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1976年唐山7.8级地震的临震前和主震后的一段时间内（即7月12日至10月15日）,位于震中区的昌黎台,断续记录到一系列（共31个）形变电阻率值下降（负）的脉冲。其中的9个负脉冲断续出现在主震前半月之内,它们叠加在震前连续加速下降的形变电阻率背景值之上,构成一种特定的异常形态。该台自1969年观测以来,首次记录到这种现象。 这些形变电阻率脉冲的主要特征有:脉冲幅度超过平时观测标准误差3-20倍;脉冲形态均为低于趋势背景值的负脉冲;每个脉冲的持续时间较长,约达13个小时左右;脉冲极小值时刻逐日后延,每日延迟的时间与引潮力极值每日延迟的时间一致。这表明形变电阻率负脉冲与引潮力在成因上有联系。同时还发现唐山地震系列中的一些较强地震的发震时刻也与引潮力密切相关。认为形变电阻率负脉冲的出现,是震源介质力学性质在临震阶段发生变化的一种表现。 相似文献
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本文补充给出唐山地震后至现在(1979年5月)震中周围各台地电阻率变化的资料,并对比给出震前地电阻率值下降时段内原地的地下水位、井温的观测资料,发现唐山附近9个台震前2-3年内的地电阻率值下降是这些台自1970年建立以来唯一的较大一次,其它时段(1970-1973、1977-1979)这些台的地电阻率的平均年变化率甚小,其值基本保持不变;震后地电阻率值并不恢复,低于震前(1970-1973)的值.鉴于地下岩层电阻率的变化一般仅与测量体积内介质的含水量、受力状况及温度的变化有关,根据震前地电阻率台周围同期地下水位逐渐下降和原地井温基本保持未变的实测结果,认为震前地电阻率的变化与含水量和温度无因果关系,而主要是介质受力状态的改变所致. 相似文献
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本文再给出1976年7月唐山地震以外的我国10次地震前地电阻率(ρx)变化的震例,其中包括 M≥6的强震震例5次.每次地震前震中附近均有二个以上的台记录到(ρx)值同步变化.部分震例还对比给出地电阻率台附近测地基线的资料.发现不少地震前震中区浅层的(ρx)值有下降现象,这与唐山震例[1,2]相似,但也记录到(ρx)值上升或反复升降的例子.目的只是为了提供和积累更多的现象.因为一次大地震前,在震中附近设有地电阻率观测台而有记录的机会,就全世界来说尚是极少的.尽管这种变化仅局限于地表以下的浅层. 相似文献
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对2008年汶川8.0级地震前周边远近台站的电阻率异常特征进行了分析.离震中400 km内的郫县、甘孜、冕宁、武都四个台站基本都存在1年以上的中期异常;距震中较远的兰州台和天水台则出现了短临异常变化.总结了我国9次7级以上大震前地电阻率台观测资料,认为电阻率异常形态以负异常为主,在极值附近或转折恢复过程中发生地震.震中附近台站多数有异常,大部分为一年以上中期的变化,年变形态消失;震前能观测到短临变化;一般在极值点附近发震.较远台站部分存在异常;短期和临震异常变化相对增多;在回升过程中或异常恢复后发震. 相似文献
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1976年唐山强震发生在我国地电阻率、地磁观测、精密水准重复测量等多种观测网分布较密的地区,附近渤海沿岸还有数个长期记录的验潮站。震前地电阻率和地磁二种物理量出现了地理范围基本吻合、分布广阔的异常区。根据自然条件下岩(土)层压缩时电阻率变化的实验结果,认为只在1973～1976年间才出现的地电阻率区域下降,系地表浅层压密的结果,其压缩线应变的数量级约为3×10~(-5)。有意义的是基本在此同一区域内,1975～1976年间还观测到ΔZ和ΔF减小的效应。根据航空磁测测区内磁性地质体埋藏较深的资料及非线性压磁的实验,得知震前ΔZ、ΔF以及磁倾角减小的效应,系埋深8～25公里的磁性体非弹性体积膨胀的结果。震前精密水准测量发现,自1969年以来震中地区地面下沉,平均海平面资料表明,此下沉一直持续至地震发生。宁河(Δ=50公里)附近下沉幅度最大,可达8～12厘米。综合震前出现浅层压缩、深层膨胀、地表下沉的现象,推论唐山震前震中区附近的上部地壳(0～25公里)发生了向针弯曲现象——一种活动褶皱。唐山地震的孕育及发生便可能与此活动褶皱不断增加其挠度以致破裂有关。 相似文献
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大同—阳高地震香山,易县台形变前兆分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大同—阳高地震前,香山台连通管观测到中短期形变异常。易县台金属摆倾斜仪记录到长达数年的趋势变化,震前一年,速率加快。震前数天,倾斜固体潮汐曲线出现阶变。伸缩仪在震前数小时记录到应变脉冲和短周期扰动,在震后的几次较强余震中,亦有前兆脉冲显示。 作者依据这些震前记录,分析了这两个台各手段形变特征,结合历史资料进行论证。确认可能是大同—阳高地震的前兆信息。文中最后对综合预报过程中的若干问题作了讨论。 相似文献
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对苍山５．２级地震前距震中２３ｋｍ的临沂台深井地电观测资料进行了分析．结果表明,震前该台电阻率和自然电位出现了长达５年的与地震活动性异常同步的趋势异常．震前６个月电阻率出现下降异常．震前２４天自然电位和电阻率同时急剧下降,震后又同时急剧回升 相似文献
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1976年唐山地震前,在距震中250公里范围內已经建立了16个地电台站。震前10天内有几个台站地电阻率在较平静的趋势背景值上出现大幅度突变异常,尽管这些台站占少数,但却集中分布在发震的沧东断裂附近。 根据唐山地震震源机制解结果,以及发震构造和地下水位变化的实际资料说明,地电阻率突变异常的空间分布与唐山地震断层面是一致的,与震前地下水位变化异常带也是吻合的,地下水震前变化在时间上与地电阻率突变的出现是同步的。 相似文献
