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Global ecological degradation is a matter of enormous concern. In the early 20st century, the United States, Europe and China began to apply eco-technology to ecosystem management and restoration in order to slow down or stop ecological degradation. To date, there has been neither a systematic summary and scientific evaluation, nor is there a unified platform to describe ecological degradation problems in different areas and existing eco-technologies. These shortcomings have hindered the popularization and application of technologies. This study intends to build an eco-technology evaluation platform and integration system that brings together heterogeneous data from multiple sources. The key technology of the eco-technology evaluation platform and integration system is information integration technology. We will establish a metadata engine based on metadata storage to achieve access to and integration of metadata and heterogeneous data sources. The information integration mode based on a metamodel addresses information heterogeneity at four levels: system, syntax, structure and semantics. We develop the framework for an eco-technology evaluation platform and integration system to integrate eco- technology databases, eco-technology evaluation model databases, eco-technology evaluation parameter databases and spatial databases of ecological degradation and eco-technology with metadata and metamodel integration mode. This system can support functions for the query and display of global and typical ecological degradation and the query, display, evaluation and prioritization of eco-technologies, which can realize the visualization of global and Chinese ecological degradation and eco-technology evaluation and prioritization. This system will help government decision makers and relevant departments to understand ecological degradation and the effects of eco- technology implementation. 相似文献
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AKE SIVERTUN LORIN E. REINELT REINHOLD CASTENSSON 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):365-378
Abstract The use of remote sensing techniques, image processing, computer mapping and overlays to make inventories of land use and to improve land and water management has increasing potential. Advantages of these techniques include greater geometric resolution and potential time and money savings. The increasing capabilities of personal computers and workstations (hardware and software) and the greater availability of databases have simplified the application of these techniques. In this application, a geographical information system (GIS) was used to facilitate the identification of critical non-point source areas of pollution by sediment-related nutrients. This critical source area information might then be used to aid in the development of non-point source control strategies or for monitoring programme design. This study shows the potential of using GIS in selecting critical source areas for sediment-related water quality problems and land resource protection. 相似文献
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The limitations of existing information sources on mergers/acquisitions within the EU are a serious obstacle to the study of the restructuring of the European production system. The experience of using a computerized abstracting service as a source of information on mergers/acquisitions in the chemical industry is reviewed. This experience informs an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of similar databases as information sources in economic geography. The proliferation of such databases, together with advances in text management software, suggests that their potential has not been fully appreciated. This potential is considerable in providing easy access to detailed factual information on economic events and processes at continental and global scales. It is, however, strictly limited when it comes to interpreting the corporate strategies and motivations responsible for these developments. 相似文献
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The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) has been used internationally as a tool to guide recreation planning. The spectrum as a map has primarily been generated manually and through digitisation by analysts with an in-depth knowledge of the region of interest. This paper seeks to outline an alternative method that is objective and repeatable to create a ROS map for New Zealand, using data from a variety of sources and manipulated with spatial tools available in a geographic information system. The result is a map that is consistent on a national scale, and a method that is repeatable. The model can be used to develop scenario modelling, change detection, and help guide management decisions. 相似文献
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新亚欧大陆桥环境灾害管理信息系统主要由三个模块组成,远程通信管理系统、环境灾害数据库管理系统和应用模型库,这三大模块通过一定的数据接口联结,成为“一体化”系统,能够对该区域的铁路环境灾害进行有效地管理和监测。 相似文献
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流域供水管理决策支持系统总体设计 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文简要介绍了一个集流域信息、数据库管理、实时监测、水量预测、洪水预报、水库排沙调度、需水量计算、水土平衡、优化供水决策、系统在线帮助等多功能为一体的流域供水管理决策支持系统的总体开发设计思路。本系统紧密结合干旱区实际,充分利用地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）、计算机最新软硬伯、知识库和先进的计算模型等高新技术,具有适应实时要求,界面友好直观,操作灵活方便,扩充性好和实用性强等特点。对流域供水、防洪、排沙、 相似文献
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干旱区山盆体系物质能量及信息的耦合关系——以塔里木盆地周边山地系统为例 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
