共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
岩石节理表面几何特性的三维统计分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在利用三维非接触式高精度激光表面形状测定仪精确测量岩石节理的表面粗糙形状并进行数值化表达的基础上,应用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,实现了岩石节理粗糙面的三维可视化。再对岩石节理粗糙面的三维几何特性参数（诸如表面粗糙度、裂隙张开度和粗糙高度等）进行统计分析并计算频数分布的特征数字。最后,根据频率直方图的分布趋势和频数分布的特征数字研究各几何特性参数的分布规律。结果表明,花岗岩节理粗糙表面起伏比砂岩大,但二者几何特性参数的分布规律相似,节理粗糙高度和裂隙张开度分布近似于正态分布规律,而节理粗糙面倾斜角分布近似于Γ分布规律。 相似文献
2.
一种新的岩石节理面三维粗糙度分形描述方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究并提出一种新的岩石节理面三维粗糙度分形描述方法。首先,基于激光扫描数据将节理表面离散成三角网,并建立与剪切方向相关的三维均方根抵抗角的计算方法。其次,运用分形数学理论,提出一种新的基于三维均方根抵抗角的节理面粗糙度分形描述方法。最后,采用新方法对天然玄武岩节理和花岗岩张拉型节理的粗糙特性进行分析。研究结果表明,提出的新方法能够较全面地反映节理面的三维几何形貌信息,并能描述节理粗糙度的各向异性特性。研究成果为进一步建立岩石节理面的三维剪切强度公式和剪切本构理论奠定了基础。 相似文献
3.
4.
天然岩体在长期地质作用下会生成各种节理裂隙等不连续面,而地下工程结构的稳定性一般取决于这些不连续面的强度。在众多因素中,表面形态对岩石节理面剪切强度具有决定性影响。为了系统研究岩石节理面剪切强度的确定方法,把岩石节理面概化为一系列高度不同的微长方体凸起组成的粗糙表面结构,且微长方体凸起有剪胀破坏和非剪胀破坏两种模式。综合微长方体凸起破坏规律,应用概率密度函数描述节理面表面起伏分布的影响,建立了粗糙节理面随机强度模型,推导了节理面剪切强度理论公式,提出了节理面强度的随机评价方法。基于随机强度模型和评价方法编制Matlab计算程序计算自然粗糙节理面的剪切强度,并将计算结果与试验结果进行比较分析。研究表明:粗糙节理面随机强度模型综合了粗糙节理面表面形态和法向应力对节理剪切强度的影响机制,理论计算值与试验数据吻合良好,可以较好的评价粗糙节理的峰值剪切强度和残余剪切强度。该随机模型可作为进一步深入研究的重要基础,分析结构面的连续剪切过程,建立更完善的节理面强度模型。 相似文献
5.
《岩土力学》2020,(Z2)
JRC-JCS模型在岩土工程领域被广泛应用,但也存在一定缺陷：其一,粗糙度系数JRC的二维性不能综合表征节理表面形貌的各向异性;其二,抗压强度系数JCS不能全面反映材料属性对节理剪切力学行为的影响。借助三维激光扫描和3D打印技术,浇筑具有自然节理形貌的人工节理试样,对其进行常法向应力下的剪切试验。将试验结果和理论推导相结合,建立了含有三维形貌参数和抗拉强度参数的抗剪强度模型。通过室内试验以及模型对比,分析了法向应力和三维形貌特征对岩石节理的抗剪强度以及剪胀角的影响。结果表明：节理剪切是以张拉为主导的破坏模式,而不是单纯的压缩破坏。不同的三维形貌特征会得到不同的初始剪胀角。随着法向应力的增大,峰值剪胀角减小,通过研究剪胀效应中峰值剪胀角的变化规律,可用于计算岩石节理的抗剪强度。 相似文献
6.
目前对岩石结构表面粗糙度的研究往往只局限于地表,难以反映深部岩石节理粗糙度的特征。钻孔孔壁上节理轮廓线包含有三维信息的特点,本文开展了基于数字钻孔摄像技术的岩石节理粗糙度分形特征的研究,利用数字钻孔摄像系统获取地下深度岩石节理全景图,采用边缘检测技术从全景图中提取出节理轮廓线,对其进行空间变换和视距离变换得到地下岩石节理粗糙表面轮廓线的真实状况。与Barton提出的10条标准剖面曲线进行对比得到每条轮廓线的JRC值,并计算其分形维数,根据最小二乘法原理拟合出JRC与分形维数之间的关系为:(D)=JRC=-541.9x2+1362x-818.53。本文研究内容为描述地下深部天然节理的结构及其特征提供了基础,对更深入地研究地下深部岩石节理的表面空间状况有重要的意义。 相似文献
7.
