共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
An empirical method for design of grouted bolts in rock tunnels based on the Geological Strength Index (GSI) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The procedure presented in this paper has been developed for the design of grouted rock bolts in rock tunnels during preliminary design stage. The proposed approach provides a step-by-step procedure to set up a series of practical guidelines for optimum pattern of rock bolting in a variety of rock mass qualities. For this purpose, a new formula for the estimation of the rock load (support pressure) is recommended. Due to its wide-spread acceptance in the field of rock engineering, the Geological Strength Index (GSI) is adopted in support pressure equation. For poor and very poor rock mass where the GSI < 27, the use of Modified-GSI is, instead, recommended. The supporting action is assumed to be provided by rock bolts carrying a total load defined by the rock load height. The mechanism of bolting is assumed to rely on roof arch forming and suspension principle. Integrated with support pressure function, the bolt density parameter is modified in order to provide an optimized bolt pattern for any shape of tunnel. The modified bolt density can also be used in analysis of a reinforced tunnel in terms of Ground Reaction Curve (GRC) in such a way as to evaluate the reinforced rock mass and the tunnel convergence. By doing so, the effectiveness of the bolting pattern is well evaluated. The proposed approach based on GSI is believed to overcome constrains and limitations of existing empirical bolt design methods based on RMR or Q-system, which are doubtful in poor rock mass usage. The applicability of the proposed method is illustrated by the stability analysis and bolt design of a rail-road tunnel in Turkey. 相似文献
2.
Summary In order to design roof bolting systems safely and economically, it is essential to understand the flexural behaviour of the immediate roof. Based on the strata sequence, the strata in the immediate roof are divided into three types. The flexural behaviour of the three strata types are investigated in terms of the following effects: roof span, horizontal stress, thickness and Young's modulus of the lowest strata.The suspension reinforcement mechanism is analysed using beam-column theory. The equations for the maximum bending stress, deflection and transferred bolt load for the bolted strata are derived. In the analysis, the bolt load is assumed to be a point load and a horizontal stress is uniformly applied to each stratum. The friction reinforcement mechanism is also investigated. The major function of roof bolting in this case is to create frictional resistance by tensioning the roof bolts so that the individual layers are combined into one single thick layer.A computer program and nomographs are developed for the determination of proper bolting pattern and bolt tension. It is hoped that this development can lead to maximum safety with minimum cost for the design of roof bolting systems in underground coal mines. 相似文献
3.
煤矿巷道锚杆支护的参数优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前煤矿巷道锚杆支护设计尚存在不足,造成锚杆锚固能力未能充分发挥,支护材料浪费和支护成本偏高。基于围岩与锚杆共同作用原理,通过锚杆受力监测,对锚杆支护参数进行设计,有助于充分发挥锚杆支护的优越性。针对陕西某煤矿巷道条件,通过计算和锚杆受力监测,调整锚杆参数的方法,进行锚杆支护参数设计,实现锚杆支护的参数优化。应用结果表明利用这一方法能够准确、快速地得到锚杆的支护参数,充分发挥了支护锚杆的承载能力,实现了支护优化。本文工作对改进煤矿巷道支护设计具有一定的实际意义和工程价值。 相似文献
4.
INTRODUCTIONThe stability of underground structures duringand after excavation is the most i mportant factor fordesigners because any kind of collapse may destroylarge parts of a finished tunnel,thereby causing ma-jor repairs and ti me loss.To avoid this problem,rock bolts are widely used as ani mportant support el-ement.These are economical,have a short installa-tion ti me,and provide reinforcement to maintain theintegrity of the stressed rock.The effect of the bearing capacity of rock b… 相似文献
5.
顶板覆岩破坏是造成回采工作面突水的主要原因之一,利用矿井电法进行顶板电阻率监测可以对覆岩破坏情况进行动态探查,但是超大采高工作面顶板电阻率监测面临着常规方法音频信号难以穿透、顶板监测电极埋设施工困难以及回风巷顶板监测电极难以保护等问题。为了解决上述问题,利用音频电透仪和回采工作面电阻率监测系统开展了超大采高工作面顶板电阻率监测可行性试验研究。结果显示:单极-偶极装置音频信号透视穿透距离可达340 m;锚杆可以作为监测电极进行电流发射和信号采集;可以将回风巷监测电极布置于巷道底板加以保护。在某矿超大采高工作面部署了回采工作面电阻率监测系统,信号测试结果与可行性试验的结论一致。 相似文献
6.