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2008年汶川MS8.0地震前,距震中450km范围内有7个视电阻率台站运行,震前记录到了不同形态和幅值的变化。本文采用断层虚位错模式,在模型中将汶川地震同震滑动位移按大小相等但方向相反的方式进行加载,计算震前产生这些同震位错所需积累的应力应变分布。计算结果表明：在100m深度,震前正应力和剪切应力主要积累区域位于龙门山断裂带两侧约100km范围内,最大应力变化量为0.5MPa;体应变积累区域与应力积累区域基本一致,最大应变值为10-5,显示这些区域在震前存在较高的挤压应力应变积累,而在这些区域外,应力应变积累程度较低。成都台和江油台位于震前主要的应力应变挤压积累集中区域,视电阻率观测数据均为震前下降-准同震阶跃-震后回升,与震前应力应变积累-震后释放的变化形式一致,这2个台站震前的异常变化与汶川地震关系密切;而甘孜台、武都台、冕宁台、小庙台和天水台位于应力应变积累较弱的区域,其视电阻率变化与汶川地震的关联性较弱。 相似文献
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分析了晋冀蒙交界地区3次6级以上地震前的电场变化,发现各台异常具有如下相似特征:1)异常形态绝大部分为阶变类型,即突升(或突降)-转平-突降(或突升)型;2)异常具有非常明显的短临特征,统计的10次异常中有9次在震前1个月内存在异常;3)异常的持续性,即地震发生后异常持续一段时间就突然恢复到原来的水平,同震结束的现象较少;4)单测向异常,即强震前一般只在台站的1个测向出现异常,文中研究的异常信息多出现在NW或EW方向,与震中方位有关;5)异常幅度与震级及震中距密切相关。最后,通过与水位资料进行对比分析,认为这类异常与地下流体的运移关系密切 相似文献
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J. Qian 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1984,122(6):901-920
Electrical resistivity measurements have been conducted as a possible means for obtaining precursory earthquake information. Before five great earthquakes (M>7,h<25 km) in China, the apparent resistivity
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showed systematic variations within a region 200 km from the epicenters. In particular, 9 stations in the Tangshan-Tianjin-Beijing region prior to the Tangshan earthquake (M=7.8,h=11 km, 27 July 1976) showed a consistent decrease of apparent resistivity around the epicenter, with a maximum resistivity change of 6% and a period of variation of 2–3 years. Simultaneous water table observations in this region showed a declining water table, and ground surface observations indicated a slight (5 mm) uplift in the epicenter region relative to its surroundings.In order to develop an explanation for the observed change of apparent resistivity associated with these great earthquakes, we have used Archie's Law to explore the effects of changes in rock porosity, water content and electrolyte resistivity on measured resistivity.Tentative conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) the apparent resistivity change is opposite to the effect expected from the simultaneous water table trend; (2) the dilatancy needed to give such resistivity variations (assuming Archie's Law holds) is much larger than that needed to explain the observed uplift (by 2–3 orders of magnitude); (3) salinity change in the pore electrolyte is a possible explanation for the variation in resistivity: an increase in the salinity would cause a proportional decrease in resistivity; the data needed to test this hypothesis, however, are lacking; and (4) the effect of changing geometry of rock pores or cracks due to pressure solution may provide an explanation for the decrease in apparent resistivity; it is different in nature from the effect of a volume change in response to stress although the geometry change is also closely related to the stress change. 相似文献