《岩土力学》2020,(10)
JRC-JCS模型在岩土工程领域被广泛应用,但也存在一定缺陷:其一,粗糙度系数(JRC)的二维性不能综合表征节理表面形貌的各向异性;其二,抗压强度系数(JCS)不能全面反映材料属性对节理剪切力学行为的影响。借助三维激光扫描和3D打印技术,浇筑具有自然节理形貌的人工节理试样,对其进行常法向应力下的剪切试验。将试验结果和理论推导相结合,建立了含有三维形貌参数和抗拉强度参数的抗剪强度模型。通过室内试验以及模型对比,分析了法向应力和三维形貌特征对岩石节理的抗剪强度以及剪胀角的影响。结果表明,节理剪切是以张拉为主导的破坏模式,而不是单纯的压缩破坏。不同的三维形貌特征会得到不同的初始剪胀角。随着法向应力的增大,峰值剪胀角减小,通过研究剪胀效应中峰值剪胀角的变化规律,可用于计算岩石节理的抗剪强度。 相似文献
8.
为研究砂土充填对节理抗剪强度的影响,利用GCTS（RDS?200型）岩石剪切测试系统对4种不同摩擦系数砂土充填的粉晶大理岩节理进行了直剪试验。结果表明：相同法向应力下,未充填节理的峰值剪切应力大于充填节理的峰值剪切应力,说明砂土的存在降低了节理的剪切强度;由节理面三维形貌参数最大谷深 表征节理面粗糙程度,得到了未充填节理的峰值剪切强度公式,公式预测值与试验值基本吻合;得到了用充填砂土摩擦系数表达的充填节理峰值剪切强度公式,公式预测值与试验值较为吻合。研究结论对充填节理岩体稳定性评价具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
9.
节理裂隙控制着岩石工程的剪切滑移稳定性。现有的节理峰值抗剪强度模型多为经验模型,且较少考虑粗糙节理峰值抗剪强度的采样点距效应及各向异性。采用3D打印技术制备了5组吻合的粗糙光敏树脂节理模具,利用水泥砂浆复制了25组相同壁面强度的人工粗糙节理,开展了5种法向应力水平下节理直剪试验。基于改进的接触面积比-视倾角门槛值关系,建立了仅含一个方向性粗糙度参数的三维粗糙节理峰值抗剪强度理论模型。该理论模型除粗糙度参数外无需拟合其他参数。对比分析发现,新模型比文献中的经验模型预测精度更高。新模型预测效果受采样点距影响较小,且能有效地反映节理峰值抗剪强度的各向异性。 相似文献
10.
岩体工程中,节理面的轮廓特征是决定节理岩体剪切特性的重要因素,既往研究发现节理的表面轮廓可分解为一阶大起伏和二阶小凸起,且两者在剪切特性中发挥不同的作用。为了定量分析两阶表面特征对节理剪切强度的影响,本文通过小波分析法分解节理表面,并利用二维颗粒流数值模拟结合直剪试验验证,研究了具有不同起伏角(4°、8°、12°、16°、20°)波形节理面的细观破坏模式以及波面参数对剪切特性的影响规律。结果表明,波长对剪切强度影响较小,而起伏角是决定节理剪切强度的关键因素,随着起伏角增大剪切强度和摩擦角线性增大; 直剪切过程中裂纹数量随法向应力的增大而增加,以拉伸裂纹为主; 一阶大起伏与二阶小凸起的波形起伏角和摩擦角正相关。以上研究成果为预测节理岩体强度提供了理论支撑,对保障边坡、隧道等岩体工程的安全稳定性具有参考价值。 相似文献
11.
