate since a transfer of resources from one region to another cannot necessarily be justified nor relied upon. Future policy initiatives should seek to provide self-sustained growth in peripheral rural regions through creating conditions in which indigenous manufacturing can prosper. In particular, it is suggested that the public authorities should specifically target resources at those small and independent firms in the local economy with the greatest linkage potential, since this is likely to lead to new-firm formation and employment growth. At the same time, the local constraints to development should be recognised. 相似文献
8.
Galina V. Sdasuk 《Geoforum》1976,7(3):193-201
Acceleration of socio-economic progress and the achievement of self-reliant economy by the developing countries are closely linked with transformation of sectoral and spatial structure of colonial type economy, which is characterized by nonintegration, extreme inequalities in resources and land utilization, and regional disparities in the levels of socio-economic development. The State plays the leading role in this process through elaboration and realization of long-term regional policy and regional planning, the necessity of which is admitted in the majority of the developing countries. Their scientific substantiation is connected with investigation of objective process of formation of the spatial structure of the new type economy. The latter is formed in the process of interaction of the major regionalization systems: natural-resources, demography-ethnic, socio-economic (systems of special sector-wise and integral-complex regions are embedded in these systems). The systems of socio-economic regionalization are the most dynamic and manageable. But the modern stage of the development of the Third World countries is characterized by the essential changes of other regionalization systems as well. Evaluation of disproportional correlations in their interaction and elaboration of measures to reduce them constistute one of the most important objects of modern geography. Specialization of economic regions in the productions, which have favourable regional combinations of resources results in acceleration of economic growth because of the benefits of spatial division of labour. At the same time regional specialization and increase of inter-regional linkages strengthens the integration on all-national scale, which is of vital importance for the developing countries. The acute, not only economic but also socio-political problem of rapid backward areas advancement can and must be solved not separately (although such attempts have been undertaken often enough) but as a part of the general strategy of regional development. Scientific substantiation of the effective regional planning in the developing countries is an object of interdisciplinary research, where geographers are called to play the leading role. 相似文献
9.
E. Sokari-George Dr. 《GeoJournal》1990,22(1):93-98
Conclusion Urban and rural development arek inextricably related, that regional planning can play important roles as catalyst for agriculture
and rural development; and that a system of growth centres and/or agropolitan policy which can be important in achieving economic
growth with social equity, will be far more influential. Again if the National Planning Authority, Regional Planning Agency
and the policy of growth centre in the rural areas of the recommended regions is pursued, it will not only increase agricultural
productivity or a path to agricultural transformation for deleterious effects of migration to corporate farming but also could,
over time help to reduce the pressure on the urban areas by providing counter-magnets to migration and we envisage, will bring
about a national regional planning budget which should be operated on yearly basis. 相似文献
10.
Mr. J. Sargent 《GeoJournal》1980,4(3):205-214
This paper outlines the main changes in industrial location in Japan since the end of World War II. After a brief introduction, the paper discusses the growth of industrial regions between 1955 and 1965, and gives particular attention to the establishment of heavy industrial complexes in coastal locations and to the growth of assembly-line industries in inland locations. Some reference is also made to the role of local government inducement policies. The paper then turns to an examination of trends since 1965, and considers the significance of external diseconomies, changes in local government policy, labour shortage, improvements in transport and communications, and regional development policy. The paper argues that these factors have been responsible for a limited dispersal of manufacturing away from the main industrial regions. In conclusion, the paper briefly considers the implications of current economic trends for industrial location. 相似文献
11.
Klaus Krüger 《Geoforum》1982,13(2):133-149
The Malaysian economy, which in the colonial era was largely dependent on the primary sector, has been transformed towards a more balanced sectoral composition of output and employment accompanied by a substantial rise in per capita incomes since independence. Although the quality of life of the people has been improved in all regions, the impact of regional development policies has not been sufficient to improve the relative position of the less-developed regions and to counterbalance a growing spatial concentration of modern sector activities and population. To achieve this target the dispersal of manufacturing industries and modern services has to be enforced. 相似文献
12.
