共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 83 毫秒
1.
新滩滑坡滑动机理及稳定性评价研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
新滩滑坡为一大型堆积层滑坡，本文在勘探竖井地质调查及滑移层取样力学试验基础上，对新滩滑坡的滑动机理及其滑前滑后的稳定进行分析，指出新滩滑坡在８５年６月大滑后，其再滑的隐患仍然存在，大滑的最主要触发因素是雨水对滑移层粘土强度的影响。 相似文献
2.
鲜水河断裂带是青藏高原东部川滇地块的一条重要边界断裂,全新世以来活动强烈,断裂带沿线岩土体结构破碎强烈,在断裂活动诱发地震、断裂蠕滑和强降雨等因素作用下,断裂带沿线滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害发育密度大,危害严重。在前人研究的基础上,采用短基线集(SBAS InSAR)的方法,基于日本对地观测卫星(ALOS 1)所获得的2007—2011年期间15景PALSAR数据,对鲜水河断裂带道孚至炉霍段的活动速率进行分析计算,获取了该段断裂带内蠕滑型滑坡5年间的时间序列形变特征。研究结果表明：鲜水河断裂带道孚至炉霍段近年来以蠕滑滑动为主,蠕滑速率为(94±078) mm/a,断裂的蠕滑作用对区域构造应力场和断裂带内滑坡具有重要的控制作用,表现为距离鲜水河断裂带越近,影像间相干性越强,稳定的相干点越多,干涉效果越好,滑坡滑动累计位移越大。沿鲜水河断裂道孚至炉霍段,共识别出98个蠕滑型滑坡,沿鲜水河断裂带两侧呈线性展布,并分析了典型蠕滑型滑坡的地表形变特征。基于SBAS InSAR的雷达数据处理方法,可以有效地分析地表的缓慢变形以及区域性蠕滑型滑坡的发育发展变化规律,研究结果对于鲜水河断裂带沿线防灾减灾及类似构造活动地区的地质灾害研究具有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
3.
舟曲是我国滑坡灾害最严重的地区之一,其中断裂带滑坡活动频繁,危害巨大。文章在综合遥感、变形监测和现场调查的基础上,研究了断裂带滑坡特征及其灾害效应,提出了风险防控对策。研究表明：（1）断裂带滑坡形态上主要为长条形和簸箕形;滑体、滑床一般为板岩、千枚岩碎块石组成,滑带土为含砾黏土;滑坡具有多级、分块活动特征且块体差异性滑动特征显著;滑坡一般为慢速滑动,具有蠕滑特征;滑坡具有降雨敏感性特征,深层滑坡对降雨响应有明显的滞后性。（2）断裂带滑坡的成灾模式主要为慢速滑动过程中的蠕滑拉裂效应和冲击推挤效应,滑动后的堵江淹没效应、挤压侵蚀效应,以及社会影响效应等。（3）断裂带滑坡规模较大,地层破碎,治理条件差,工程治理措施难以奏效。但其突发性不强,应以管防为主,宜采取用地管控、监测预警、避险搬迁等防治措施,慎用工程治理措施。 相似文献
4.
甘肃南部坪定-化马断裂带滑坡变形特征及其防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以坪定-化马断裂带泄流坡滑坡为例,通过野外调查和变形监测资料分析,深入剖析了断裂带滑坡变形特征和形成机理,提出了断裂带滑坡的防治方法和治理措施。断裂带滑坡一般为大型—巨型滑坡,由多个次级滑坡体组成,历史上曾多次活动。变形监测资料表明,泄流坡滑坡变形目前处于匀速蠕变阶段,呈现蠕滑-塑流拉裂-土（石）流的变形破坏特点。断裂破碎带及其现今活动为滑坡长期蠕滑变形提供了物质基础,而降雨是滑坡体失稳下滑的主要诱发因素。断裂带滑坡按岩性可归类为松散堆积层滑坡。因此,对断裂带滑坡的防治应以防为主,以治为辅,即开展滑坡变形实时监测和群测群防,辅以滑坡表面排水、坡脚压载等措施,以减缓或防止泄流坡滑坡再次形成灾害。 相似文献
5.