Barton剪切强度模型是目前工程实践中普遍采用的强度公式,而实践应用时,该模型中结构面粗糙性系数（JRC）的评估存在主观性和片面性的缺点。鉴于此,应用多重分形理论,提出了采用多重分形参数准确量化JRC的方法。首先应用数字图像处理技术获取了结构面三维形貌数据信息;然后采用投影覆盖法进行了结构面的分形维数计算,重点对结构面的多重分形特征进行了分析,通过对比分析了构造的15个结构面的多重分形特征值。结果表明：结构面越粗糙,多重分形特征参数 和 值越大, 或 能够很好地描述结构面的形貌特征。最后对9组石膏试件进行了剪切试验,通过不同正应力下对应的剪应力数据分析,结合结构面形貌多重分形参数 或 ,以Barton剪切强度公式为基础,应用最小二乘法原理,给出了JRC与 及JRC与 关系。这样在工程实际中,可以用参数 或 对JRC进行估算,克服了JRC人为估值主观性及采用二维标准轮廓线评估片面性的缺点,为准确评估结构面粗糙度提供了一条新的途径。在此基础上,应用Barton模型可准确估算岩体结构面的剪切强度。 相似文献
12.
New Peak Shear Strength Criterion of Rock Joints Based on Quantified Surface Description 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
Cai-Chu Xia Zhi-Cheng Tang Wei-Min Xiao Ying-Long Song 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(2):387-400
The prime objective of this work is to improve our understanding of the shear behavior of rock joints. Attempts are made to relate the peak shear strength of rock joints with its three-dimensional surface morphology parameters. Three groups of tensile joint replicas with different surface morphology are tested with direct shear tests under constant normal load (CNL) conditions. Firstly, the three-dimensional surface characterization of these joints is evaluated by an improved roughness parameter before being tested. Then, a new empirical criterion is proposed for these joints expressed by three-dimensional quantified surface roughness parameters without any averaging variables in such a way that a rational dilatancy angle function is used instead of ${\text{JRC}} \cdot \log_{10} \left( {{{\text{JCS}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\text{JCS}} {\sigma_{\text{n}} }}} \right. \kern-0em} {\sigma_{\text{n}} }}} \right)$ by satisfying the new peak dilatancy angle boundary conditions under zero and critical-state normal stress (not physical infinite normal stress). The proposed criterion has the capability of estimating the peak shear strength at the laboratory scale and the required roughness parameters can be easily measured. Finally, a comparison among the proposed criterion, Grasselli’s criterion, and Barton’s criterion are made from the perspective of both the rationality of the formula and the prediction accuracy for the three groups of joints. The limitations of Grasselli’s criterion are analyzed in detail. Another 37 experimental data points of fresh rock joints by Grasselli are used to further verify the proposed criterion. Although both the proposed criterion and Grasselli’s criterion have almost equal accuracy of predicting the peak shear strength of rock joints, the proposed criterion is easier and more intuitive from an engineering point of view because of its Mohr–Coulomb type of formulation. 相似文献
13.
The dynamic shear behavior of rock joints is significant to both rock engineering and earthquake dynamics. With the discrete element method (DEM), the dynamic direct-shear tests on the rough rock joints with 3D (sinusoidal or random) surface morphologies are simulated and discussed. Evolution of the friction coefficient with the slip displacement shows that the 3D DEM joint model can accurately reproduce the initial strengthening, slip-weakening, and steady-sliding responses of real rock joints. Energy analyses show that the strengthening and weakening behavior of the rock joint are mainly attributed to the rapid accumulation and release of the elastic energy in the joint. Then, effects of the surface roughness and the normal stress on the friction coefficient and the micro shear deformation mechanisms, mainly volume change and asperity damage, of the rock joint are investigated. The results show that the peak friction coefficient increases logarithmically with the increasing surface roughness, but decreases exponentially with the increasing normal stress. In addition, the rougher rock joint exhibits both higher joint dilation and asperity degradation. However, high normal stress constrains the joint dilation, but promotes the degree of asperity degradation significantly. Lastly, the effects of the 3D surface morphology on the shear behavior of the rock joint are investigated with a directional roughness parameter. It is observed that the anisotropy of the surface roughness consequently results in the variation of the peak friction coefficient of the joint corresponding to different shearing directions as well as the micro shear deformation mechanisms, e.g., the extent of joint dilation. 相似文献
14.