《Geoforum》2016
Bringing together concepts from the global production networks and evolutionary economic geography literature, this article empirically examines the trajectory of the electrical and electronics industry in Johor (Malaysia). Based on trends in firm entries and exit as well as interviews with companies, we find limited robustness in the industry’s trajectory. While there is evidence of the role of ‘structure’ in this outcome, we argue that human agency – particularly the actions of subnational policy-makers – is key. This is manifest in a preference for fostering regional ‘adaptiveness’ through the often uncritical promotion of a diversity of economic sectors. This compromises the meaningful pursuit of regional ‘adaptation’ in the form of new and more complex branches emerging from existing industries. This arrested development, in turn, hinders an effective strategic coupling between the regional economy and multinational corporations, thus undermining regional resilience. 相似文献
13.
《Geoforum》1987,18(2):229-236
The regional dimension to the problems and potentialities posed by the introduction of new technologies is increasingly an issue which is being addressed within the EECs regional policy. This paper is concerned with one such new technology, advanced telecommunications, which is seen as playing a key role within emerging ‘information economies’. However, the evidence reviewed suggests that peripheral or otherwise less favoured regions may be relatively disadvantaged both by the geographically differentiated supply of new and advanced services and, most significantly, by the relatively low propensity of such regions to use and apply these services within economic enterprises. Some reasons for these patterns of adoption are considered, and the policy implications discussed within the context of the EEC's emerging policy response. 相似文献
14.
Since the early 1970s the Australian economy has undergone major transformations common to other western industrialised countries. Jobs in manufacturing declined precipitately whilst the service economy grew, most significantly in producer services but also in lower skilled jobs. Tourism and services exports began to rival traditional agricultural and mining staples. Social outcomes, also typical of international trends, included rising unemployment and polarisation of incomes. Australia's changing global context, especially the nation's increasing orientation towards Asian growth economies, have underpinned restructuring. A political climate of economic rationalism has facilitated and accentuated restructuring. The economic shifts of the past quarter century have meant that everywhere the basis for economic growth has changed. Overlaying and reinforcing the re-definition of competitive advantage has been a shift in the pattern of agglomeration economies and diseconomies. New growth regions have emerged, others have had their prospects reinforced, and still others have had their outlook diminished in absolute or, more commonly, relative terms. The paper traces the regional outcomes of national economic restructuring and shifts in the balance of agglomeration economies and diseconomies over the period from 1971 to 1991. The focus is on the top end of the urban hierarchy, on specialised industrial cities where job loss from manufacturing has hit hard, amenity regions where international and domestic tourism have been major factors in growth, and non-metropolitan balances where growth has been uneven but generally low. Demographic, economic sectoral and welfare indicators are woven into a tableau of change expressed at national, intra-state and intrametropolitan scales. 相似文献
15.
Divergent growth trajectories in China’s chemical industry: the case of the newly developed industrial parks in Shanghai,Nanjing and Ningbo 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the late 1990’s, the “new-economy” industries in China proved to be relatively vulnerable and were strongly hit by the
financial crisis in Asia. As a result, a new economic support policy was introduced in China’s Yangtze Delta region, which
put greater emphasis on the support of traditional industrial sectors, including the chemical industry. This paper investigates
the effects of the growth of this industry, as well as the potential and current problems emerging from new growth paths.
It compares the growth of three newly developed chemical industry parks in Shanghai, Nanjing and Ningbo. The paper is based
on an institutional perspective of clustering processes arguing that regional industrialization is subject to formal and informal
institutions which shape the growth paths and contribute to divergent regional trajectories. Although these industrial parks
all benefit from the general economic upswing in China, their development is influenced by different business models, economic
contexts, goals and strategies, leaving room for divergence and specialization. Due to the existing structure of operations,
these parks have a great deal of potential but also face substantial challenges, such as the establishment of internal networks
and close customer linkages. It is argued that this might limit their innovative capability in the future. Furthermore, their
growth prospects differ depending on future government policies. 相似文献
16.
