共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
We review recent observational and theoretical results concerning the presence of actinide nuclei on the surfaces of old halo stars and their use as an age determinant. We present model calculations which show that the observed universality of abundances for 56<Z<75 elements in these stars does not necessarily imply a unique astrophysical site for the r-process. Neither does it imply a universality of abundances of nuclei outside of this range. In particular, we show that a variety of astrophysical r-process models can be constructed which reproduce the same observed universal r-process curve for 56<Z<75 nuclei, yet have vastly different abundances for Z≥75 and possibly Z<56 as well. This introduces an uncertainty into the use of the Th/Eu chronometer as a means to estimate the ages of the metal deficient stars. We do find, however, that the U/Th ratio is a robust chronometer. This is because the initial production ratio of U to Th is almost independent of the astrophysical nucleosynthesis environment. The largest remaining uncertainties in the U/Th initial production ratio are due to the input nuclear physics models. 相似文献
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Garrelt Mellema 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2001,275(1-2):147-157
This review discusses the physics of the formation of planetarynebulae around low mass WR stars, or [WR] stars. It especially focuseson the differences which can be expected due to the differentcharacter of the fast winds from these [WR] stars. Their fast windsare more massive and are highly H deficient and metal enrichedcompared to the winds of normal central stars of planetarynebulae. This is expected to lead to faster expansion velocities forthe nebulae and a longer momentum-driven phase in the evolution of thewind-driven bubble, leading to more turbulent nebulae. Theobservational evidence also shows that the process which produces the[WR] stars is unlikely to influence the onset of aspherical mass loss,something which can be used as a test for models for aspherical massloss from AGB and post-AGB stars. Finally it is shown that thenebular characteristics rule out a very late He shell flash as theorigin of most [WR] stars. 相似文献
4.
Stefano Borgani 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2004,294(1-2):51-56
In my contribution I discuss the relevance that hydrodynamical simulation of clusters can play to understand the ICM physics
and to calibrate mass estimates from X-ray observable quantities. Using hydrodynamical simulations, which cover quite a large
dynamical range and include a fairly advanced treatment of the gas physics (cooling, star formation and SN feedback), I show
that scaling relations among X-ray observable quantities can be reproduced quite well. At the sametime, these simulations
fail at accounting for several observational quantities, which are related to the cooling structure of the ICM: the fraction
of stars, the temperature profiles and the gas entropy in central cluster regions. This calls for the need of introducing
in simulations suitable physical mechanisms which should regulate the cooling structure of the ICM. 相似文献
5.
JØrgen Christensen-Dalsgaard 《Solar physics》2004,220(2):137-168
The physics of solar and stellar oscillations determines their observable properties: frequencies, amplitudes, lifetimes,
line asymmetries and phase relations. In the solar case these quantities have been measured, often with high precision, and
much has been learned about the properties of the solar interior, and the properties of the oscillations. With recent advances
in observational techniques, such seismic investigations are now being extended to solar-like oscillations in distant stars.
I provide a brief overview of the basic properties of stellar oscillations, and of the information about stellar properties
that may be inferred from them, concentrating mostly on the low-degree modes for which information may be expected for distant
stars. In addition, I consider the current state of investigations of solar-like oscillations in other stars, and the prospects
for an improved understanding of the physics of such oscillations. 相似文献
6.
P. V. Tytarenko R. J. R. Williams S. A. E. G. Falle 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,337(1):117-132
We analyse the stability of a magnetized medium consisting of a neutral fluid and a fluid of charged particles, coupled to each other through a drag force and exposed to differential body forces (for example, as the result of radiation forces on one phase). We consider a uniform equilibrium and simple model input physics, but do not arbitrarily restrict the relative orientations of the magnetic field, slip velocity and wavevector of the disturbance. We find several instabilities and classify these in terms of wave resonances. We briefly apply our results to the structure of SiO maser regions appearing in the winds from late-type stars. 相似文献
7.
Jeremy S. Heyl † Lars Hernquist † 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,324(2):292-304
Recently launched X-ray telescopes have discovered several candidate isolated neutron stars. The thermal radiation from these objects may potentially constrain our understanding of nuclear physics in a realm inaccessible to terrestrial experiments. To translate the observed fluxes from neutron stars into constraints, one needs precise calculations of the heat transfer through the thin insulating envelopes of neutron stars. We describe models of the thermal structure of the envelopes of neutron stars with magnetic fields up to 1014 G. Unlike earlier work, we infer the properties of envelope models in two dimensions and precisely account for the quantization of the electron phase-space. Both dipole and uniformly magnetized envelopes are considered. 相似文献
8.
