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1.
《Geoforum》2017
The food sovereignty movement proposes a localist approach to meeting food security while delivering broader social, economic and environmental benefits. The movement is spawning multiple local projects of food sovereignty, whereby people are empowered to define their own culturally and environmentally appropriate food systems. As the number of enacted examples increases, the movement is also affecting change at national (and international) levels, with a number of countries creating national strategies or legislation for food sovereignty. We reflect on the challenges created by such scaling up within the existing food system. We propose a focus on issues of institutional interplay in order to identify and critique challenges. We highlight three interplay situations between multiple, diverse enactments of food sovereignty at multiple levels, and between food sovereignty and the broader institutional contexts within which they are embedded. 相似文献
2.
Catarina Vinagre João Salgado Henrique N. Cabral Maria J. Costa 《Estuaries and Coasts》2011,34(4):663-674
River flow variability is known to influence estuarine production, yet knowledge on its effect upon estuarine food webs dynamics
is still scarce. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were used to assess the effect of river flow in the connectivity and
food web interactions between the two main fish nursery areas of the Tagus estuary. The aims of the present work were to investigate
the seasonal variation in food web structure and the exchange rate of individuals of marine juvenile fish among estuarine
nurseries, to compare the spring of a rainy year (2001) with that of an average year (2000), and to investigate the impact
of the winter floods of 2001. A low level of connectivity was observed for the fish species that use these areas as nurseries.
In low river flow conditions, two isotopically distinct food webs were established in each nursery area. These food webs were
very sensitive to small variations in the freshwater input. Winter floods seem to disrupt the localized food webs that are
established in low river flow periods, leading to the re-establishment of a wider food web. While in rainy years this wide
food web is maintained until spring, in average years the food web undergoes fragmentation into two localized and isotopically
distinctive food webs. The increase in frequency of droughts due to climate change should lower the connectivity of the estuarine
fish nurseries food webs, causing habitat fragmentation and consequent loss in complexity and resilience. 相似文献
3.
An unsustainable state: Contrasting food practices and state policies in the Czech Republic 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Petr Jehli?ka 《Geoforum》2011,42(3):362-372
This paper brings together consideration of food policies and practices and of post-socialist transition to raise neglected questions about means of nurturing more sustainable food systems in the developed world. The last three decades have been marked by the growing salience of food as a political and scholarly concern. While market-based alternative food systems have been heralded for their potential to promote environmental sustainability, the benefits of non-market practices such as household food self-provisioning and barter have been assumed rather than being the focus of research. In the western context, both types of food consumption have positive connotations. Although food self-provisioning in European post-socialist societies is a more wide-spread practice than in western societies, it has been on the periphery of research. The existing literature has conceptualised them as ‘coping strategies’ or as a legacy of irregular supply of goods in the state socialist era. Drawing on empirical research in the Czech Republic, we are proposing a novel approach to the phenomenon of household food production in post-socialist societies as a practice compliant with principles of sustainability. First, we highlight the large extent and social inclusivity of food self-provisioning in Czech society to demonstrate how post-socialist societies are a repository of a rich set of sustainability-promoting consumption practices in relation to food systems. Second, we show that international and domestic policy actors in these societies have ignored these alternative, socially inclusive and environmentally effective practices in favour of far less effective market-based sustainability oriented food policy initiatives. The paper promotes a more integrated view of non-market and market approaches in the pursuit of more sustainable food systems. 相似文献
4.
Local food is championed as one alternative response to industrial systems of food production and supply. While advocacy for local food is high, there is a lack of empirical evidence about the actual shape and scale of such food supply chains, especially from a retail perspective. Using supply chain diagrams, this paper presents a summary of ‘new’ agro-food geographies for five different retail types—farm shops, butchers, caterers, specialist shops, supermarkets/department stores—that all source local food from suppliers in the Scottish-English borders. Presented as five separate ‘shopping trips’, the paper examines where, how and why retailers source local food. Results reveal the complex nature of local food systems, especially in terms of intra-sector competitive dynamics (with a notable tension between direct forms of retail and established (independent) retailers), links and overlaps with ‘normal’ food retail systems and elastic notions of the ‘local’. The paper also draws a key distinction between locally produced and locally supplied food products. 相似文献
5.
