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1.
日益增长的无人机飞行需求与有限的低空空域之间的矛盾愈发激烈,世界各国都在推进无人机管控政策和技术手段研究,即便在最自由的美国G类非管制空域,管理当局也在制定更为严格的无人机管控措施。无人机云端管理系统作为一种新型的数字化监管手段,其系统建设框架和技术路线得到了国内外学者和监管部门的广泛关注与研究。地理信息技术作为云端管理系统的应用技术之一,具体体现在以下几方面:利用全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)实现无人机精准空间定位;通过遥感技术(RS)获取影响无人机飞行安全的地理约束要素信息;基于地理信息系统(GIS)对低空地理空间数据进行组织管理以及构建低空虚拟地理环境等。论文结合团队在无人机低空应用上的研究进展,指出地理信息技术可以在云端管理和航路规划方面为无人机运行管理提供解决方案。 相似文献
2.
Joaquín Torres-Sospedra Joan Avariento David Rambla Raúl Montoliu Sven Casteleyn Mauri Benedito-Bordonau 《International journal of geographical information science》2015,29(11):1955-1968
A Smart City relies on six key factors: Smart Governance, Smart People, Smart Economy, Smart Environment, Smart Living and Smart Mobility. This paper focuses on Smart Mobility by improving one of its key components: positioning. We developed and deployed a novel indoor positioning system (IPS) that is combined with an outdoor positioning system to support seamless indoor and outdoor navigation and wayfinding. The positioning system is implemented as a service in our broader cartography-based smart university platform, called SmartUJI, which centralizes access to a diverse collection of campus information and provides basic and complex services for the Universitat Jaume I (Spain), which serves as surrogate of a small city. Using our IPS and based on the SmartUJI services, we developed, deployed and evaluated two end-user mobile applications: the SmartUJI APP that allows users to obtain map-based information about the different facilities of the campus, and the SmartUJI AR that allows users to interact with the campus through an augmented reality interface. Students, university staff and visitors who tested the applications reported their usefulness in locating university facilities and generally improving spatial orientation. 相似文献
3.
中国社会转型带来的改革和建设不断促使大学校园走向开放与多元。针对单位式校园向社会化校园转变的趋势,研究两类校园空间的环境认知,对我国高校今后的发展与建设具有重要的理论意义。文章借鉴环境行为学方法,在探索性研究的基础上,采用调查问卷抽取环境认知与空间行为样本,通过边界与中心认知、行为地图缓冲区分析、网格统计和空间叠置等方法进行定性和定量分析,选取湖南师范大学和中南大学的本部校园作为对比案例,得出以下结论：1）社会化校园在被动地适应社会转型中融入城市系统,导致环境认知差于单位式校园;2）自然地理条件、功能格局和使用者主观意识相互交织,在时间因素的推动下,使社会化校园产生有别于单位式校园的空间行为格局;3）学生认知的发展性和社会转型环境影响的持续性,构建了环境认知与空间行为相互作用的机制。最后简单探讨了对大学校园建设的一些看法。 相似文献
4.
Decadal‐Scale Changes of the Ödenwinkelkees,Central Austria,Suggest Increasing Control of Topography and Evolution Towards Steady State 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jonathan L. Carrivick Katie Berry Martin Geilhausen William H.M. James Christopher Williams Lee E. Brown David M. Rippin Steve J. Carver 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2015,97(3):543-562
Small mountain glaciers have short mass balance response times to climate change and are consequently very important for short‐term contributions to sea level. However, a distinct research and knowledge gap exists between (1) wider regional studies that produce overview patterns and trends in glacier changes, and (2) in situ local scale studies that emphasise spatial heterogeneity and complexity in glacier responses to climate. This study of a small glacier in central Austria presents a spatiotemporally detailed analysis of changes in glacier geometry and changes in glaciological behaviour. It integrates geomorphological surveys, historical maps, aerial photographs, airborne LiDAR data, ground‐based differential global positioning surveys and Ground Penetrating Radar surveys to produce three‐dimensional glacier geometry at 13 time increments spanning from 1850 to 2013. Glacier length, area and volume parameters all generally showed reductions with time. The glacier equilibrium line altitude increased by 90 m between 1850 and 2008. Calculations of the mean bed shear stress rapidly approaching less than 100 kPA, of the volume–area ratio fast approaching 1.458, and comparison of the geometric reconstructions with a 1D theoretical model could together be interpreted to suggest evolution of the glacier geometry towards steady state. If the present linear trend in declining ice volume continues, then the Ödenwinkelkees will disappear by the year 2040, but we conceptualise that non‐linear effects of bed overdeepenings on ice dynamics, of supraglacial debris cover on the surface energy balance, and of local topographically driven controls, namely wind‐redistributed snow deposition, avalanching and solar shading, will become proportionally more important factors in the glacier net balance. 相似文献
5.