《New Astronomy》2019
Magnetic fields are observed in star forming regions. However simulations of the late stages of star formation that do not include magnetic fields provide a good fit to the properties of young stars including the initial mass function (IMF) and the multiplicity. We argue here that the simulations that do include magnetic fields are unable to capture the correct physics, in particular the high value of the magnetic Prandtl number, and the low value of the magnetic diffusivity. The artificially high (numerical and uncontrolled) magnetic diffusivity leads to a large magnetic flux pervading the star forming region. We argue further that in reality the dynamics of high magnetic Prandtl number turbulence may lead to local regions of magnetic energy dissipation through reconnection, meaning that the regions of molecular clouds which are forming stars might be essentially free of magnetic fields. Thus the simulations that ignore magnetic fields on the scales on which the properties of stellar masses, stellar multiplicities and planet-forming discs are determined, may be closer to reality than those which include magnetic fields, but can only do so in an unrealistic parameter regime. 相似文献
9.
The combination of accretion disks and supersonic jets is used to model many active astrophysical objects, viz., young stars, relativistic stars, and active galactic nuclei. However, existing theories on the physical processes by which these structures transfer angular momentum and energy from disks to jets through viscous or magnetic torques are still relatively approximate. Global stationary solutions do not permit understanding the formation and stability of these structures; and global numerical simulations that include both the disk and jet physics are often limited to relatively short time scales and astrophysically out-of-range values of viscosity and resistivity parameters that are instead crucial to defining the coupling of the inflow/outflow dynamics. Along these lines we discuss self-consistent time-dependent simulations of the launching of supersonic jets by magnetized accretion disks, using high resolution numerical techniques. We shall concentrate on the effects of the disk physical parameters, and discuss under which conditions steady state solutions of the type proposed in the self-similar models of Blandford and Payne can be reached and maintained in a self-consistent nonlinear stationary state. 相似文献
10.
Giovanni Peres 《Solar physics》1989,121(1-2):289-298
This paper discusses the hydrodynamic modeling of flaring plasma confined in magnetic loops and its objectives within the broader scope of flare physics. In particular, the Palermo-Harvard model is discussed along with its applications to the detailed fitting of X-ray light curves of solar flares and to the simulation of high-resolution Ca xix spectra in the impulsive phase. These two approaches provide complementary constraints on the relevant features of solar flares. The extension to the stellar case, with the fitting of the light curve of an X-ray flare which occurred on Proxima Centauri, demonstrates the feasibility of using this kind of model for stars too. Although the stellar observations do not provide the wealth of details available for the Sun, and, therefore, constrain the model more loosely, there are strong motivations to pursue this line of research: the wider range of physical parameters in stellar flares and the possibility of studying further the solar-stellar connection. 相似文献
11.
《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2015,(8)
We present a sample of about 120 000 red clump candidates selected from the LAMOST DR2 catalog based on the empirical distribution model in the effective temperature vs. surface gravity plane. Although, in general, red clump stars are considered as standard candles, they do not exactly stay in a narrow range of absolute magnitude, but may have a range of more than one magnitude depending on their initial mass. Consequently, conventional oversimplified distance estimations with the assumption of a fixed luminosity may lead to systematic bias related to the initial mass or age, which can potentially affect the study of the evolution of the Galaxy with red clump stars. We therefore employ an isochrone-based method to estimate the absolute magnitude of red clump stars from their observed surface gravities, effective temperatures and metallicities. We verify that the estimation removes the systematics well and provides initial mass/age estimates that are independent of distance with accuracy better than 10%. 相似文献
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《New Astronomy》2020
We have compiled infrared photometric data from the literature of practically all T Tauri stars found up to date including 444 classical T Tauri stars (CTTSs), 1698 weak-line T Tauri stars (WTTSs) and 1258 not classified T Tauri stars (3400 in total) in addition to 196 post-T Tauri stars (PTTSs). From this data bank we extract the infrared characteristics of the different groups and discuss different origins of the infrared radiation. The observational data are taken from the AKARI, IRAS, WISE and 2MASS missions. We show that in the wavelength range 1–140 μm, all T Tauri stars have infrared excesses. CTTSs have more infrared excess than WTTSs, while PTTSs have little or no infrared excess. We found that in the 1–3 μm wavelength range the infrared emission of T Tauri stars is mainly due to thermal radiation from the photosphere and hot dust grains from circumstellar envelopes. In the 3–140 μm wavelength range the infrared emission of T Tauri stars is mainly due to radiation from dusty/gaseous disks surrounding the stars. In addition, we also make a comparison between T Tauri stars and Herbig AeBe stars (HAeBe). There are some differences between these two kinds of objects in that for HAeBe stars the infrared radiation as a rule originates in dusty/gaseous disks in the 1–3 μm wavelength range, while in the range 3–12 μm it is possibly due to PAH emission for about half of HAeBe stars. In other wavelength ranges both kinds of stars have similar infrared characteristics indicating emission from dusty/gaseous disks. 相似文献
14.