Davies D. Hywel 《GeoJournal》1981,2(2):73-84
Rapid urbanization through rural-urban migration (hitherto controlled by legislation) is developing in Zimbabwe with the advent of black majority rule. Although some advocate its encouragement to relieve pressures on Tribal Trust Lands, rapid urbanization will nevertheless pose severe planning problems. Although current public sector development proposals represent a conceptual advance, a comprehensive urbanization strategy has yet to emerge. This paper considers such a strategy, relating the country's varying regional development potential to a scheme of classification for proposed growth centres and rural service centres, based on their different characteristics and locations. It is concluded that an hierarchy of growth centres, evaluated by economic efficiency criteria, should be developed in the formerly white-controlled national economic core. In the peripheral, basically subsistent Tribal Trust Lands, a limited number of rural service centres should be developed, based on social/equity criteria. The choice and location of these various development centres, and their phasing should contribute to building up a dynamic national urban system that is nationally and regionally integrated, in contrast to past dualism, and will more effectively serve the needs of planned urbanization and of regional development. 相似文献
17.
Regional policies and the national interest 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gerald Manners 《Geoforum》1981,12(4):281-299
The shifting relationships between central and local government policies with regard to land use and economic development in Britain are reviewed, and recent tendencies in the management of spatial economic change summarised. Public interest and activity in this sphere have waned markedly in recent years as economic circumstances have deteriorated, traditional policies disappointed and economic priorities changed. The continuing advantages of regional intervention are considered and exemplified at several spatial scales. The policy constraints imposed by the weakness of the national economy are acknowledged. New attitudes and policies are advocated which, more than in the past, would recognise and exploit the considerable economic strengths of some parts of the country, and which suggest the desirability of a different spatial development path to that espoused by governments in recent decades. 相似文献
18.
Makki MS 《GeoJournal》1986,13(2):111-118
The aim of this paper 3s to study the development of population weights for regions and urban centres in Saudi Arabia through the period 1962–1974. In order to achieve this aim some non-parametric statistical rules have been used such as rank-size rule and the four-city index. The results show non-balanced distribution of population on both regional and urban scales. The concentration of people in urban centres is more pronounced than the concentration in regions. This is due to internal and external movement of population towards largesized urban centres. The paper recommends that the official authorities should give more consideration to economic and service development in rural and urban areas that are retreating in ranking and decreasing in population. 相似文献
19.
《Geoforum》2017
The most prominent ‘victim’ of the global financial crisis in 2007/2008 has been Greece, which is, even now, in the middle of an economic and social storm that is threatening its economic and social cohesion and its membership of the Eurozone. Using the social well-being conceptual framework as a benchmark and exploiting the literature of composite indicators, the paper aims to assess and measure the regional impact of the crisis in a systematic and comprehensive way. Differing from most of previous studies, both at national and international levels, this study is based on the assumption that the effects of the crisis go far beyond economics and create a social crisis strongly associated with significant human and social costs that might transform Greece’s regional status and threaten its regional well-being, probably in a very unequal way. The main finding of the analysis is that although all regions were severely affected by the dynamics and intensity of the crisis, some regions were more affected than others, leading to ‘winners’ and ‘losers’. From a policy point of view, the results of this study have serious implications for crisis management, recovery policy actions and a country’s social cohesion, especially in Greece where austerity policy measures not only imposed considerable cutbacks in regional development policies but also ignored the spatial dimension of the crisis. 相似文献
20.
Theo Rauch 《Geoforum》1982,13(2):151-161
The Nigerian growth-pattern, with its shift from more labour-intensive and resource-based to more capital-intensive and import-based industries, caused an increasing spatial concentration of productive forces, resulting in deteriorating living conditions for the majority of the population in rural and in urban areas. The Nigerian government never had a systematic regional policy. The impact of its general economic policy, however, fostered spatial polarisation by favouring import-based industries of the highest technological level while discriminating against other economic activities. As the scope for decentralisation within this pattern of accumulation is extremely limited, the problem cannot be solved by instruments of regional policy but only by altering the overall growth-pattern. 相似文献