三峡库区凉水井滑坡地质力学模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对凉水井滑坡两个不同的地质模型（地质模型一及地质模型二）进行了对比研究,认为地质模型二较为合理,即凉水井滑坡是顺层岩质古崩滑堆积体,目前还未形成统一连续的滑带,滑坡按不同的堆积形成秩序及稳定性相关关系分为主滑坡和后部牵引区。并对滑坡的影响因素及变形机制进行了简要分析,认为启动滑坡变形裂缝的根本原因是水库初期蓄水时库水对滑坡阻滑段的浮托、阻滑段滑带的软化和滑坡前缘表部松散坡体的侵蚀塌岸;而在水库运行条件下,滑坡的稳定性影响因素主要是降雨特别是暴雨和久雨。滑坡稳定性分析表明,滑坡自2009年5月以来一直处于缓慢的应力调整和应力释放过程中,滑坡变形总体处于蠕变状态。此外,还对滑坡的破坏模式及稳定性进行了预测分析,认为在未来特大暴雨久雨条件和库岸再造的共同作用下,滑坡表部岩土体将首先发生滑塌（模式一）,也有发生滑坡整体深层滑动破坏的可能（模式二）。 相似文献
6.
本文基于Kyoji Sassa滑坡运动模型的假设,即运动的滑坡满足牛顿流体运动方程,滑体内只存在侧压力,滑坡体积保持不变,能量损失只产生于滑面处的滑动摩擦,推导了二维滑坡运动模拟微分公式。将微分公式转化为差分公式,用Visual Basic语言编写出二维滑坡运动模拟程序。以陕西省延安市延炼原油山黄土滑坡为例,根据滑前地形,通过现场钻探揭示滑面,选择滑带土残剪试验测得的残余摩擦角作为视摩擦角,进行滑动模拟,结果与实际滑坡接近。最后以此滑动模型预测该滑坡南侧不稳定斜坡滑动的距离,对边坡滑动破坏后的危害范围做出预测。本文为滑坡滑距预测提供了一种简单、适用的方法。 相似文献
7.
汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析 总被引：51，自引：8，他引：43
汶川地震诱发的15000多处滑坡明显受地震断裂控制,主要沿龙门山主中央断裂带和后山断裂带展布,沿龙门山主中央断裂带汶川映秀安县高川北川陈家坝平武南坝一线,滑坡面密度大于50%以上,最大可达70%。沿断裂带形成了大量的松动山体,在暴雨期间极易发生滑坡、泥石流灾害,对灾后重建构成严重威胁。据初步调查,汶川地震触发的体积最大的滑坡是位于主中央断裂带上的安县高川大光包滑坡,滑动距离长4500m,滑坡堆积体长2800m,宽1700~2200m,最大厚度达580m,若以平均厚度200m计,体积达11亿m3为我国已发生的单体滑坡之最。与常见滑坡明显不同的是,汶川地震极震区滑坡的滑床往往不具连续完整的滑面,剪出口滑坡特征不明显,呈现明显的尖点突起或边缘突出特征,反映出上部滑体被地震力振动解体,甚至抛掷后与下部滑床边缘发生撞击。以阶型滑坡、凸型滑坡、勺型崩滑、座落型（振胀型）滑坡和巨大滚石5种类型最为典型。根据强震地面运动纪录和大量实例调查表明,在汶川地震极震区,触发滑坡的地震竖向力作用是非常明显的,大量滑坡经历了初始斜坡（风化碎裂岩体）地震抛掷撞击崩裂高速滑流的作用过程。 相似文献
8.