G. Cayrel de Strobel Y. Lebreton C. Soubiran E.D. Friel 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1999,265(1-4):345-352
The authors of this paper try to disentangle the many problems arisen from a new enlarged sample of nearby low-mass,metal-rich-stars.
These stars have reliable absolute magnitudes, deduced from Hipparcos parallaxes, precise bolometric corrections, effective
temperatures and metal abundances from high resolution detailed spectroscopic analyses. Their ages have been derived from
a grid of isochrones calculated with up to date physics. The main goal of this paper is to determine the ages of the slightly
evolved SMR stars. Among those with well determinated ages about 80% of them have intermediate ages of (2 to 5 Gyr), but only
20% have ages of 8 Gyr or more. Nevertheless, the existence of very old metal-rich stars is confirmed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
C. Neiner D. Baade A. Fullerton C. Gry G. Hussain A. Lèbre J. Morin P. Petit J. O. Sundqvist A. ud-Doula A. A. Vidotto G. A. Wade The UVMag consortium 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2014,354(1):215-227
Important insights into the formation, structure, evolution and environment of all types of stars can be obtained through the measurement of their winds and possible magnetospheres. However, this has hardly been done up to now mainly because of the lack of UV instrumentation available for long periods of time. To reach this aim, we have designed UVMag, an M-size space mission equipped with a high-resolution spectropolarimeter working in the UV and visible spectral range. The UV domain is crucial in stellar physics as it is very rich in atomic and molecular lines and contains most of the flux of hot stars. Moreover, covering the UV and visible spectral domains at the same time will allow us to study the star and its environment simultaneously. Adding polarimetric power to the spectrograph will multiply tenfold the capabilities of extracting information on stellar magnetospheres, winds, disks, and magnetic fields. Examples of science objectives that can be reached with UVMag are presented for pre-main sequence, main sequence and evolved stars. They will cast new light onto stellar physics by addressing many exciting and important questions. UVMag is currently undergoing a Research & Technology study and will be proposed at the forthcoming ESA call for M-size missions. This spectropolarimeter could also be installed on a large UV and visible observatory (e.g. NASA’s LUVOIR project) within a suite of instruments. 相似文献
16.
We present a brief, observational review about the study of the cooling behaviour of accretion-heated neutron stars and the inferences about the neutron-star crust and core that have been obtained from these studies. Accretion of matter during outbursts can heat the crust out of thermal equilibrium with the core and after the accretion episodes are over, the crust will cool down until crust-core equilibrium is restored. We discuss the observed properties of the crust cooling sources and what has been learned about the physics of neutron-star crusts. We also briefly discuss those systems that have been observed long after their outbursts were over, i.e, during times when the crust and core are expected to be in thermal equilibrium. The surface temperature is then a direct probe for the core temperature. By comparing the expected temperatures based on estimates of the accretion history of the targets with the observed ones, the physics of neutron-star cores can be investigated. Finally, we discuss similar studies performed for strongly magnetized neutron stars in which the magnetic field might play an important role in the heating and cooling of the neutron stars. 相似文献
17.
