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大湄公河次区域经济合作框架下二十年投资及其地域分异研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在亚洲开发银行大湄公河次区域经济合作框架下,由中国(云南和广西)、老挝、泰国、缅甸、柬埔塞和越南六国参加、亚洲开发银行、欧盟开发银行、联合国亚太经社委员会以及日本、美国等几十个国家和组织参与建立了次区域经济合作机制.自1992-2011年的20年间,总投资达到140.56亿美元.在交通、能源、经济走廊、旅游、通讯、公共卫生和人力资源、环境和贸易设施等领域启动了81个建设项目.通过这些项目的实施,以中国云南昆明-老挝南塔-泰国曼谷线、中国云南昆明-广西南宁-越南河内线和中国云南昆明-越南海防线构成的大湄公河次区域南北交通走廊并以此为基础的经济走廊的地域格局开始形成:在沟通越南岘港-老挝中部-泰国东北部-缅甸毛淡棉的东西交通走廊建设成果,成为大湄公河次区域在东西经济走廊地域格局形成的重要基础设施:在泰国曼谷-柬埔寨金边-越南胡志明市-头顿市和泰国曼谷-柬埔寨暹粒-越南归仁的沟通泰国、柬埔寨和越南的2条交通走廊构成了大湄公河次区域南部经济走廊形成的基础设施根基.大湄公河次区域经济合作机制和已经构建的南北、东两和南部交通走廊促进了该区域六国在跨境运输、国际通信、服务贸易的进一步增长,从而促进了该地域经济走廊地域格局的形成.文章提出了中国在交通走廊建设基础上,进一步开发与次区域六国和利益相关国家建设该地域政策协调机制,并与日本等贸易和投资大国共同促进从交通走廊的地域布局向物流走廊和经济走廊地域功能转化的区域发展. 相似文献
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东北亚各国自然地域相连,社会经济联系密切,形成了东北亚独特的经济地域系统。在全球变化背景下,深入探讨东北亚区域可持续发展面临的主要科学问题具有重要的理论与实践意义。东北亚区域生态经济巨系统的结构、功能和地域分异规律及其动态演变格局是该区域可持续发展的基本科学问题;驱动力因子是该区域可持续发展研究的重要问题;跨境区域社会经济可持续发展模式是该区域可持续发展的核心问题和归宿,而东北亚区域可持续发展支撑平台建设是重要的技术支撑和保障。东北亚、中亚地区作为一个资源、环境、经济和社会复杂巨系统,其可持续发展还有许多重要科学问题,需要该区域科学家联合攻关,共同探索。 相似文献
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企业所处的区域环境具有空间差异性，每个区域都有相对优势因素。所以开发利用区域环境是企业形成竞争优势的一个重要途径。本文在分析相关文献的基础上，把区域环境与企业战略相合，提出了基于区域环境的企业战略理论，认为企业应立足于区域环境是定发展战略，利用各种区域环境条件，形成竞争优势，提高企业竞争力，并采用企业跟踪调查法，对莲花集团进行案例分析。初步验证了基于区域环境的企业战略理论的科学性和实用性。 相似文献
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跨境旅游资源国际合作开发探讨--以黑龙江中俄边境段为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
由于区位的影响，边境地区往往具有发展旅游业的良好基础，但又因主权界线的划分，边境区域完整的资源系统常处于双控或多控状态而无法实现完整开发。因此，采取国际合作模式对跨境旅游资源加以开发是充分发挥边境区域资源优势，带动边境区域经济发展的必然选择，也是本文深入探讨的问题。最后，本文以中俄界江黑龙江边境区域旅游资源的实际开发为例，对跨境旅游资源国际合作开发模式予以简要论述。 相似文献
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大国力量均势与东北亚格局 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
冷战后，国际安全格局与世界经济形势发生出深刻变化。雅尔塔体系的瓦解，将东北亚维持了半个多世纪的平衡格局打破，随着21世纪美国全球战略重心由欧洲大西洋岸向西太平洋，东北亚更成为新世纪大国力量角逐，寻求新的平衡的热点区域。我国地处东北亚的腹地，其政治经济格局的演化与调整均对我国政治经济产生重大影响。因而，分析研究东北亚地萄政治经济安全态势，有利于我国在新世纪争取更大的生存发展空间。 相似文献
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本文分析惠淡澳经济走廊的区域条件、历史背景及其形成、发展和前景，探讨其对实施建设珠江三角洲经济区战略决策的意义。 相似文献
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“一带一路”倡议提出后,跨境经济合作的重要性愈发凸显。国内外学术界探讨了跨境经济合作的地缘政治环境及其合作内容,但鲜有研究深入探讨其空间组织模式历史演变。本文以布伦纳的新国家空间理论为基础,提出跨境经济合作多尺度空间组织模式的分析框架,以黑龙江和俄罗斯远东为例,探讨中俄跨境经济合作空间组织模式演变。研究表明：苏联解体后,中俄跨境经济合作空间组织模式大致经历了3个阶段：以边境贸易为主（20世纪90年代）、以境外产业园引领（2000—2013年）、以跨境交通走廊为导向（2013年至今）。20世纪80年代末,黑龙江省陆续开放对俄口岸,90年代初期中俄进入了边境贸易快速发展阶段。90年代中后期,以边境贸易为主导的中俄跨境经济合作模式危机凸显,引发2000年后以境外产业园引领的新一轮合作模式重构。2013年以后中俄两国政府开始实施以跨境交通走廊为引领的经济合作新模式。每次新模式的产生都是为解决旧有模式危机而采取的多尺度多维度要素重组的结果,新旧模式之间具有一定程度的历史依赖性。本文有助于丰富新国家空间理论,同时为中俄跨境经济高质量的发展提供科学基础。 相似文献
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在东北亚区域发展方向论述了经济快速增长，资源转移和区域贸易格局的特点，随着后分析了图们江地区开发的国际环境以及图们江发展计划，指出图们江开发的几种可能选择和图们江与东北亚经济协作前景，特别提出加强国与国之间的贸易具有重要意义。 相似文献
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戈壁荒漠区生态环境脆弱,工业化进程中的环境风险高,及时获取工业化进程中基础环境要素演变有助于监控潜在的环境风险。以克拉玛依油区为例,通过遥感获取更大区域的植被和陆表水分布时序特征,分析工业化进程中区域环境要素时空变化特征及其对周边区域环境的影响。利用1977-2016年Landsat和MSS数据,基于NDVI和湿度反演陆表植被和水域覆盖,通过回归分析和复现率获取植被和陆表水分布的时序特征,结合区域内月平均陆表温度和降水信息,分析环境要素时空演变趋势。结果表明：城镇工业区植被覆盖总体改善,存在局部的植被覆盖退化区;研究区内大区域植被覆盖呈明显持续改善,陆表水分布环境稳定,区域环境要素的时空演变表现出不同的阶段性特征;区域环境要素时空演变的空间分布格局体现与人类活动的高相关性,人类活动是区域内环境要素改变的重要影响因素。城镇工业化进程中局部的环境要素退化难以避免,合理规划人类活动,可以促进大区域环境与工业化进程的协调发展,遥感技术可以监测工业化进程与区域环境演变的相关性。 相似文献
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With the regional population growth, socioeconomic development, more and more attention has been paid to issues on the shared water allocation and the transboundary eco-security conservation during the development of water resources in the international rivers. In this paper, the existing major problems on transboundary waters in different sub-regions of Asia, such as water shortage, transboundary waters pollution, fragile eco-environment are discussed. Then, the key scientific issues to be concerned in the next study progress on the basis of the analyses of the new research directions and focus fields are raised: (1) unpredicted changes of the hydrologic and water system, and their impacts on the allocation of the sharing waters by global changes; (2) models of the international cooperation on the international rivers on the studies of international and national water laws or regulations, policies, the relative experiences and the case studies; (3) quantificational assessment on environmental flow, available water, and the comprehensive functions and values of the international watercourse system; (4) studies on transboundary aquatic bio-diversity maintenance, transboundary pollution supervision and treatment under the rules and principles accepted by the riparian states; (5) issues on transboundary compensation at the rules of “payments for using”, “payments for harm” and “compensation for benefit”; (6) using advanced 3S techniques to promote the integrated watershed development and management; and so on. 相似文献