鲜水河断裂带是青藏高原东南缘一条大型左旋走滑断裂带,断裂带沿线地形地貌和地质条件复杂,历史地震频发,并诱发大量地震滑坡灾害,对重大工程建设和人民生命财产造成巨大的影响。基于鲜水河断裂带区域地震滑坡防控需要,在研究分析区域地质灾害成灾背景和发育分布特征的基础上,选取鲜水河断裂带两侧约20 km的区域,采用Newmark模型完成了鲜水河断裂带地震滑坡危险性预测评价。结果显示,地震滑坡极高危险性区、高危险区、中等危险区及低危险区分别占研究区总面积的6.28%、11.77%、33.33%和48.62%,危险性较高的地区主要分布在康定-磨西段及大渡河附近,有63.66%的地震滑坡分布在地震滑坡极高和高危险区。成功率(ROC)曲线检验结果表明,此次滑坡危险性性评价的准确率为74.3%,评价结果精确度较高。规划建设中的川藏铁路经泸定县、康定市地震滑坡危险性较高的地区,因此工程规划建设时需加强铁路隧道口附近潜在地震滑坡危害评判及防控,研究结果将为该区地质灾害防治工作和川藏铁路建设提供参考。 相似文献
9.
10.
滑坡体三维地质建模与可视化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对滑坡地质研究的自身特点,提出了面向滑坡地质体三维建模的NURBS-BRep混合数据结构和地质结构单元实体构造技术.通过对滑坡基础地质数据的预处理、滑坡数字地形和滑动面的三维建模、地质结构面的系统构造、地质结构体的生成和显示,形成了一套完整的滑坡三维地质模型的构建方法.将该方法应用于某水库滑坡,建立了相应的三维滑坡地质模型,并基于此模型进行了三维剖切分析、数字钻孔、等值线生成、滑块自动剖分、滑坡失稳可视化动态模拟和滑坡体方量精确计算等一系列实用的可视化分析,为滑坡稳定性的准确计算和客观评价提供了有力的支持. 相似文献
11.
Jalal Samia Arnaud Temme Arnold K. Bregt Jakob Wallinga John Stuiver Fausto Guzzetti Francesca Ardizzone Mauro Rossi 《Landslides》2018,15(11):2129-2144
Landslide susceptibility modelling—a crucial step towards the assessment of landslide hazard and risk—has hitherto not included the local, transient effects of previous landslides on susceptibility. In this contribution, we implement such transient effects, which we term “landslide path dependency”, for the first time. Two landslide path dependency variables are used to characterise transient effects: a variable reflecting how likely it is that an earlier landslide will have a follow-up landslide and a variable reflecting the decay of transient effects over time. These two landslide path dependency variables are considered in addition to a large set of conditioning attributes conventionally used in landslide susceptibility. Three logistic regression models were trained and tested fitted to landslide occurrence data from a multi-temporal landslide inventory: (1) a model with only conventional variables, (2) a model with conventional plus landslide path dependency variables, and (3) a model with only landslide path dependency variables. We compare the model performances, differences in the number, coefficient and significance of the selected variables, and the differences in the resulting susceptibility maps. Although the landslide path dependency variables are highly significant and have impacts on the importance of other variables, the performance of the models and the susceptibility maps do not substantially differ between conventional and conventional plus path dependent models. The path dependent landslide susceptibility model, with only two explanatory variables, has lower model performance, and differently patterned susceptibility map than the two other models. A simple landslide susceptibility model using only DEM-derived variables and landslide path dependency variables performs better than the path dependent landslide susceptibility model, and almost as well as the model with conventional plus landslide path dependency variables—while avoiding the need for hard-to-measure variables such as land use or lithology. Although the predictive power of landslide path dependency variables is lower than those of the most important conventional variables, our findings provide a clear incentive to further explore landslide path dependency effects and their potential role in landslide susceptibility modelling. 相似文献
12.