Hossein Jalalifar Naj Aziz Muhammad Hadi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1203-1227
Fully encapsulated rock bolting has, in recent years, become a universally accepted system of ground reinforcement in mining
and tunnel construction. The application of bolting systems extends both to rebar as well as cable bolting. The effectiveness
of the bolt application has been studied in shear, both by laboratory tests as well as by numerical modeling. A specially
constructed double shearing apparatus (DSA) was used to examine the shearing behaviour of a bolt installed perpendicularly
across two joints. The experimental study was complemented with three-dimensional numerical analysis. Parameters examined
include, the effect of reinforced material on tension/compression zones along the sheared bolt, shear resistance, shear displacement
and induced strains and stresses during bolt bending process. The study was undertaken at both free load and pretension conditions.
The conclusions drawn from the study were the level of bolt resistance to shear was influenced by bolt profile configuration,
the strength of the rock or medium influenced the level of load generated on the bolt and the increased bolt pretension contributed
to increased shearing load of the bolted medium. The numerical simulation of the bolt/medium interaction and deformational
behaviour were found to be in close agreement with the experimental test results. 相似文献
7.
8.
B. Stimpson 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1989,7(2):147-162
Summary The selection of rock bolting lengths and spacings for a mine roof or back is relatively straightforward when wedges of rock bound by discrete discontinuities require support, or when the immediate roof can be anchored into a recognizably stable layer or rock mass. When neither of these situations is present the choice of bolt lengths and spacings is more difficult.In this paper a simplified conceptual model is presented which invokes the concept of an ellipticallyshaped zone of loosening above the opening, all, or a portion of which, may require support. The analysis includes the influence of opening span, height,in situ stress state, and rock mass quality as measured by the CSIR Rock Mass Classification.Validation of the model was sought by analysing a number of case histories in the literature. 相似文献
9.
Rock bolts are widely used for rock reinforcement in hard-rock mining and civil engineering since a long time. However the use of fully grouted rock bolts and cable bolts is limited in coal mines. In order to improve performance of the rock bolts as a supplementary roof support system for any type of roof condition in coal measured formations, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the behavior of the bolt–grout and grout–rock interactions as well as the mechanism of load transfer in rock bolts.As the performance of grouted bolts depends on bond strength, extensive laboratory pullout as well as pushout tests were conducted in the present investigations with the variations in the bolt diameters, length and cement–water mixing ratios of grout. The load–displacement curves were developed and were verified with the numerical results obtained from finite element analysis using ALGOR software.Numerical models were validated for pushout tests and a detailed analysis was carried out to know the displacement, stress, strain distribution along the bolt. 相似文献
10.
锚网(索)支护煤巷顶板离层临界值分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
顶板离层是开采过程中巷道矿压显现的主要表现形式之一。离层值的大小不仅和煤层赋存条件及开采技术条件等自然因素有关,而且和巷道的尺寸、支护方式以及支护强度等直接相关。在深入分析现场顶板离层监测手段和所存问题的基础上,对锚网巷道、锚网锚索联合支护巷道的顶板离层临界值进行了系统的分析。 相似文献
11.
深部高地应力岩巷开挖后围岩内出现分区破裂现象,采用传统的原设计方案巷道稳定性差。根据巷道围岩变形破坏的现场监测结果,经过理论分析和支护试验,提出了“提高法向约束、锚杆增韧止裂、协调耦合支护、应力内部转移、分区充填注浆、增强围岩强度”的锚注一体化综合控制方法理念。并提出了相对应的综合支护技术,即首先采用高预紧力超强锚杆及时支护围岩,锚杆的长度和数量分别由监测结果和分区支护能量判据确定;其次采用高强锚索让压梁支护巷道顶板,实现锚杆、锚索的协调耦合支护和围岩应力内部转移;最后采用中空分段螺旋式注浆技术进行滞后加固。最后针对监测巷道采用锚注一体化综合控制方法和技术进行了支护优化设计并进行现场支护试验,监测结果表明,优化支护的巷道稳定性良好。 相似文献
12.