This research is motivated by the need for 3D GIS data models that allow for 3D spatial query, analysis and visualization of the subunits and internal network structure of ‘micro‐spatial environments’ (the 3D spatial structure within buildings). It explores a new way of representing the topological relationships among 3D geographical features such as buildings and their internal partitions or subunits. The 3D topological data model is called the combinatorial data model (CDM). It is a logical data model that simplifies and abstracts the complex topological relationships among 3D features through a hierarchical network structure called the node‐relation structure (NRS). This logical network structure is abstracted by using the property of Poincaré duality. It is modelled and presented in the paper using graph‐theoretic formalisms. The model was implemented with real data for evaluating its effectiveness for performing 3D spatial queries and visualization. 相似文献
6.
THANASIS HADZILACOS NECTARIA TRYFONA† 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):179-203
Abstract. A formal, yet practical, GeoRelational Data Model (GRDM) is presented for the logical database design phase of the development of spatial information systems. Geographic applications are viewed in the context of information systems development. The generic needs of modelling spatial data are analyzed; it is concluded that they are not served satisfactorily by existing data models, so specifications of modelling tools for spatial application design are given. GRDM provides a set of representational constructs (relations and layers for the logical schema; virtual layers, object classes and spatial constraints for the user views) on top of well-established models. It constitutes part of a full, easily automated application design methodology. Extensive examples demonstrate the relevance, and ease-of-use of the platform-independent GRDM. 相似文献
7.
REGINALD G. GOLLEDGE JACK M. LOOMIS ROBERTA L. KLATZKY ANDREAS FLURY XIAO LI YANG 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):373-395
Abstract This paper reports on progress towards the development of a personal guidance system for a blind navigator. The system is being developed in light of the unique problems facing the blind traveller, which are discussed first. The system consists of four modules: a locator unit, a detailed spatial database, an algorithm for path selection and a user interface. Suggestions are offered for alternative ways of handling the locator problem using a global positioning system or a database query system. The nature of the geographic information system (GIS) to be used as a host for the database is discussed, followed by brief statement of the criteria for choosing an algorithm for path selection and suggestions on types of user interfaces best suited to the system. A report on a pilot-study GIS is presented. Special problems of database and system design are highlighted. 相似文献
8.
基于广义复杂系统观,建立研究跨国公司全球研发网络投资空间组织全过程+多系统的分析框架,对跨国公司全球研发网络投资的空间组织进行多系统的解构。基于多系统的解构分析结果,对多网络系统框架下的跨国公司全球研发网络投资的空间组织过程进行分析。研究发现：① 跨国公司全球研发网络投资的空间组织组成的是一个复杂的空间巨系统,由多系统组成;② 为达到整合世界各国的优势研发创新要素目的,跨国公司全球研发网络投资空间组织在多阶段形成的多系统协同治理关系,不是相互割裂的,它们前后交叉,交替演进,共同构成跨国公司搜寻、整合和利用世界各国优势研发创新要素的全过程。 相似文献
9.
高校校园景观生态的空间格局分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
目前，高校的吸引力已不仅由师资力量决定，校园环境、合理的景观布局也成为招生的主要吸引源之一。校园景观在不同程度上影响了师生的活动与行为，构建一个风景优美、格局合理的校园非常重要。另外，随着高校的不断扩招，解决人地关系的矛盾，建设与人和谐的校园已成为各高校必须面对的问题。针对西南交通大学九里校区的生态景观实际，运用斑块、基质、廊道理论，对景观的空间格局进行分析，得出结论，并提出高校校园景观规划、建设的合理化建议。 相似文献
10.
无人机遥感在红树林资源调查中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
低空无人机（UAV,Unmanned Aerial Vehicles）遥感系统具有数据采集灵活、低成本且可快速获取超高分辨率影像的特色,是传统航空遥感和卫星遥感的重要补充。以广东省和广西壮族自治区交界处的英罗港港湾两侧为研究区域,将无人机遥感系统用于红树林资源的遥感调查,通过无人机航拍获取高分辨率影像,并且使用拼接的影像和目视解译方法提取红树林空间分布信息,进一步选择典型研究样地,采用面向对象的最近邻分类方法对红树林树种类型进行分类研究,并对比综述了无人机遥感和常规航空航天遥感技术对红树林资源调查监测的优缺点,无人机遥感系统非常适用于红树林资源调查。通过2 h 30 min的3架次无人机航飞工作,获取了研究区域25.29 km2的无人机影像,基于无人机影像和面向对象遥感分类方法提取的红树林空间分布信息精度超过了90%。未来无人机遥感系统将可成为调查和监测红树林资源的重要技术手段,可为相关管理部门对红树林资源的保护、管理、开发等方面的工作提供基础信息和技术支持。 相似文献
11.
