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1.
Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem in the middle-lower Yangtze River Basin in China. Study of spatial variation
of snail distribution that is related to microgeographic factors can help to choose pertinent measures for snail extinguishment
and environment rebuilding. This paper studied the theoretical architecture of weights-of-evidence approach. The case study
was made for spatial relation between the occurrence of infected snails and geographic factor combinations in Waijiazhou marshland
of Poyang Lake region in China. The multievidence data came from the geographical factor combinations by crossing operation
of vegetation coverage grade layer, cattle route distance grade layer, and special environment layer (181 combinations in
total) in GIS. The calculation of weight contrast index shows that high vegetation coverage, cattle route distance of <45
meters, and special geographic factor “ground depression” had direct spatial relation with the occurrence of infected snails.
The verification by crossing operation in GIS indicated 72.45% of the infected snails concentrated on the areas of positive
weight contrast index (sequenced in an order of weight contrast index from high to low), demonstrating the high efficiency
of the model established in finding infected snails according to the geographic factor combinations that can be explicitly
discerned in the study area.
Supported by a the National Natural Science Fundation of China (No. 30590370), the Research Project “Spatial Simulation of
Schistosomiasis Susceptible Areas in the Poyang Lake Region” Sponsored by Science Research Plan 2007 of Jiangxi Normal University
(Natural Science Category). 相似文献
2.
用路途全景图增强地理信息系统的可视性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
介绍了用路途全景图（Route panorama）组成道路网并融入地理信息系统的研究成果.为提供比道路地图更为详尽的景观信息,本文用路途全景图建立了一个可漫步的虚拟城市.路途全景图具有数据量小,形式连续,街道覆盖完全,高效采集和易于扩充等特色,可作为一个沿街建筑物和设施的图像索引.研究了获取街道景观的扫描系统,对一市区街道进行完全扫描,并对路途全景图进行信息检索.与利用3维图形建立城市模型相比,路途全景图能在因特网上实时传送,并在大区域内作连续的可视导航.其结果可应用于虚拟旅行、城市导引、历史研究、古迹保护、风土和生活方式记录以及灾害应急控制等. 相似文献
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基于RS与GIS技术的泸定县植被空间分布分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以四川省泸定县为分析研究区域,综合运用遥感图像处理技术与GIS空间分析技术,用ETM+遥感影像获取归一化植被指数(NDVI)信息并反演植被覆盖度,用地形图等高线生成数字高程模型(DEM)并提取地形因子。借助叠合分析法,讨论植被覆盖度与海拔高度、坡度、坡度变率、坡向、坡向变率5种地形因子的空间关系,得到泸定县关于地形因子的各等级植被空间分布特征。分析对地植物学中高山峡谷地区植被的地形格局分布规律研究与生态环境的评价与改良都具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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RS与GIS一体化数据结构的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
详细阐述了RS与GIS一体化的概念 ,通过对RS与GIS一体化方面的研究与分析 ,进一步明确RS与GIS一体化对空间数据存储结构的要求 ,着重探讨了几种典型的用于RS与GIS一体化的数据结构 ,针对现有数据结构存在的问题与不足 ,提出了一种具有普遍适用价值的基于语义网络的空间数据存储结构 ,并给出一个应用实例 相似文献
7.
胜利矿区植被覆盖度时序变化的空间异质性监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对胜利矿区的地理位置、气候条件等背景的分析，本文为实现获取时序性植被覆盖度的空间异质性的目的，使用ENVI、GIS、Matlab等软件，基于胜利矿区1985—2017年的Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI遥感数据计算NDVI，利用像元二分模型计算植被覆盖度，得到研究区植被覆盖度均值的时序变化情况。采用转移矩阵法和Sen+Mann-Kendall法对研究区域内不同等级的植被覆盖转移情况及变化趋势情况进行分析。研究表明：胜利矿区植被覆盖度均值波动较大，呈轻微下降趋势。在监测时段内68.36%的高植被覆盖区域植被发生了退化，只有3.2%左右的极低植被覆盖区域得到了良好的改善。此外，研究区植被覆盖度受到结构性因子和随机性因子的影响，空间异质性明显，灌溉区由于人为干涉，植被生长良好，极低植被覆盖面积维持在3%以下，植被覆盖显著下降区域主要集中在露天采坑、排土场等矿业景观区。 相似文献
8.