Research on hunger and food security in the Global South and the Global North has often emphasized different factors and scales
of analyses. Unlike newer monitoring systems in the Global South, which evolved substantially following critiques by Amartya
Sen, US food security research has rarely combined the two dimensions of food availability and food access. Furthermore, this
research has paid scant attention to household coping strategies. This study responds to this lacuna in US hunger research
by developing a spatial model for predicting risk to food insecurity based on proxy measures for access (three demographic
variables) and availability (grocery store density). The study then employs qualitative methodologies (surveys and semi-structured
interviews) to understand household coping strategies in two ethnically distinct areas in Minneapolis-Saint Paul at risk to
food insecurity. One neighborhood is dominated by Southeast Asian and East African immigrants and the other by African-Americans.
This approach should allow for better targeting of food aid and programs that help alleviate food insecurity. 相似文献
6.
Abdel Hamid Bakhit 《GeoJournal》1994,34(3):253-255
The failure of some individuals and groups to command adequate food can be accounted for through the analysis of the interplay of three mechanisms, namely food availability, food affordability and food accessibility. In Khartoum, as the case is in many other state-capitals, availability of food is not a major constraint in the dynamics of the food system. Of more significance for the configuration of the space of vulnerability are the processes related to affordability and accessibility, which combine to configurate the space of vulnerability. Occupation, place of residence, ethnic belonging and, of late, political allegiance define to a large extent the location of people in this space. 相似文献
7.
《Geoforum》2017
Interpersonal sharing of food has been an omnipresent feature of human civilisation from hunter-gatherer societies to the present, both as a mechanism through which sustenance is secured and as a means to cement social relations. While the evolutionary dynamism of this food sharing is relatively well documented, critical scholarship has tended to examine contemporary food sharing practices beyond family and friends through case studies of individual initiatives. A broader view of food sharing practices is absent. In addition, there has been little examination of the role that emerging information and communication technologies (ICT) are having on food sharing, despite claims that such technologies offer transformative potential to achieve more secure, sustainable and just food systems. In response, this paper presents a novel landscape level analysis of more than 4000 ICT-mediated urban food sharing activities operating across 100 cities in six continents. Adopting conceptual insights from the intersection of social and economic practice-oriented approaches, the resulting foodsharing database progresses understanding of, and makes visible, the ways in which food (and food-related skills, stuff and spaces) is being shared across diverse urban settings. To conclude, it is argued that the database plays an important productive and performative role in mapping and comparing diverse food sharing economies. Importantly, it provides a springboard for further explanatory research to fine-tune our understanding of the evolution, governance and sustainability potential of urban food sharing. 相似文献
8.
食物的加工和利用反映了古人对动植物资源的利用,而欧亚大陆东西部地区有着不同的饮食文化习惯.新疆长期以来是东西方文化交流的枢纽,是东西方饮食文化的汇聚之地.比孜里墓地位于新疆塔里木盆地南沿洛浦县,属于古于阗国的管辖范围,是丝绸之路上的重要节点之一;该墓地出土的汉晋时期食品残留物为探讨当时饮食文化提供了难得的研究材料.本文通过红外光谱分析、植物微体化石、碳氮稳定同位素分析和蛋白质组学等多种手段对出土的一个疑似食物残留物进行综合研究.结果显示,比孜里墓地出土的疑似食物遗存应为面食,其制作工艺为混合黍面和少量大麦面粉,并添加少许肉类,烤制而成.原始形状可能为圆形,与山普拉墓地兽皮袋出土样品、新疆现代肉馕相近.在面食中添加肉食可以改善口味、提高营养,可见汉晋时期先民面食制作的讲究.同时,也为先民的动植物利用、生计方式提供了丰富信息. 相似文献
9.
Daniel Novik Warshawsky 《Geoforum》2010,41(5):763-775
While some non-profits have suffered under the political and economic pressures of neoliberal urban governance reform, others have emerged as important institutional players in local governance regimes. This article highlights how non-profits food banks in Chicago have commercialized in order to respond to increased demand, enhance their institutional independence from government, and reassert their local dominance in emergency food service delivery. From a food bank member agency perspective, the consolidation of food bank institutional power has produced new bureaucratic limitations, user fees, and increased competition. These shifts reveal the rise of metropolitan food banks as important players in neoliberal urban governance regimes, as they control the conceptualization of hunger, management of poverty, and organization of food distribution systems. 相似文献
10.