虚拟地理环境和地学认知检验——以澳大利亚维多利亚省卡集洼汇水盆地为例 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
虚拟环境技术以GIS图形图像数据、景观纹理等信息为输入,利用高性能的计算机图形设备和技术,生成具有近似真实感受效果的模拟环境,便于认知主体以更自然的交互方式、更直观的视景、更逼真的感受探索虚拟环境,形成对现实环境的正确认识,开发空间智能。本文以澳大利亚维多利亚省卡集洼(Cudgewa)汇水盆地为实验地,应用虚拟环境技术,模拟现实环境。然后,应用认知科学的方法,检验虚拟环境技术应用的有效性、虚拟地理环境的真实性和环境认知的可靠性,为虚拟环境技术的地学研究提供方法论基础 相似文献
12.
JOHN HASLETT GRAHAM WILLS ANTONY UNWIN 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(3):285-296
Interactive statistical graphics are reviewed in the contexts of spatial data and geographical information systems (GIS). GIS provide the user with an active geographical view of the data—a map that can be used as an entry point to the data base. Prototype software—SPIDER—illustrates the possibilities of using statistical graphics as further views of the data, which can be made active and thus provide alternative means of querying the data. These views can be cross-referenced by 'linking'. It is argued that such a system can provide a very rich environment for pursuing exploratory statistical analysis of spatial data. 相似文献
13.
The influence of environmental familiarity on spatial knowledge development in the context of campuses and their surrounding environments has been well documented. However, existing studies have rarely stressed the distinction between the architectural styles of a campus and its surrounding environment. This study thus targets a campus with a historical architectural style that contrasts strongly with the surrounding modern environment, to gain a fresh view on how spatial knowledge develops with environmental familiarity on such a unique campus. This study recruited 30 freshmen and 28 sophomores to complete landmark selection, route sketching, and distance estimation tasks used to measure their spatial knowledge. The results mainly revealed that spatial knowledge developed by freshmen and sophomores stayed at a similar level as no significant differences were detected. As such, the key implication of this study is that spatial knowledge could be developed to the largest cognitive extent within a short period (i.e., 1.5 months) after students have entered a new campus in which the architectural style contrasts strongly with its surrounding environment. Increased environmental familiarity did not significantly promote their spatial knowledge development as sophomores with about an added year of campus stay performed similarly to freshmen. 相似文献
14.
Ruijun Zhong Wanxia Zhao Yonghua Zou Robert J. Mason 《The Professional geographer》2018,70(2):175-185
China has witnessed unprecedented growth of its universities in recent years. Because they function as a sort of urban quasi-public good, university campuses generate a variety of externalities within surrounding communities, including their impacts on adjacent housing markets. Through an analysis of the case of Nanjing, China, this study attempts to quantify the association between university campuses and housing markets in China and to help policymakers, planners, and community members better understand campus–community relationships more generally. The study yields the following findings. First, university campuses have been capitalized into the housing prices of their neighboring communities in Nanjing. Second, in the proximate communities, university campus spillover benefits involve trade-offs with the amenity values of other public goods. Third, campus capitalization effects vary across different tiers of universities. Based on the empirical results, we offer several policy implications, key among which are that policymakers need to acknowledge and rationally distribute the potential spillover benefits of the campus to multiple stakeholders; campus and residential communities should be planned synergistically to optimize land use efficiency; and universities should be fully engaged with their surrounding communities to maximize mutual benefits. 相似文献
15.
一种基于GIS与Multi-Agent System 的城市交通管理虚拟实验系统 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张仁军 《地理与地理信息科学》2005,21(3):43-46
该文从研究城市交通系统中个体的空间行为特征出发,开发城市交通管理虚拟实验系统(VLUTM),该系统利用GIS管理城市交通系统的空间数据,用Multi-Agent System模拟城市交通系统中个体的空间行为。VLUTM引入最佳路径表实现动态最佳路径的快速检索;采用矢量一栅格形式表达城市道路;用Agent状态数据库记录个体在不同时刻的位置与状态。VLUTM供实验条件输入模块和实验结果分析模块,用户可根据实际情况自定义实验内容,可对实验结果进行可视化分析和指标分析。 相似文献
16.