Landslide risk assessment is often a difficult task due to the lack of temporal data on landslides and triggering events (frequency), run-out distance, landslide magnitude and vulnerability. The probability of occurrence of landslides is often very difficult to predict, as well as the expected magnitude of events, due to the limited data availability on past landslide activity. In this paper, a qualitative procedure for assessing the exposure of elements at risk is presented for an area of the Apulia region (Italy) where no temporal information on landslide occurrence is available. Given these limitations in data availability, it was not possible to produce a reliable landslide hazard map and, consequently, a risk map. The qualitative analysis was carried out using the spatial multi-criteria evaluation method in a global information system. A landslide susceptibility composite index map and four asset index maps (physical, social, economic and environmental) were generated separately through a hierarchical procedure of standardising and weighting. The four asset index maps were combined in order to obtain a qualitative weighted assets map, which, combined with the landslide susceptibility composite index map, has provided the final qualitative landslide exposure map. The resulting map represents the spatial distribution of the exposure level in the study area; this information could be used in a preliminary stage of regional planning. In order to demonstrate how such an exposure map could be used in a basic risk assessment, a quantification of the economic losses at municipal level was carried out, and the temporal probability of landslides was estimated, on the basis of the expert knowledge. Although the proposed methodology for the exposure assessment did not consider the landslide run-out and vulnerability quantification, the results obtained allow to rank the municipalities in terms of increasing exposure and risk level and, consequently, to identify the priorities for designing appropriate landslide risk mitigation plans. 相似文献
13.
Statistical modelling of Europe-wide landslide
susceptibility using limited landslide inventory data 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M. Van Den Eeckhaut J. Hervás C. Jaedicke J.-P. Malet L. Montanarella F. Nadim 《Landslides》2012,9(3):357-369
In many regions, the absence of a landslide inventory hampers the production of susceptibility or hazard maps. Therefore, a method combining a procedure for sampling of landslide-affected and landslide-free grid cells from a limited landslide inventory and logistic regression modelling was tested for susceptibility mapping of slide- and flow-type landslides on a European scale. Landslide inventories were available for Norway, Campania (Italy), and the Barcelonnette Basin (France), and from each inventory, a random subsample was extracted. In addition, a landslide dataset was produced from the analysis of Google Earth images in combination with the extraction of landslide locations reported in scientific publications. Attention was paid to have a representative distribution of landslides over Europe. In total, the landslide-affected sample contained 1,340 landslides. Then a procedure to select landslide-free grid cells was designed taking account of the incompleteness of the landslide inventory and the high proportion of flat areas in Europe. Using stepwise logistic regression, a model including slope gradient, standard deviation of slope gradient, lithology, soil, and land cover type was calibrated. The classified susceptibility map produced from the model was then validated by visual comparison with national landslide inventory or susceptibility maps available from literature. A quantitative validation was only possible for Norway, Spain, and two regions in Italy. The first results are promising and suggest that, with regard to preparedness for and response to landslide disasters, the method can be used for urgently required landslide susceptibility mapping in regions where currently only sparse landslide inventory data are available. 相似文献
14.
A new method based on the chaos theory is used to assess the evolution process of a slope system. The method is applied to
the Xintan landslide and the results show: (1) the slope movement is a complex process of the slope going in and out of the
stable and chaotic state; (2) the method reveals the evolution process of the slope pointing to the slope failure while the
observed movement shows a simple monotonic increase with time; (3) the method is not sufficiently mature to precisely predict
the time of failure but it has potential for improvement with further research and more field data for analysis. 相似文献
15.
Regional-scale landslide activity and landslide susceptibility zonation in the Nepal Himalaya 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ranjan Kumar Dahal 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(12):5145-5164
Landslide susceptibility zonation mapping is a fundamental procedure for geo-disaster management in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Recently, various landslide susceptibility zonation models have been introduced in Nepal with diverse approaches of assessment. However, validation is still a problem. Additionally, the role of various predisposing causative parameters for landslide activity is still not well understood in the Nepal Himalaya. To address these issues of susceptibility zonation and landslide activity, about 4,000 km2 area of central Nepal was selected for regional-scale assessment of landslide activity and susceptibility zonation mapping. In total, 655 new landslides and 9,229 old landslides were identified with the study area with the help of satellite images, aerial photographs, field data and available reports. The old landslide inventory was “blind landslide database” and could not explain the particular rainfall event responsible for the particular landslide. But considering size of the landslide, blind landslide inventory was reclassified into two databases: short-duration high-intensity rainfall-induced landslide inventory and long-duration low-intensity rainfall-induced landslide inventory. These landslide inventory maps were considered as proxy maps of multiple rainfall event-based landslide inventories. Similarly, all 9,884 landslides were considered for the activity assessment of predisposing causative parameters. For the Nepal Himalaya, slope, slope aspect, geology and road construction activity (anthropogenic cause) were identified as most affective predisposing causative parameters for landslide activity. For susceptibility zonation, multivariate approach was considered and two proxy rainfall event-based landslide databases were used for the logistic regression modelling, while a relatively recent landslide database was used in validation. Two event-based susceptibility zonation maps were merged and rectified to prepare the final susceptibility zonation map and its prediction rate was found to be more than 82 %. From this work, it is concluded that rectification of susceptibility zonation map is very appropriate and reliable. The results of this research contribute to a significant improvement in landslide inventory preparation procedure, susceptibility zonation mapping approaches as well as role of various predisposing causative parameters for the landslide activity. 相似文献
16.