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Management of transboundary water resources: lessons from international cooperation for conflict prevention 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Tensions over freshwater resources may become more frequent as pressures on water resources grow due to increased demand and variability of rainfall. Conflicts may take place between or within countries or between competing sectoral users. This paper focuses on institutional approaches for enhancing cooperation between countries for sustainable development of transboundary freshwater bodies and contributing basins. It is assumed that instead of being zones of conflict, shared water resources can provide a basis for cooperation and benefit–sharing provided that threats to the international waters are recognized and collaborative structures are created. The paper draws upon experiences gained within the international waters focal area of the Global Environment Facility, the main funding mechanism for countries to support the environmental management of transboundary water resources. Lessons for promoting peaceful cooperation for environmental management, benefit–sharing and sustainable use of transboundary freshwater resources are highlighted through examples from Africa, Central Asia and Latin America. Experience shows the importance of processes that bring together all sectors and actors whose actions affect the transboundary waterbody at regional, national and local levels. The development of a science–based diagnostic analysis is essential to identify the threats to the transboundary ecosystem and to break down the issues into manageable parts with the aim of developing a strategic action programme. Ensuring political commitment that can result in institutional, policy and legal reforms in the countries concerned is the key to sustainable development of the transboundary resource. 相似文献
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亚洲国际河流研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1 General situation Entering the 21st century, resource and environmental diplomacy is regarded as a new element for establishing future international patterns of cooperation. Transboundary resources and environmental issues in international river basins … 相似文献
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哈萨克斯坦是中亚地区的“大国”,与四周比邻的国家均存在跨界水体联系,有44%的地表水来自邻国。跨界河流水资源开发利用与生态环境保护问题,是涉及国家政治、经济、安全、外交大局的重大战略问题。通过分析哈国地表水分布特点,简要回顾总结了与其邻国在跨界河流方面的合作情况;对哈国所担忧的水安全问题及采取的主要对策,进行了深入剖析,并就跨界河流管理未来的合作路径、跨界河流利用未来的分水原则、哈俄跨界河流水污染未来的解决途径、中亚国家间解决咸海危机的前提条件等问题,进行了分析讨论;指出对共享水资源的管理既可以成为中亚地区和平的力量,也可能成为冲突的因素,管理这种相互依存的资源是当今国际社会面临的一项关系人类发展的重大挑战。研究哈萨克斯坦跨界河流国际合作及其对核心利益问题的观点、认识、所采取的不同策略,对于处理好中哈跨界河流问题具有积极现实意义。 相似文献
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新冠疫情对中国国际航空网络连通性的影响及空间差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
航空运输在实现各国互联互通、推动全球经济发展中发挥着重要作用。突发公共卫生事件或恶劣天气等均易对航空网络的连通性造成影响。本研究以新冠疫情为例，从全球航空网络视角探讨新冠疫情对中国国际航空网络连通性的影响及地区差异。研究结果表明：疫情期间，中国境外通航城市、国际航班、国际航线数量均大幅缩减，航空网络连通效率显著降低，但其空间格局未发生根本性变化，东亚和东南亚仍是中国对外主要联系地区，经济联系与贸易仍然起着重要作用。航线停飞对中国与中亚、西亚和大洋洲航空网络的连通性影响最大，而航班缩减对中国与东亚、中亚和东南亚航空网络的连通性影响最大。在国内，北京、上海和广州仍然是中国对外联系的枢纽城市，且其聚集度在疫情期间得到提升。 相似文献
