共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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基于数字高程模型(DEM)计算得到的坡度、坡向等地形属性是滑坡危险性评价模型的重要输入数据, DEM误差会导致地形属性计算结果不确定性, 进而影响滑坡危险性评价模型的结果。本文选择基于专家知识的滑坡危险性评价模型和逻辑斯第回归模型, 采用蒙特卡洛模拟方法, 研究DEM误差所导致的滑坡危险性评价模型结果不确定性。研究区位于长江中上游的重庆开县, 采用5 m分辨率的DEM, 以序贯高斯模拟方法模拟了不同大小(误差标准差为1 m、7.5 m、15 m)和空间自相关性(变程为0 m、30 m、60 m、120 m)的12 类DEM误差场参与滑坡危险性评价。每次模拟包括100 个实现, 通过对每次模拟分别计算滑坡危险性评价结果的标准差图层和分类一致性百分比图层, 用以评价结果不确定性。评价结果表明, 在不同的DEM精度下, 两个滑坡危险性评价模型所得结果的总体不确定性随空间自相关程度的变化趋势并不相同。当DEM空间自相关性程度不同时, 基于专家知识的滑坡危险性评价模型的评价结果总体不确定随着DEM误差增加而呈现不同的变化趋势, 而逻辑斯第回归模型的评价结果总体不确定性随着DEM误差大小增加而单调增加。从评价结果总体不确定性角度而言, 总体上逻辑斯第回归模型比基于专家知识的滑坡危险性评价模型更加依赖于DEM数据质量。 相似文献
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《The Journal of geography》2012,111(2):17-22
Abstract Field work in geography often involves an exercise in which the student is required to make some type of map. Although most areas of the United States are well mapped, seldom are extremely large-scale (larger than 1:24,000) relief maps available. A method of contour-line mapping using small contour intervals and a large scale is appropriate in teaching several mapping principles and requires only a few simple tools and the use of elementary mathematics. Percent slope is established at uniform intervals along closely spaced traverses of the area to be mapped. Spot elevations are thus established from which contour lines can be determined. Accuracy in field-data collection and care in cartography will yield a very satisfactory map of terrain characteristics of small areas. Several concepts of maps and mapping are taught through direct student involvement. 相似文献
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中国区域SRTM90m数字高程数据空值区域的填补方法比较 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
本文对中国地区SRTM90m分辨率的数字高程数据的空值区域做了提取和分析,在此基础上尝试了4种内插填补的方法,并对各种处理方法的过程及结果做了比较,从而确定先从SRTM90m数据中直接提取等高线,再内插生成DEM,用内插出来的值填补原始数据的方法在目前较为适用。此外本文还提出了一些后期处理方法以完善数据。 相似文献
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James D. Eynard Bernhard Jenny 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(10):1923-1943
Shadowed contour lines vary line width. Illuminated contour lines additionally vary color based on an angle of illumination. Illuminated and shadowed contour lines date back to the mid-nineteenth century, but their effectiveness compared to conventional contour lines has not been fully examined. Currently, illuminated and shadowed contour lines are not widely used in computer-based cartography because they are not included in most GIS apmaking software. This article introduces improvements to existing algorithms for creating illuminated and shadowed contour lines from digital elevation data. A software package is made available to allow mapmakers to more easily make customized illuminated and shadowed contour maps. A user study comparing illuminated and shadowed contour lines to conventional contour lines and shaded relief with approximately 400 participants was conducted. Results indicate that map-readers can interpret relative height differences between points better and quicker with illuminated contour lines than regular contour lines or shaded relief. Study participants were able to select absolute maxima on an unlabeled illuminated contour map and a labeled regular contour map with equal accuracy and speed. These findings suggest that illuminated contour lines could be used more frequently for improved visualization of terrain and other surface data on maps. 相似文献
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Timofey Samsonov Sergey Koshel Dmitry Walther Bernhard Jenny 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(10):2072-2093
Supplementary contour lines are placed between regular contour lines to visualize small but important forms that regular contour lines are unable to show. On topographic maps, typical forms are hillcrests, depressions, saddles, terraces, banks, and levees. No automated method for the selection of supplementary contour lines has been described so far. We document cartographic design principles for the selection of supplementary contour lines for topographic maps, and present an automated method for their placement. Results of the automated method are similar to manually placed supplementary contour lines. Our method helps map authors to create contour line maps that more effectively illustrate relevant small details in maps showing terrain elevation or other scalar fields. 相似文献