粮食中重金属元素的含量水平直接关系到人体健康和社会安定与发展,是粮食安全性的重要反映。以洞庭湖产粮区系统采集的180套水稻、120件蔬菜样品为基础,采用相关标准分析、评价了样品中Cd、Hg、Pb、As等重金属元素的分布情况和安全性。研究结果表明：在以稻米为主食的每人日摄入量中,Hg、Pb均没有达到ADI（日允许摄入量）的限值,食品相对安全．而Cd的食品安全令人担忧。研究区稻米中绿色食品比例仅为60％,食品安全形势不客乐观,必须采取措施,保障人体健康的安全。 相似文献
11.
12.
重金属元素摄入总量与健康安全评估
——以湖南洞庭湖地区为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
粮食中重金属元素的含量水平直接关系到人体健康和社会安定与发展,是粮食安全性的重要反映。以洞庭湖产粮区系统采集的180套水稻、120件蔬菜样品为基础,采用相关标准分析、评价了样品中Cd、Hg、Pb、As等重金属元素的分布情况和安全性。研究结果表明：在以稻米为主食的每人日摄入量中,Hg、Pb均没有达到ADI（日允许摄入量）的限值,食品相对安全．而Cd的食品安全令人担忧。研究区稻米中绿色食品比例仅为60％,食品安全形势不客乐观,必须采取措施,保障人体健康的安全。 相似文献
13.
Using average nutritive values of food actually consumed by individuals, this paper identifies regional concentration of hunger (food poverty) and its changes over time in rural India. There is clearly a heavy concentration of hunger in the coastal states of India, with few exceptions, which has persisted over time. Hunger has declined in about half the states of India but has increased in the remaining half. Unfortunately, it seems to have increased in the states that are relatively prosperous and are surplus producers of food. Hence, increased production of food, though important, does not necessarily reduce hunger. A redeeming conclusion of the study is that there has been a general improvement in the quality of food intake, particularly in the states where food poverty has declined. 相似文献
14.
Bay scallops had minimal shell growth and lost weight on an artificial diet rich in protein (Purina’ Trout Chow’) even though they ingested the food. Two concentrations of food were used, one simulating natural levels of particulate organic carbon and another approximately 20 times the first concentration. These results and those of others indicate that high protein, artificial diets cannot be assimilated by bivalves even though phytoplankton, their natural food, is high in protein. The data suggest caution in establishing estuarien food chains based only upon food quality, quantity, and ingestion without regard to assimilation or growth. 相似文献
15.
Food is essential to life—yet the spatial and economic configuration of the conventional food system does not meet nutritional needs and exacerbates issues of food insecurity. Relevant options for policy change have been explored in light of evaluations of geographic disparities in food access, but the dominant ‘food desert’ discourse often focuses uncritically on insufficient conceptions of access. Understanding the complexity of food deserts is important for moving into meaningful policy action. We present a theoretical position to inspire future empirical research. The ecological model recognizes both endogenous and built environment factors in shaping health. Interventions in the food environment, however, often concentrate exclusively on structural determinants of health (e.g. retail-based initiatives). Yet retail-based interventions are difficult to implement due to governance systems which limit the ability of government bodies to influence private retail development. As well, recognizing the complexity of debates over the influence of structure and agency, we apply structuration theory to food deserts. Behavioral economics further informs both structural and behavioral determinants of health. This approach sidesteps the issue of victim-blaming, as all consumers are viewed as ‘predictably irrational’ in decision-making. In combining these theories, we challenge methodological and theoretical assumptions by showing the complexity of food desert interventions. Policy recommendations focus on behavioral determinants of health and the opportunities for empowerment through local food systems. These recommendations recognize the limits of translating research into policy and in devising effective food based interventions, and are sensitive to social, economic, and political constraints uncovered throughout the paper. 相似文献
16.
Whiteness, space and alternative food practice 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Rachel Slocum 《Geoforum》2007,38(3):520-533
The paper demonstrates how whiteness is produced in progressive non-profit efforts to promote sustainable farming and food security in the US. I explore whiteness by addressing the spatial dimensions of this food politics. I draw on feminist and materialist theories of nature, space and difference as well as research conducted between 2003 and the present. Whiteness emerges spatially in efforts to increase food access, support farmers and provide organic food to consumers. It clusters and expands through resource allocation to particular organizations and programs and through participation in non-profit conferences. Community food’s discourse builds on a late-modern and, in practice, ‘white’ combination of science and ideology concerning healthful food and healthy bodies. Whiteness in alternative food efforts rests, as well, on inequalities of wealth that serve both to enable different food economies and to separate people by their ability to consume. It is latent in the support of romanticized notions of community, but also in the more active support for coalition-building across social differences. These well-intentioned food practices reveal both the transformative potential of progressive whiteness and its capacity to become exclusionary in spite of itself. Whiteness coheres precisely, therefore, in the act of ‘doing good’. 相似文献
17.