LIU WenbaoXIA Zongguo DENG Min 《地球空间信息科学学报》2001,4(4):37-42
1 ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｐａｔｉａｌｏｂｊｅｃｔｓｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｋｅｙｉｓｓｕｅｓｉｎｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｔｈｅｓｐａｔｉａｌｄａｔａｂａｓｅｔｈｅｏｒｙｏｆＧＩＳ (ＢｕｒｒｏｕｇｈａｎｄＭｃＤｏｎｎｅｌｌ,1 998) .Ｓｐａｔｉａｌｏｂｊｅｃｔｓｉｎｎａｔｕｒｅａｒｅｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄａｓｔｗｏｋｉｎｄｓ:ｏｂｊｅｃｔｓｗｉｔｈｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔｉｖｅｂｏｕｎｄａｒｉｅｓａｎｄｏｂ ｊｅｃｔｓｗｉｔｈｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎａｌｏｒｆｕｚｚｙ… 相似文献
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顾及空间自相关的地理国情信息统计格网尺度选择——以植被覆盖信息统计为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
统计格网尺度的不同会带来统计结果的差异,如何选择统计格网是地理国情信息统计的重要工作。本文提出了一种顾及空间自相关的地理国情信息统计格网尺度选择方法。采用地理国情普查数据,在50 m、60 m、70 m、80 m、90 m、100 m、250 m、500 m和1000 m几个尺度下,以植被覆盖信息统计为例,利用面积占优法和中心点归属法两种方法分别进行格网化,得到了不同尺度的植被格网数据;计算植被覆盖面积统计误差,分析不同尺度下植被覆盖信息的空间自相关的变化特征,并利用Moran’s I系数差值进行尺度选择,得到了植被覆盖信息统计格网的适宜尺度。以龙沙区和清涧县作为研究区域,结果表明,在地理国情植被覆盖信息统计时,不同地区的格网统计适宜尺度是不一样的,植被覆盖度中低的龙沙区的适宜尺度为100 m,而植被覆盖度高的清涧县的适宜尺度为250 m。 相似文献
10.
One of the simplest location models in terms of its constraint structure in location‐allocation modeling is the location set‐covering problem (LSCP). Although there have been a variety of geographic applications of the set‐covering problem (SCP), the use of the SCP as a facility location model is one of the most common. In the early applications of the LSCP, both potential facility sites as well as demand were represented by points discretely located in geographic space. The advent of geographic information systems (GIS), however, has made possible a greater range of object representations that can reduce representation error. The purpose of this article is to outline a methodology using GIS and K = 3 central place lattices to solve the LSCP when demand is continuously distributed over a bounded area and potential facility sites have not been defined a priori. Although, demand is assumed to exist over an area, it is shown how area coverage can be accomplished by the coverage of a point pattern. Potential facility site distributions based on spacings that are powers of one‐third the coverage distance are also shown to provide more efficient coverage than arbitrarily chosen spacings. Using GIS to make interactive adjustments to an incomplete coverage also provides an efficient alternative to smaller spacings between potential facility sites for reducing the number of facilities necessary for complete coverage. 相似文献
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GIS图层在空间数据处理管理与分析中的作用 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
图层是GIS数据组织和管理的基本单位,对空间数据进行分层是GIS对数据管理的重要内容,分层管理便于数据处理和分析,在GIS图层支持下,地图编辑、制图综合、专题制图会更加方便、准确、迅速,利用不同图层可完成查询检索、叠加分析等空间分析任务。 相似文献
13.
Waldo Tobler frequently reminded us that the law named after him was nothing more than calling for exceptions. This article discusses one of these exceptions. Spatial relations between points are frequently modeled as vectors in which both distance and direction are of equal prominence. However, in Tobler's first law of geography, such a relation is described only from the perspective of distance by relating the decreasing similarity of observations in some attribute space to their increasing distance in geographic space. Although anisotropic versions of many geographic analysis techniques, such as directional semivariograms, anisotropy clustering, and anisotropic point pattern analysis, have been developed over the years, direction remains on the level of an afterthought. We argue that, compared to distance, directional information is still under‐explored and anisotropic techniques are substantially less frequently applied in everyday GIS analysis. Commonly, when classical spatial autocorrelation indicators, such as Moran's I, are used to understand a spatial pattern, the weight matrix is only built from distance, without direction being considered. Similarly, GIS operations, such as buffering, do not take direction into account either, with distance in all directions being treated equally. In reality, meanwhile, particularly in urban structures and when processes are driven by the underlying physical geography, direction plays an essential role. In this article we ask whether the development of early GIS, data (sample) sparsity, and Tobler's law lead to a theory‐induced blindness for the role of direction. If so, is it possible to envision direction becoming a first‐class citizen of equal importance to distance instead of being an afterthought only considered when the deviation from a perfect circle becomes too obvious to be ignored? 相似文献
14.
针对全国地理国情监测工作新增树冠覆盖提取这一全新的工作任务,本文通过深入分析房屋建筑区主要地物光谱特征和纹理特征,确定以光谱特征归一化植被指数（NDVI）,以及对比度（contrast）信息熵（entropy）两个纹理特征作为判断规则,按照面向对象的思路,设计了一种综合应用高分辨率遥感影像光谱特征和纹理特征的房屋建筑区树冠覆盖范围提取方法。试验结果表明,该方法能够自动提取房屋建筑区树冠覆盖范围,大幅降低了当前常用的目视解译方法的工作量,与采用单一影像特征的提取方法相比,本文方法能够有效地区分房屋建筑区内与树冠覆盖光谱特征相近的地物要素。 相似文献
15.