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本文讨论了IKONOS立体像对提取南极菲尔德斯半岛地区的DEM及其精度情况。由于IKONOS不提供基于共线模型所需的卫星星历参数,而提供基于有理函数(RPC)的近似模型,因此点位精度和高程精度主要由RPC模型精度来决定。直接使用RPC模型对参考级(Reference)产品进行DEM提取,其点位精度和高程精度为25m(CE90)、22m(LE90),这种精度不能满足高精度制图的要求。为了提高精度,利用中国第23次南极考察队(2006/2007)采集的控制点对RPC模型进行修正。通过对比分析表明DEM精度明显提高,影像和DEM分别能满足1∶5000比例尺遥感平面图制图要求和1∶10000比例尺地形图制图要求。 相似文献
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A new method based on orthogonal least square (OLS) of multiquadric algorithm (MOLS) is proposed for digital elevation model (DEM) generalization by the retrieval of critical points from a grid-based DEM to construct a triangulated irregular network surface. The focus is on the method for accurately obtaining the critical points, which maximally retain the important terrain feature lines. The grid-based DEM to be generalized is first approximated in terms of multiquadric method, and then the significances of the grids are assessed based on OLS method with the merit that each selected grid point gives the maximal increment to the explained variance of the desired output. We used six study sites with different terrain complexities to comparatively analyze the generalization accuracies of MOLS and the classical methods including very important method and point-additive method (Latticetin) under different numbers of retrieved significant points. The results indicate that MOLS averagely performs better than the classical methods for the original DEM generalization in terms of root mean square error. The analytical results also show that MOLS has the better ability in maintaining the feature lines inherent in the original DEM than the classical methods in terms of streamline matching rate. The perfect performance of the newly proposed method can be attributed to the high accuracy of multiquadric method for surface approximation and the effectiveness of OLS for point significance assessment. 相似文献
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等高线曲率是一个重要的地形属性,反应了地形表面在水平方向的凹凸性,表达了地表物质运动的发散和汇合模式。基于安塞县县南沟小流域的矢量等高线数据和DEM,分别利用圆拟合算法（相邻三点法、间隔三点法和最小二乘法）和曲面拟合模型（E模型、S模型和Z模型）提取等高线曲率,通过对实地地形的对比分析,结果表明：（1） 在矢量等高线数据的计算结果中,三点拟合法计算结果相比最小二乘法结果差异大,对等高线曲率空间格局分布描述更准确;（2） 最小二乘法计算的结果频数分布集中程度最高,两种三点拟合法计算结果频数曲线差别微小;（3） 在栅格数字高程模型的计算结果中,基于S模型计算结果在空间格局上较E模型和Z模型的结果差别大,基于E模型的计算结果对等高线曲率描述效果更好。结果能准确说明采用不同算法计算等高线曲率的差别,对在实际数字地形分析中有重要的意义,可为等高线曲率计算提供重要参考。 相似文献
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DEM不确定性影响评价中的填洼分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
洼地广泛存在于DEM实现中,洼地的处理会影响DEM不确定性评价结果。该文利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟DEM不确定性,用偏差指标评价DEM不确定性对坡度和地形指数的影响,将填洼与不填洼情况下的偏差指标相减来量化填洼对DEM不确定性评价的影响。研究发现,洼地对不同参数DEM不确定性影响评价作用不同,随着DEM不确定性的增大,洼地的影响也增大。 相似文献
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遥感影像可以极大地增强DEM的表达效果,然而由于各种因素的影响,通常需对其进行预处理,传统方法是通过同名控制点进行校正。该文提出一种新的自动匹配算法,即提取DEM和遥感影像对应的特征线,利用Douglas-Peucker算法提取对应的特征点,以DEM特征点为离散点进行Delaunay三角剖分,并基于TIN完成纹理映射。实验结果表明,该算法显示效果较好,可有效改善畸变图像引起的错误显示。 相似文献
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不同分辨率DEM提取地面坡度的不确定性模拟:以在黄土高原的试验为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Slope is one of the crucial terrain variables in spatial analysis and land use planning,especially in the Loess Plateau area of China which is suffering from serious soil erosion. DEM based slope extracting method has been widely accepted and applied in practice. However slope accuracy derived from this method usually does not match with its popularity. A quantitative simulation to slope data uncertainty is important not only theoretically but also necessarily to applications. This paper focuses on how resolution and terrain complexity impact on the accuracy of mean slope extracted from DEMs of different resolutions in the Loess Plateau of China. Six typical geomorphologic areas are selected as test areas, representing different terrain types from smooth to rough. Their DEMs are produced from digitizing contours of 1:10,000 scale topographic maps. Field survey results show that 5 m should be the most suitable grid size for representing slope