黄河流域是中国重要能源和粮食主产区,然而水资源短缺已成为制约能源、粮食发展的关键要素。为优化流域水资源、能源、粮食之间的关系,引入协同学原理构建水资源-能源-粮食整体分析框架,建立具有总分结构、互馈关联的协同优化模型,采用多要素均衡智能算法,提出黄河流域粮食生产、能源开发与水资源调配一体优化的布局方案。结果表明,通过水资源-能源-粮食协同优化,2030年增加流域供水量23.98亿m3;优化了流域粮食生产布局,人均粮食产量提高12%;优选了能源产业规模和结构,煤炭开采、石油加工和火电总装机分别增加了2.86倍、4.08倍和0.80倍;在满足生活、生态环境用水的同时实现了粮食增收、能源增产。 相似文献
18.
《Geoforum》2017
This paper explores the powerful and mediating role of celebrity chefs over audience relationships with food through analysis of Jamie Oliver and his recent series Save with Jamie. The paper firstly situates the role of celebrity chefs theoretically, defining them as ‘talking labels’ who may act both as knowledge intermediaries and boundary objects to connect audiences with food in multiple ways. Here chefs actively construct and mediate discourses around ‘good food’. As trusted, credible, well-liked public figures, chefs step into out private home spaces through our televisions to convey food information in a charismatic, entertaining and accessible way. Like traditional food labels, chef’s words can be ‘sticky’ and take hold in public imaginations in a way that goes far beyond the capacity of food products labels. Yet the relationship between chefs and audiences is far from straightforward and so the paper secondly aims to explore how these talking labels are understood and ‘used’ by audiences in their everyday food practices. Drawing selectively from a large scale audience survey (n = 600) as well as the series, Save with Jamie, this paper reveals the different ways that audiences ‘talk back’ to chefs both positively and negatively to create moments of simultaneous possibility and resistance for audience relations with food. This revealed complex relationships between audiences, chefs and food. It also suggests that the powerful work on celebrity chefs functions as part of a new mediated mechanism within today’s food governance. 相似文献
19.
Food commodities, geographical knowledges and the reconnection of production and consumption: The case of naturally embedded food products 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper focuses on a particular group of food commodities, associated with the wider turn to ‘alternative food networks’, that are described as ‘naturally embedded food products’ (NEFPs). These are commodities (specifically meats and cheeses) that utilise grassland biodiversity as an input into production to positively influence, in various ways, the final qualities of the commodity. Building on the geographical literature on commodity circuits and analysing data derived from NEFP promotional materials and focus groups with urban and rural residents in the UK, the paper interrogates the geographical knowledges that are deployed by producers in the promotion of NEFPs and how these knowledges are accommodated and contested by consumers as they bring their own geographical knowledges to the interpretation of these commodities. The paper undertakes this task in order to problematise the extent to which alternative food networks in general and NEFPs in particular are bringing about a reconnection of producers and consumers and, concomitantly, a defetishisation of food, as is claimed for them by many of their policy and academic proponents. In the process the paper reveals how the food commodities associated with alternative food networks entail the creation of new and rival fetishes paradoxically as a result of efforts to ‘thicken connections’ between the production and consumption of food. 相似文献
20.
《Geoforum》2017
The aim of this paper is to extend studies of food media and racialisation by applying Nakamura’s (2002, 2008) concepts of digital race formation and cybertype to the webpages of an ethnic food tour in southwestern Sydney. Whilst the literature on food media, and racialisation and food practices are burgeoning, little attention to date has been given to racialization and gendering on food websites, and particularly those for social enterprises, which have hybrid commercial and social aims. Given that Nakamura has focused on a range of new media but not webpages, we draw on analytic frameworks on visual racism from Van Leeuwen (2008) and interactivity and aesthetics by Adami (2014, 2015) to provide a detailed case study analysis of how the visual and verbal meaning-making strategies and the technological affordance of interactivity produce racialised and gendered cybertyping and Othering. Our analysis shows that racialised femininity is deployed to touristify a region seen by racist media to be criminalised, masculine and foreign. We conclude by arguing that methods for analysing meaning-making strategies in new media need to be developed in food studies and that food social enterprises should see their representational work as part of their social mission. 相似文献