17.
Modeling of rainfall-triggered shallow landslide 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
By integrating hydrological modeling with the infinite slope stability analysis, a rainfall-triggered shallow landslide model was developed by Iverson (Water Resour Res 36:1897-1910, 2000). In Iverson’s model, the infiltration capacity is assumed to be equivalent to the saturated hydraulic conductivity for finding pressure heads analytically. However, for general infiltration process, the infiltration capacity should vary with time during the period of rain, and the infiltration rate is significantly related to the variable infiltration capacity. To avoid the unrealistically high pressure heads, Iverson employed the beta-line correction by specifying that the simulated pressure heads cannot exceed those given by the beta line. In this study, the suitability of constant infiltration capacity together with the beta-line correction for hydrological modeling and landslide modeling of hillslope subjected to a rainfall is examined. By amending the boundary condition at ground surface of hillslope in Iverson’s model, the modified Iverson’s model with considering general infiltration process is developed to conduct this examination. The results show that the unrealistically high pressure heads from Iverson’s model occur due to the overestimation of infiltration rate induced from the assumption that the infiltration capacity is identical to the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Considering with the general infiltration process, the modified Iverson’s model gives acceptable results. In addition, even though the beta-line correction is applied, the Iverson’s model still produces greater simulated pressure heads and overestimates soil failure potential as compared with the modified Iverson’s model. Therefore, for assessing rainfall-triggered shallow landslide, the use of constant infiltration capacity together with the beta-line correction needs to be replaced by the consideration of general infiltration process. 相似文献
18.
Breaching parameters of landslide dams 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
Landslide dams pose enormous risks to the public because of the potentially catastrophic floods generated by breaching of
such dams. The need to better understand the threats of landslide dams raises questions about the proper estimation of breaching
parameters (breach size, breaching duration, and peak outflow rate) of landslide dams and the feasibility of applying models
for estimating the breaching parameters of man-made earthen dams to landslide dams. This paper aims to answer these two questions.
In this study, a database of 1,239 landslide dams, including 257 cases formed during the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,
has been compiled. Based on records of 52 landslide dam cases with breaching information in the database, empirical models
for estimating the breaching parameters of landslide dams are developed. A comparison study between landslide dams and man-made
earth and rockfill dams is conducted, which shows that the models for man-made earth and rockfill dams are not suitable for
estimating the breaching parameters of landslide dams. Two case studies are presented to show the application of the set of
empirical models developed in this paper. 相似文献
19.
20.
Three-dimensional mapping of a landslide using a multi-geophysical approach: the Quesnel Forks landslide 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
A landslide located on the Quesnel River in British Columbia, Canada is used as a case study to demonstrate the utility of a multi-geophysical approach to subsurface mapping of unstable slopes. Ground penetrating radar (GPR), direct current (DC) resistivity and seismic reflection and refraction surveys were conducted over the landslide and adjacent terrain. Geophysical data were interpreted based on stratigraphic and geomorphologic observations, including the use of digital terrain models (DTMs), and then integrated into a 3-dimensional model. GPR surveys yielded high-resolution data that were correlated with stratigraphic units to a maximum depth of 25 m. DC electrical resistivity offered limited data on specific units but was effective for resolving stratigraphic relationships between units to a maximum depth of 40 m. Seismic surveys were primarily used to obtain unit boundaries up to a depth of >80 m. Surfaces of rupture and separation were successfully identified by GPR and DC electrical resistivity techniques. 相似文献