The current paper presents landslide hazard analysis around the Cameron area, Malaysia, using advanced artificial neural networks with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques. Landslide locations were determined in the study area by interpretation of aerial photographs and from field investigations. Topographical and geological data as well as satellite images were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing. Ten factors were selected for landslide hazard including: 1) factors related to topography as slope, aspect, and curvature; 2) factors related to geology as lithology and distance from lineament; 3) factors related to drainage as distance from drainage; and 4) factors extracted from TM satellite images as land cover and the vegetation index value. An advanced artificial neural network model has been used to analyze these factors in order to establish the landslide hazard map. The back-propagation training method has been used for the selection of the five different random training sites in order to calculate the factor’s weight and then the landslide hazard indices were computed for each of the five hazard maps. Finally, the landslide hazard maps (five cases) were prepared using GIS tools. Results of the landslides hazard maps have been verified using landslide test locations that were not used during the training phase of the neural network. Our findings of verification results show an accuracy of 69%, 75%, 70%, 83% and 86% for training sites 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. GIS data was used to efficiently analyze the large volume of data, and the artificial neural network proved to be an effective tool for landslide hazard analysis. The verification results showed sufficient agreement between the presumptive hazard map and the existing data on landslide areas. 相似文献
16.
距离度量关系分析是GIS空间分析的重要组成部分。本文在传统的距离度量分析方法数学描述基础上,引入面向对象数据模型,将地理实体抽象为空间对象,用空间对象代替几何元素,给出了基于面向对象数据模型的地理实体距离度量关系分析方法的数学描述以及算法的实现过程。 相似文献
17.
Area Delineation and Spatial-Temporal Dynamics of Urban Heat Island in Lanzhou City,China Using Remote Sensing Imagery 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Jinghu Pan 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2016,44(1):111-127
One of the key impacts of rapid urbanization on the environment is the effect of urban heat island (UHI). By using the Landsat TM/ETM+ thermal infrared remote sensing data of 1993, 2001 and 2011 to retrieve the land surface temperature (LST) of Lanzhou City, and by adopting object-oriented fractal net evolution approach (FNEA) to make image segmentation of the LST, the UHI elements were extracted. The G* index spatial aggregation analysis was made to calculate the urban heat island ratio index (URI), and the landscape metrics were used to quantify the changes of the spatial pattern of the UHI from the aspects of quantity, shape and structure. The impervious surface distribution and vegetation coverage were extracted by a constrained linear spectral mixture model to explore the relationships of the impervious surface distribution and vegetation coverage with the UHI. The information of urban built-up area was extracted by using UBI (NDBI-NDVI) index, and the effects of urban expansion on city thermal environment were quantitatively analyzed, with the URI and the LST grade maps built. In recent 20 years, the UHI effect in Lanzhou City was strengthened, with the URI increased by 1.4 times. The urban expansion had a spatiotemporal consistency with the UHI expansion. The patch number and density of the UHI landscape were increased, the patch shape and the whole landscape tended to be complex, the landscape became more fragmented, and the landscape connectivity was decreased. The heat island strength had a negative linear correlation with the urban vegetation coverage, and a positive logarithmic correlation with the urban impervious surface coverage. 相似文献
18.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(1):16-32
Much attention has been devoted in the past to support classes of applications which are not well served by conventional database systems. Focusing on the application domain of geographic information systems (GIS), several architectural approaches have been proposed to implement commercial or prototype systems and satisfy the urgent needs for geographic data handling. However, those systems suffer from several limitations because they either perform much processing on an application layer, which is at the top of the database management system (DBMS), or the underlying data models are not rich enough to represent the spatial dimension of geographic entities. This study examines the spatial operations that should be provided by a DBMS for the application domain of GIS and focuses on the various techniques which may be used to support the efficient execution of both simple operations and composite procedures that involve the spatial dimension of geographic entities. 相似文献
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地理国情普查在批而未用土地监测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
主要介绍了基于地理国情普查和历史高分辨率遥感影像数据,对已批建设用地红线内批而未用土地进行监测的总体技术路线,并综合运用GIS空间叠置与转置分析法,研究地理国情普查试点区红线范围内地表覆盖变化特征。研究结果表明:土地供应数量呈下降趋势,城市外延扩张式土地利用模式已不可持续,内部潜力挖掘是今后的重点;试点区批而未建红线范围内主要地类为草地,开发潜力大。地理国情普查为已批建设用地监测提供了数据基础,本文设计的监测方法简便易行,结果可靠。 相似文献
20.
输变电工程选线制约因素较多,受环境影响十分明显,传统二维图选结合现场勘察的工作方式,不仅费时费力,而且无法全面掌握线路上的自然条件,导致选线效果难以保证。本文利用实景三维对输变电工程的选线规划进行了研究;在真实地理场景中进行选线范围约束、线路标绘及实景模拟,并结合空间分析技术辅助方案比选,为科学合理选线提供了一种新的思路。实践证明,在黄埠岭500kV输变电工程建设项目中,实景三维以其真实、立体、直观的表达优势,不仅可以提高选线效率和质量,还可以在穿越风景区等特殊线路段上开展景观视觉影响分析,为方案比选与论证提供科学客观的决策参考,是对输电线路数字化选线的一次深度赋能。 相似文献