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SHIFTING SELF-CORRELATION METHOD INITIALY USED IN THE APPARENT RESISTIVITY OBSERVATION DATA 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this paper,we propose a method of seismic prediction using the geo-electric resistivity shifting self-correlation (SSC),and a numerical test is carried out using random time series analysis to verify the validity of the method.The SSC method is applied to the actual observation data of three geo-electric resistivity stations,and results are obtained as follows:(1) SSC coefficient changes in Ganzi and Shandan stations have good correspondence to earthquake,which is represented mainly by the phased increase of correlation coefficient appearing six months to a year before the earthquake.At the same time,the correlation coefficient anomalies of the two stations also exhibit strong anisotropy.(2) Although Chengdu geo-electric resistivity station had suffered serious disturbance,the correlation coefficient anomaly also has a good correspondence with earthquake.In addition to the validity of the SSC method,it may also be attributed to the magnitude of the earthquake event,the smaller distance of epicenter,and the time of the earthquake.Anisotropy also exists in the anomaly at Chengdu station.(3) By comparing the characteristics of different magnitudes of earthquakes,the results are obtained that,when the magnitude of the selected characteristic earthquake is relatively small,the amplitude of the anomaly before earthquake is different,but when the magnitude is larger,for example MS ≥ 5.0,the impact on the results of this study is very limited.In addition,we briefly discussed the anisotropy of seismic geoelectrical resistivity anomalies and the selection of the characteristic earthquake. 相似文献
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ＰｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｓｏｕｒｃｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅＪｉｎｇｔａｉｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ（Ｍ＝６．２）Ｘｕｅ－ＢｉｎＤＵ（杜学彬）；Ｚｈｉ－ＤｅＹＡＮ（闫志德）ａｎｄＭｉｎｇ－ＷｕＺＯＵ（邹明武）（ＥａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕ... 相似文献
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Seismoionospheric disturbances in the parameters of the ionospheric F 2 and sporadic E layers at the chain of the Japanese stations for vertical sounding of the ionosphere before strong crustal earthquakes with M>6.5 during the period from 1968 to 1992 have been considered. The dependence of the disturbance time of appearance in the ionospheric parameters on the earthquake magnitude and epicentral distance, obtained for each specific earthquake using the selected series of ionospheric stations, made it possible to consider these disturbances among medium-term precursors of earthquakes. The velocity of the disturbance front apparent motion has been determined based on the model of horizontal radially-isotropic disturbance propagation from the projection of the impending earthquake epicenter to the ionospheric altitudes. The conclusion has been made that the distinguished seismoionospheric disturbances follow the boundary of the earthquake preparation region, expanding on the Earth’s surface. 相似文献