Chandreyee Maitra 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》2017,38(3):50
With forty years since the discovery of the first cyclotron line in Her X-1, there have been remarkable advancements in the field related to the study of the physics of accreting neutron stars – cyclotron lines have been a major torchbearer in this regard, from being the only direct estimator of the magnetic field strength, a tracer of accretion geometry and an indicator of the emission beam in these systems. The main flurry of activities have centred around studying the harmonic separations, luminosity dependence, pulse phase dependence and more recently, the shapes of the line and the trend for long-term evolution in the line energy. This article visits the important results related to cyclotron lines since its discovery and reviews their significance. An emphasis is laid on pulse phase resolved spectroscopy and the important clues a joint timing and spectral study in this context can provide, to build a complete picture for the physics of accretion and hence X-ray emission in accreting neutron stars. 相似文献
18.
G. Rojas J. Gregorio-Hetem A. Hetem Jr 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,387(3):1335-1343
A detailed study was performed for a sample of low-mass pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars, previously identified as weak-line T Tauri stars, which are compared to members of the Tucanae and Horologium Associations. Aiming to verify if there is any pattern of abundances when comparing the young stars at different phases, we selected objects in the range from 1 to 100 Myr, which covers most of PMS evolution. High-resolution optical spectra were acquired at European Southern Observatory and Observatório do Pico dos Dias . The stellar fundamental parameters effective temperature and gravity were calculated by excitation and ionization equilibria of iron absorption lines. Chemical abundances were obtained via equivalent width calculations and spectral synthesis for 44 per cent of the sample, which shows metallicities within 0.5 dex solar. A classification was developed based on equivalent width of Li i 6708 Å and Hα lines and spectral types of the studied stars. This classification allowed a separation of the sample into categories that correspond to different evolutive stages in the PMS. The position of these stars in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram was also inspected in order to estimate their ages and masses. Among the studied objects, it was verified that our sample actually contains seven weak-line T Tauri stars, three are Classical T Tauri, 12 are Fe/Ge PMS stars and 21 are post-T Tauri or young main-sequence stars. An estimation of circumstellar luminosity was obtained using a disc model to reproduce the observed spectral energy distribution. Most of the stars show low levels of circumstellar emission, corresponding to less than 30 per cent of the total emission. 相似文献
19.
D. W. Kurtz 《Solar physics》2008,251(1-2):21-30
Stellar astronomers look on in envy at the wealth of data, the incredible spatial resolution, and the maturity of the theoretical understanding of the Sun. Yet the Sun is but one star, so stellar astronomy is of great interest to solar astronomers for its range of different conditions under which to test theoretical understanding gained from the study of the Sun. The rapidly oscillating peculiar A stars are of particular interest to solar astronomers. They have strong, global, dipolar magnetic fields with strengths in the range 1?–?25?kG, and they pulsate in high-overtone p modes similar to those in the Sun; thus they offer a unique opportunity to study the interaction of pulsation, convection, and strong magnetic fields, as is now done in the local helioseismology of sunspots. Some of them even pulsate in modes with frequencies above the acoustic cutoff frequency, in analogy with the highest frequency solar modes, but with mode lifetimes up to decades in the roAp stars, very unlike the short mode lifetimes of the Sun. They offer the most extreme cases of atomic diffusion, a small, but important ingredient of the standard solar model with wide application in stellar astrophysics. They are compositionally stratified and are observed and modelled as a function of atmospheric depth and thus can inform plans to expand helioseismic observations to have atmospheric depth resolution. Study of this unique class of pulsating stars follows the advanced state of studies of the Sun and offers more extreme conditions for the understanding of physics shared with the Sun. 相似文献
20.
Qian-Sheng Zhang 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2015,(4):549-568
We have developed a new stellar evolution and oscillation code YNEV,which calculates the structures and evolutions of stars,taking into account hydrogen and helium burning.A nonlocal turbulent convection theory and an updated overshoot mixing model are optional in this code.The YNEV code can evolve low-and intermediate-mass stars from the pre-main sequence to a thermally pulsing asymptotic branch giant or white dwarf.The YNEV oscillation code calculates the eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions of the adiabatic oscillations for a given stellar structure.The input physics and numerical scheme adopted in the code are introduced.Examples of solar models,stellar evolutionary tracks of low-and intermediate-mass stars with different convection theories(i.e.mixing-length theory and nonlocal turbulent convection theory),and stellar oscillations are shown. 相似文献