锚杆通常被作为表面粗糙的轴力杆单元进行分析,但在节理边坡加固中,由于节理面的错动,同时考虑锚杆的轴向和横向作用显得更加合理。通过理论分析,建立锚杆三弹簧单元的力学特征模型和变形特征模型,对其受力和变形进行全面分析;运用拉格朗日元数值方法(FLAC3D),建立以理想弹塑性本构Mohr-Coulomb准则为基础的节理边坡模型,应用三弹簧锚杆单元,对其锚固前后的动静态位移响应进行模拟。结果表明：节理面锚固处理后,岩体的刚度得到提高;边坡各部位的位移减小,节理两侧位移的突变值变小;锚杆对节理的上下盘岩体起到有效的拉结作用,抑制了两盘之间的较大变形位移,有利于边坡稳定。 相似文献
13.
基于块体动力学方法,考虑简谐振动地震波作用,根据Pseudo-static分析原理建立动力荷载下的锚杆支护边坡简化模型,采用解析方法对求得谐振作用下沿滑移面滑移的边坡破坏运动解以及锚杆内力解的表达式,在此基础上,提出可适用于抗震设计的锚杆受力解答。通过锚杆支护边坡的参数影响分析表明,地震波的频率对破坏体的滑动位移幅值有较大影响,在锚杆加固边坡设计中应避免免引起共振现象;锚杆间距对位移振动幅值影响也较大,随着间距的增大,位移幅值也增大;当锚杆间距一定时,随着坡高的增大,边坡滑动位移幅值增大幅度相较其他参数影响较小;随着边坡岩石边坡角度的增大,位移幅值也随之增大,下边坡角度从60°增大到90°时,位移幅值由7 cm增大到25 cm;上边坡坡度超过25°时,位移幅度急剧增大,在设计和施工中应当引起重视。 相似文献
14.
Avinash Paul A. P. Singh John Loui P Ajoy K. Singh Manoj Khandelwal 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2012,5(6):1435-1448
In underground coal mines, a lot of major fatalities have occurred due to roof fall in the newly developed faces or galleries of coal mines during the development or production of coal. There are around 500 underground coalmines in India, and continuous production or development or exploitation of coal depends upon the stability of the gateways developed in the form of galleries, which are supported in such a manner so that they can last up to that period, unless it has been finally extracted out with an operation called depillaring. A system of support design with roof bolting, resin bolting, and cable bolting for the aforesaid galleries is presently being decided on the basis of rock mass rating (RMR). The same support design has been attempted with the use of 3D numerical modeling technique—a tool nowadays very extensively used in geotechnical engineering to predict the stability of structures to be built or for the structures which are built against nature, i.e., underground mines. In this study, the support design system on the basis of RMR has also been validated with a numerical modeling technique for three locations of Monnet Ispat underground coalmine. After the study, it has been found that the numerical modeling technique can give better design of support system in underground coal mines in comparison with RMR-based support design system, and it will also play a major role in reducing the total cost incurred in coal exploitation from the underground coal mines. 相似文献
15.
煤层顶板导水裂缝带发育高度是煤矿设计部门在留设防、隔水煤柱时必须考虑的一个重要参数,对煤矿水体下采煤、顶板防治水具有重要意义。基于双阳煤矿水文地质补充勘探项目,在8#煤层采空区上方施工两个地面钻孔,采用地面钻孔钻井液漏失量实测法、钻孔电视摄像技术及传统经验公式法相结合的方法,综合确定8#煤层顶板导水裂缝带发育高度为43.7~45.7m,为地质条件相似矿区在合理确定开采上限、留设防（隔）水煤柱等问题提供方法和数据支持。 相似文献
16.
Behrooz Ghabraie Gang Ren Kazem Ghabraie Yi Min Xie 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(2):667-682
The truss bolt reinforcement system has been used in controlling the stability of underground excavations in severe ground conditions and cutter roof failure in layered rocks especially in coal mines. In spite of good application reports, working mechanism of this system is largely unknown and truss bolts are predominantly designed based on past experience and engineering judgement. In this study, the reinforcing effect of the truss bolt system on an underground excavation in layered rock is studied using non-linear finite element analysis. Different indicators are defined to evaluate the reinforcing effects of the truss bolt system. Using these indicators one can evaluate the effects of a reinforcing system on the deformation, loosened area, failure prevention, horizontal movement of the immediate layer, shear crack propagation and cutter roof failure of underground excavations. Effects of truss bolt on these indicators reveal the working mechanism of the truss bolt system. To illustrate the application of these indicators, a comparative study is conducted between three different truss bolt designs. It is shown that the design parameters of truss bolt systems, including tie-rod span, length, and angle of the bolts can have significant effects on the reinforcing capability of the system. 相似文献
17.