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For over 30 years, IHP (International Hydrological Programme) has been actively operating as a UNESCO’s (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) international scientific cooperative programme in water research, water resources management, education and capacity-building, and the only broadly-based science programme of the UN (United Nations) system in this region. By a number of initiatives and networks, the IHP has progressively carried out activities on the quantity and quality of global/regional water resources, transboundary water resources management, mitigation of water related hazards, and water education. While addressing comprehensive areas over water challenges, greater emphasis has been placed on the role of water resources management for sustainable development and with respect to the expected changes in climate and environmental conditions. WWAP (World Water Assessment Programme) and its major product WWDR (World Water Development Report) in East Asia are under the framework of IHP which supports field oriented activities on monitoring freshwater, developing case studies, enhancing national assessment capacity, and facilitating decision making processes. In light of transboundary waters in IHP, RSC (Regional Steering Committee) plays a focal role for facilitating regional cooperation in the Southeast and East Asia and Pacific States. Furthermore, ISI (International Sediment Initiative) and IFI (International Flood Initiative) have significant roles, respectively, for the management of erosion and sedimentation in line with river system or reservoir management, and for the flood management focusing on capacity building of each country in East Asia. There are other major areas of concern under UNESCO’s IHP programme in East Asia, specifically in aspects including, mitigating water conflicts on transboundary aquifers through ISARM (International Shared Aquifer Resources Management), water management of arid areas through Water and Development Information for Arid Lands- A Global Network (Asian G-WADI), and sustainable management of groundwater by UNESCO Water Chair, as well as water education through the programme of Sustainable Water Integrated Management- Educational Component. 相似文献
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For over 30 years, IHP (International Hydrological Programme) has been actively operating as a UNESCO’s (United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization) international scientific cooperative programme in water research, water resources management,
education and capacity-building, and the only broadly-based science programme of the UN (United Nations) system in this region.
By a number of initiatives and networks, the IHP has progressively carried out activities on the quantity and quality of global/regional
water resources, transboundary water resources management, mitigation of water related hazards, and water education. While
addressing comprehensive areas over water challenges, greater emphasis has been placed on the role of water resources management
for sustainable development and with respect to the expected changes in climate and environmental conditions. WWAP (World
Water Assessment Programme) and its major product WWDR (World Water Development Report) in East Asia are under the framework
of IHP which supports field oriented activities on monitoring freshwater, developing case studies, enhancing national assessment
capacity, and facilitating decision making processes. In light of transboundary waters in IHP, RSC (Regional Steering Committee)
plays a focal role for facilitating regional cooperation in the Southeast and East Asia and Pacific States. Furthermore, ISI
(International Sediment Initiative) and IFI (International Flood Initiative) have significant roles, respectively, for the
management of erosion and sedimentation in line with river system or reservoir management, and for the flood management focusing
on capacity building of each country in East Asia. There are other major areas of concern under UNESCO’s IHP programme in
East Asia, specifically in aspects including, mitigating water conflicts on transboundary aquifers through ISARM (International
Shared Aquifer Resources Management), water management of arid areas through Water and Development Information for Arid Lands-
A Global Network (Asian G-WADI), and sustainable management of groundwater by UNESCO Water Chair, as well as water education
through the programme of Sustainable Water Integrated Management-Educational Component.
Author: Ramasamy Jayakumar, native of India, Ph.D, specialized in application of remote sensing, GIS, geo-statistical methods in
hydrogeological modelling and irrigation water management. 相似文献