in the Loess Plateau area. Comparative and math-simulation methodology was employed for data processing and analysis. A linear correlativity between mean slope and DEM resolution was found at all test areas,but their regression coefficients related closely with the terrain complexity of the test areas. If taking stream channel density to represent terrain complexity, mean slope error could be regressed against DEM resolution (X) and stream channel density (S) at 8 resolution levels and expressed as (0.0015S2+0.031S-0.0325)X-0.0045S2-0.155S+0.1625, with a R2 value of over 0.98. Practical tests also show an effective result of this model in applications. The new development methodology applied in this study should be helpful to similar researches in spatial data uncertainty investigation. 相似文献
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以昆明市为例，利用1：50000纸质地形图在ArcGIS中完成等高线矢量化，并在ERDAS中建立高精度的DEM数据。再采用ETM＋影像制作的昆明市正射影像作为三维表面的纹理信息，应用ERDAS IMAGINE8．7的VirtualGIS模块，在相同的投影坐标系统下，将数字高程模型（DEM）数据与遥感正射影像进行叠加实现了昆明市的三维地形可视化。 相似文献
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TANGGuoan ZHAOMudan LITianwen LIUYongmei ZHANGTing 《地理学报(英文版)》2003,13(4):387-394
Slope is one of the crucial terrain variables in spatial analysis and land use planning, especially in the Loess Plateau area of China which is suffering from serious soil erosion. DEM based slope extracting method has been widely accepted and applied in practice. However slope accuracy derived from this method usually does not match with its popularity. A quantitative simulation to slope data uncertainty is important not only theoretically but also necessarily to applications. This paper focuses on how resolution and terrain complexity impact on the accuracy of mean slope extracted from DEMs of different resolutions in the Loess Plateau of China. Six typical geomorphologic areas are selected as test areas, representing different terrain types from smooth to rough. Their DEMs are produced from digitizing contours of 1:10,000 scale topographic maps. Field survey results show that 5 m should be the most suitable grid size for representing slope in the Loess Plateau area. Comparative and math-simulation methodology was employed for data processing and analysis. A linear correlativity between mean slope and DEM resolution was found at all test areas, but their regression coefficients related closely with the terrain complexity of the test areas. If taking stream channel density to represent terrain complexity, mean slope error could be regressed against DEM resolution (X) and stream channel density (S) at 8 resolution levels and expressed as(0.0015S2 0.031S-0.0325)X-0.0045S2-0.155S 0.1625, with a R2 value of over 0.98. Practical tests also show an effective result of this model in applications. The new development methodology applied in this study should be helpful to similar researches in spatial data uncertainty investigation. 相似文献
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Cheng-Zhi Qin Li-Li Bao Rong-Xun Wang Xue-Mei Hu 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):1364-1380
Terrain attributes such as slope gradient and slope shape, computed from a gridded digital elevation model (DEM), are important input data for landslide susceptibility mapping. Errors in DEM can cause uncertainty in terrain attributes and thus influence landslide susceptibility mapping. Monte Carlo simulations have been used in this article to compare uncertainties due to DEM error in two representative landslide susceptibility mapping approaches: a recently developed expert knowledge and fuzzy logic-based approach to landslide susceptibility mapping (efLandslides), and a logistic regression approach that is representative of multivariate statistical approaches to landslide susceptibility mapping. The study area is located in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, China, and includes two adjacent areas with similar environmental conditions – one for efLandslides model development (approximately 250 km2) and the other for model extrapolation (approximately 4600 km2). Sequential Gaussian simulation was used to simulate DEM error fields at 25-m resolution with different magnitudes and spatial autocorrelation levels. Nine sets of