Summary Based on field instrumentation in eight different coal mines representing varying depths and strata conditions, a relation for obtaining the critical convergence value has been established. In development heading for bord and pillar workings this relation can be used successfully to control the premature collapse of the roof. An empirical relation for rock load has been established. This can be utilized for optimum design of support system. The roofs have been categorized as stable, short-term stable and unstable. Proper attention should be provided for an unstable roof and the support design is to be changed before the convergence reaches the critical value. 相似文献
18.
露天底境界顶柱优化是露天转井下过渡时期的重要课题,该优化问题包括多个决策变量和多个评价指标,已有方法的优化效果不够理想。针对露天转井下境界顶柱优化特点,将遗传算法与三维数值模拟相结合,研究了境界顶柱全局优化的进化数值模拟方法,给出优化的指标和步骤,并将该方法用于大杏山铁矿的露天转井下境界顶柱的优化。工程应用表明所提出的井下境界顶柱优化方法是可行的。获得的最优方案对该矿山露天转井下的采矿设计具有指导作用。 相似文献
19.
基于切顶卸压自动成巷技术原理,分析了沿空切顶巷道顶板结构演化过程,得出厚煤层快速回采切顶成巷围岩应力、位移传递机制,形成了人为主动构建“基本顶上位岩层-采空区碎胀矸石-巷道切顶短臂梁”围岩稳定结构的控制思路。提出厚煤层快速回采沿空切顶巷道围岩协同控制体系,以“恒阻大变形锚索+墩式单元支架”控制顶板,以“滑移式让位护帮结构+自移式动压防冲结构+波浪式多阻护帮锚杆”控制帮部,形成了应对顶板结构位态、碎石运动状态变化的针对性控制技术。以柠条塔煤矿S1201胶运顺槽为工程背景,完成了厚煤层快速回采条件下切顶卸压无煤柱自成巷现场工业性试验。研究表明,采高增大、采速加快后,基本顶上位岩层易引发少量不宜强制控制的回转变形,支护结构可控让位是构建围岩稳定结构的有效途径之一;巷内压力与采空区矸石运动状态密切相关,增强预裂效果有利于减少动压冲击;成巷过程中巷道顶压首先达到恒阻状态,而后位移趋于稳定,最后形成围岩稳定结构。所设计的配套支护结构可有效协同围岩运动,留巷效果良好。 相似文献
20.
为解决厚煤层大断面切眼支护难题,选取某煤矿5206切眼为研究对象,采用UDEC模拟研究了切眼宽度为6～10 m的过程中,围岩主应力差、变形、裂隙场的响应特征,结果表明：顶、底、两帮主应力差分布形态均呈浅部逐渐升高、深部降低特征;随着切眼宽增加,顶板主应力差峰值呈先恒定后降低,底板主应力差呈先降低再恒定,而两帮主应力差逐渐升高的趋势;主应力差峰值向深部转移幅度：两帮>顶板>底板。顶板和两帮深部位移曲线呈指数关系向深部递减,而底板深部变形曲线有明显拐点,呈台阶式降低,表面最大位移呈顶板>两帮>底板;围岩裂隙场分3个区：裂隙贯通区、裂隙发育区、微裂隙区,半椭圆状分布,裂隙贯通程度呈中间大于两侧、浅部大于深部。认为：高性能锚杆可以更有效地限制裂隙滑移,双桁架锚索可锚固在顶板肩角无裂隙区和深部预应力叠加区,可有效加强支护顶板,抵消部分主应力差。基于此,提出了高强、高预紧力锚带网和双桁架锚索联合控制技术,支护完成后10 d自稳,顶板累计离层3 mm,顶底板相对移近量125 mm,两帮相对移近量94 mm。 相似文献