新疆荒漠地区植被覆盖度遥感估算模型十分缺乏,给荒漠化监测等相关工作带来很大不便,开展植被覆盖度遥感估算经验模型研究,对于促进和完善相关地区的生态监测及研究工作具有积极的现实意义。通过对阜康市北部沙漠南缘和克拉玛依市中部平原荒漠进行无人机航拍,利用无人机遥感提取（光合）植被信息,并将无人机航拍影像的植被覆盖度统计单元与高分辨率卫星影像像元在空间上直接相对应,获取在高分辨率卫星影像像元尺度上的植被盖度,然后通过植被覆盖度和空间上与其相对应的源自高分辨率卫星影像的NDVI数据的拟合关系,建立基于源自高分二号影像的NDVI的阜康北部沙漠植被覆盖度遥感估算线性模型以及基于源自ZY1-02C影像的NDVI的克拉玛依平原荒漠植被覆盖度遥感估算二次多项式模型。研究中所采用的无人机遥感与卫星遥感相结合、植被覆盖度统计单元与卫星像元在空间上直接对应的方法,可避免以往相关工作中常以点位测量数据代表卫星像元数据所带来的不确定性。由于所用卫星影像的NDVI数据稳定性相对不足等原因,所建立的遥感估算模型的估算精度尚相对偏低,有待于今后进一步的工作加以改进。 相似文献
17.
Heidrun A. Ullerud Anders Bryn Helle Skånes 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2019,73(5):301-317
ABSTRACTThe abstract classification system Nature in Norway (NiN) has detailed ecological definitions of a high number of ecosystem units, but its applicability in practical vegetation mapping is unknown because it was not designed with a specific mapping method in mind. To investigate this further, two methods for mapping – 3D aerial photographic interpretation of colour infrared photos and field survey – were used to map comparable neighbouring sites of 1 km2 in Hvaler Municipality, south-eastern Norway. The classification accuracy of each method was evaluated using a consensus classification of 160 randomly distributed plots within the study sites. The results showed an overall classification accuracy of 62.5% for 3D aerial photographic interpretation and 82.5% for field survey. However, the accuracy varied for the ecosystem units mapped. The classification accuracy of ecosystem units in acidic, dry and open terrain was similar for both methods, whereas classification accuracy of calcareous units was highest using field survey. The mapping progress using 3D aerial photographic interpretation was more than two times faster than that of field survey. Based on the results, the authors recommend a method combining 3D aerial photographic interpretation and field survey to achieve effectively accurate mapping in practical applications of the NiN system. 相似文献
18.
中国高技术产业创新空间分布及其影响因素——基于面板数据的空间计量分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文基于2003-2012年省域面板数据,采用地统计方法分析中国高技术产业创新的空间分布,并运用空间计量模型对其影响因素进行探讨。研究发现：中国高技术产业创新存在明显的空间差异,其中东部地区的创新水平明显高于中部和西部地区;2003-2012年间,高技术产业创新整体空间差异表现出先扩大后缩小的趋势,空间分布呈现出先集聚后扩散的变化特征;相邻省域间的创新水平存在明显溢出现象,研发资金投入、研发人员投入、高校研发水平、企业规模和市场开放度均对高技术产业创新起到促进作用,且研发人员投入和市场开放度还能进一步促进相邻地区的创新发展,而企业规模则对相邻地区的创新存在负面影响。因此,加大对中西部地区研发资金和研发人员投入,重视高校在创新发展中的作用,破除区域壁垒促进技术流动以及加大市场开放度,都有利于提高整体创新水平和缩小创新空间差异。 相似文献
19.
GPS全球定位系统及其在地学遥感中的应用价值 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文阐述了ＧＰＳ全球定位系统的定位特点、结构性能、观测原理与工作方式，在此基础上分析说明了ＧＰＳ在地学遥感中的应用价值：（１）野外调查中的定位监测与测量；（２）遥感影象定位校正；（３）ＧＩＳ地学编码；（４）全球环境信息定位。 相似文献
20.
基于Skyline的三维GIS在“数字乡村”建设中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
李东 《云南地理环境研究》2010,22(2):5-8
在新农村建设中,需要利用现代计算机技术与三维地理信息技术,通过建立乡村三维数字模型,把乡村地形地貌、自然资源和各种人工构筑物进行数字化,以三维虚拟形式进行表现。在三维空间框架中集成空间分析与空间操作,叠加乡村多媒体信息,实现电子政务与三维地理信息系统的结合。讨论了数字乡村建设的体系结构,介绍了SkylineGlobe软件体系。并以云南省安宁市云康村为例,介绍数字乡村工程的建设情况。 相似文献