大型岩质滑坡往往伴随热效应, 热效应引起的摩擦系数降低可以用来解释高速远程现象。为了研究岩体结构面剪切破坏后表面热量产生特征, 首先, 分别利用红外热成像仪和三维激光扫描仪对直剪试验破坏后的结构面表面进行拍摄与扫描, 得到其表面温度分布与精细几何信息。然后, 利用数学统计方法获取剪切破坏后结构面表面温度分布情况; 利用改进的2D divider方法获得结构面表面三维模型的分形维数, 进行粗糙度评价。最后, 结合直剪试验正向应力数据, 分析岩体结构面剪切破坏后表面平均温度与其所受正应力以及粗糙程度两参数之间的拟合关系。结果显示:滑坡启程阶段(低速剪切)破坏中(1)岩体结构面表面粗糙程度影响剪切过程中热量的产生, 表面越粗糙, 产生的热量越多, 并且热量主要集中在结构面表面凸起部位; (2)岩体结构面所承受的正压力影响剪切过程中热量的产生, 正应力越大, 产生的热量越多; (3)岩体结构面表面粗糙度对剪切破坏热量产生的影响较所受正应力略大。研究成果为大型岩质滑坡破坏过程中的能量研究提供了技术参数与理论支持。 相似文献
15.
Quantitative Parameters for Rock Joint Surface Roughness 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：12
Summary
The morphologies of two artificial granite joints (sanded and hammered surfaces), one artificial regularly undulated joint
and one natural schist joint, were studied. The sanded and hammered granite joints underwent 5 cycles of direct shear under
3 normal stress levels ranging between 0.3–4 MPa. The regularly undulated joint underwent 10 cycles of shear under 6 normal
stress levels ranging between 0.5–5 MPa and the natural schist replicas underwent a monotonous shear under 5 normal stress
levels ranging between 0.4–2.4 MPa. In order to characterize the morphology of the sheared joints, a laser sensor profilometer
was used to perform surface data measurements prior to and after each shear test. Rather than describing the morphology of
the joints from the single profiles, our characterization is based on a simultaneous analysis of all the surface profiles.
Roughness was viewed as a combination of a primary roughness and a secondary roughness. The surface angularity was quantified
by defining its three-dimensional mean angle, θs, and the parameter Z2s. The surface anisotropy and the secondary roughness were respectively quantified by the degree of apparent anisotropy, k
a, and the surface relative roughness coefficient, R
s. The surface sinuosity was quantified by the surface tortuosity coefficient, T
s.
Comparison between the means of the classical linear parameters and those proposed shows that linear parameters underestimate
the morphological characteristics of the joint surfaces. As a result, the proposed bi-dimensional and tri-dimensional parameters
better describe the evolution of the joints initial roughness during the course of shearing. 相似文献
16.
Underestimation of roughness in rough rock joints 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Numerous studies have been made to improve Barton's shear strength model for the quantification of rock joints. However, in these previous studies, the roughness and shear strength of the rock joint have been underestimated especially for relatively high undulated profiles (joint roughness coefficient (JRC) >14). The main factors of roughness underestimation in rough rock joints are investigated for the proper quantification of rock joint roughness. The aliasing effect and the roughness characteristics are analyzed by using artificial joint profiles and natural rock joint profiles. A 3D camera scanner is adopted to verify the main source of underestimation when using conventional measurement methods. Shear strength tests are carried out by using two types of shear apparatus to study the roughness mobilization characteristics, which may also affect the roughness underestimation. The results of joint roughness assessment, such as aliasing and undulation of waviness, show that the roughness can be underestimated in relatively rough joint profiles (JRC>14). At least two components of roughness parameters are needed to properly represent the joint roughness, for example, the amplitude and the inclination angle of joint asperity. Roughness mobilization is affected by both the normal stress and the asperity scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
This paper presents a review of recent developments made by the authors into the modelling of rock joints in direct shear. Careful observation of laboratory direct shear testing on concrete/rock joints containing two-dimensional roughness has allowed theoretical models of behaviour to be developed. The processes modelled include asperity sliding, asperity shearing, post-peak behaviour, asperity deformation and distribution of stresses on the joint interface. Model predictions compare extremely well with laboratory test results. These models were then applied to direct shear tests on rock/rock joints, and although behaviour in general was well predicted, the strength of rock/rock joints was over-predicted. Direct shear tests have also been carried out on samples containing both two- and three-dimensional roughness to test the accuracy of the two-dimensional approximation to roughness adopted in the theoretical models. 相似文献