simulations were generated. Each set included 100 realizations derived from a DEM error field specified by possible combinations of three standard deviation values (1, 7.5, and 15 m) for error magnitude and three range values (0, 60, and 120 m) for spatial autocorrelation. The overall uncertainties of both efLandslides and the logistic regression approach attributable to each model-simulated DEM error were evaluated based on a map of standard deviations of landslide susceptibility realizations. The uncertainty assessment showed that the overall uncertainty in efLandslides was less sensitive to DEM error than that in the logistic regression approach and that the overall uncertainties in both efLandslides and the logistic regression approach for the model-extrapolation area were generally lower than in the model-development area used in this study. Boxplots were produced by associating an independent validation set of 205 observed landslides in the model-extrapolation area with the resulting landslide susceptibility realizations. These boxplots showed that for all simulations, efLandslides produced more reasonable results than logistic regression. 相似文献
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Slope is one of the crucial terrain variables in spatial analysis and land use planning, especially in the Loess Plateau area of China which is suffering from serious soil erosion. DEM based slope extracting method has been widely accepted and applied in practice. However slope accuracy derived from this method usually does not match with its popularity. A quantitative simulation to slope data uncertainty is important not only theoretically but also necessarily to applications. This paper focuses on how resolution and terrain complexity impact on the accuracy of mean slope extracted from DEMs of different resolutions in the Loess Plateau of China. Six typical geomorphologic areas are selected as test areas, representing different terrain types from smooth to rough. Their DEMs are produced from digitizing contours of 1:10,000 scale topographic maps. Field survey results show that 5 m should be the most suitable grid size for representing slope in the Loess Plateau area. Comparative and math-simulation methodology was employed for data processing and analysis. A linear correlativity between mean slope and DEM resolution was found at all test areas, but their regression coefficients related closely with the terrain complexity of the test areas. If taking stream channel density to represent terrain complexity, mean slope error could be regressed against DEM resolution (X) and stream channel density (S) at 8 resolution levels and expressed as (0.0015S2+0.031S-0.0325)X-0.0045S2-0.155S+0.1625, with a R2 value of over 0.98. Practical tests also show an effective result of this model in applications. The new development methodology applied in this study should be helpful to similar researches in spatial data uncertainty investigation. 相似文献
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南极菲尔德斯半岛地区是世界各国进行极地科学考察的重要地区,该地区的高精度数字正射影像图(DOM)给极地考察提供了重要的信息支持。由于受地面控制点数量、分布以及DEM精度的影响,该地区已获取的数字正射影像图精度不能满足高精度应用需求。对此,本文讨论了利用QuickBird影像制作该地区数字正射影像图的方法,基于QuickBird影像,利用中国第25次南极考察队采集的地面控制点对正射纠正模型进行修正,并结合1∶20000比例尺地形图提取的DEM对影像进行投影差改正。误差分析表明,纠正后影像平面精度优于1m,满足1∶5000比例尺遥感平面图制图要求。 相似文献
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Wei-Ning Xiang Wendy Lee Stratton 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):499-510
Abstract Mapping variable stream buffers in a vector environment in which buffer width values are delineated often yields inaccurate results. Possible vector solutions are either ineffective or inefficient, An alternate raster approach is presented here in which a buffer effectiveness-achievement function (b-function) is introduced to map desirable buffer zones at an individual cell level based upon areal differentiations in physical and ecological conditions. The implementation of b-function is made feasible by a GIS procedure devised in this article. This tested method can be extended to a variety of variable buffer studies, such as visual buffers, noise buffers, greenways, and urban natural buffers. ‘A robe can never be made of the fur from one fox's axillae’ (A Chinese idiom). 相似文献