塔里木盆地与周边的天山、昆仑山等山地构成了干旱区典型的山盆体系，山地系统的地质地貌特征，热量、气候与水文以及植被与土壤等的特殊性，决定了其物质循环、能量转化和信息传递的过程和方式，也决定了山地系统的宏观生态景观格局。山地为盆地提供了丰富的粒状物质，它们是绿洲土壤重要的成土母质；同时，山地向盆地输送了大量地表水和地下水，从而决定了天然绿洲的规模及范围，影响了人工绿洲的发展潜力，也造就了干旱区绿洲与荒漠既相互矛盾，又协调共生的宏观格局。在全球变化的背景之下，从山地系统内部及其与荒漠系统和绿洲系统之间物质流、能量流及信息流的相关性出发，掌握山地系统的变化特征及演变趋势，利用现代科学技术的成就，探索西部干旱区山地系统的可持续发展之路。 相似文献
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MICHAEL F. GOODCHILD SUN GUOQING YANG SHIREN 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):87-103
Abstract An error model for spatial databases is defined here as a stochastic process capable of generating a population of distorted versions of the same pattern of geographical variation. The differences between members of the population represent the uncertainties present in raw or interpreted data, or introduced during processing. Defined in this way, an error model can provide estimates of the uncertainty associated with the products of processing in geographical information systems. A new error model is defined in this paper for categorical data. Its application to soil and land cover maps is discussed in two examples: the measurement of area and the measurement of overlay. Specific details of implementation and use are reviewed. The model provides a powerful basis for visualizing error in area class maps, and for measuring the effects of its propagation through processes of geographical information systems. 相似文献
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长江上游天然林资源保护工程已经全面启动,鹤庆县作为云南省金沙江流域首批试点县已经实施了近5年,工程进展十分顺利。为了加强对天然林资源保护工程的管理,应用GIS技术建立了鹤庆县天然林保护工程地理信息系统。系统采用PowerBuilder8.0和MapObjects2.2进行集成二次开发,实现了对县级范围内的天然林资源保护工程地理信息的输入、存储、显示、查询、分析和应用,为天然林资源的信息管理、合理利用、工程规划与实施以及辅助决策等提供多方面的数据信息,为政府部门保护天然林资源提供了手段和依据。 相似文献
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MICHAEL F. WORBOYS HILARY M. HEARNSHAW DAVID J. MAGUIRE 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):369-383
Data modelling is a critical stage of database design. Recent research has focused upon object-oriented data models, which appear more appropriate for certain applications than either the traditional relational model or the entity-relationship approach. The object-oriented approach has proved to be especially fruitful in application areas, such as the design of geographical information systems which have a richly structured knowledge domain and are associated with multimedia databases. This article discusses the key concepts in object-oriented modelling and demonstrates the applicability of an object-oriented design methodology to the design of geographical information systems. In order to show more clearly how this methodology may be applied, the paper considers the specific object-oriented data model IFO. Standard cartographic primitives are represented using IFO, which are then used in the modelling of some standard administrative units in the United Kingdom. The paper concludes by discussing current research issues and directions in this area. 相似文献
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Xia Li Anthony Gar-On Yeh 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):131-152
Cellular Automata (CA) have attracted growing attention in urban simulation because their capability in spatial modelling is not fully developed in GIS. This paper discusses how cellular automata (CA) can be extended and integrated with GIS to help planners to search for better urban forms for sustainable development. The cellular automata model is built within a grid-GIS system to facilitate easy access to GIS databases for constructing the constraints. The essence of the model is that constraint space is used to regulate cellular space. Local, regional and global constraints play important roles in affecting modelling results. In addition, 'grey' cells are defined to represent the degrees or percentages of urban land development during the iterations of modelling for more accurate results. The model can be easily controlled by the parameter k using a power transformation function for calculating the constraint scores. It can be used as a useful planning tool to test the effects of different urban development scenarios. 相似文献
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农业生态环境数字信息系统的建立及应用 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
阐述了中国三北地区农业生态环境恶化的严重性,提出了农业生产内部环境和农业生产外部环境的概念,为进行农业生态环境研究指出了新的方向。从数字地球的角度讨论了应用数字化方法开展农业生态环境研究的必要性。在建立农业生态环境系统概念模型和指标体系的基础上,建立了农业生态环境数字信息系统。将农业生态环境模拟系统与GIS耦合,进行数字信息技术集成,实现了农业生态环境研究的信息化、数字化、模型化及可视化。借助于用户界面可对有关的农业生态环境问题进行检索、咨询。通过变量调控、优化决策,可以达到调整系统结构,提高系统功能,促进农业可持续发展的目的。 相似文献
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南极环境对人类生存具有举足轻重的作用。南极环境管理是保护南极环境和保证持续利用南极资源的必要手段 ,信息技术在南极环境管理中的应用必将极大地推动南极环境管理的进步。本文为提高我国南极环境管理的科学性和效率 ,根据南极环境、南极环境管理以及南极站区人类活动的特点 ,尝试研究开发了南极站区环境管理信息系统 ( ASEMIS:Antarctic StationEnvironmental Management Information System)。ASEMIS具有管理、模拟、利用南极站区环境、南极站区人类活动等有关信息的功能 相似文献
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区域水环境经济系统DSS的设计 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
从区域水环境与经济协调发展出发,建立了区域水环境的决策支持系统。介绍了区域水环境经济系统决策支持系统的设计原则、系统结构、系统组成及系统功能。系统由数据库、模型库及其管理系统三部分组成,具有预测、优化、模拟和管理等功能。模型库包括宏观经济模型、环境经济多目标优化模型、需水模型、水环境容量模型和水环境分析模型等5个基本模型。在求解水环境经济多目标优化模型时,使用了约束法,把多目标化为单目标进行求解。在决策过程中,使用逐步法,在迭代过程中输入经验与偏好获取满意的决策信息 相似文献
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中国极地冰冻圈数据库是“中国极地科学数据库”的子数据库之一 ,它是我国极地科学研究的一项基础性工作。已建成的中国极地冰冻圈网络数据库主要包括冰川物理特性、冰川化学数据、海冰、气象、遥感和地理信息系统等 6个数据子库 ,其中遥感数据由于数据量大 ( 30G) ,在线仅提供数据目录 ,其余 5个数据子库在线数据量达 1 .5G左右。该数据库系统利用MicrosoftWindows 2 0 0 0Server作为Web服务器 ,选择MicrosoftSQLServer 7.0作为数据库管理软件 ,利用InternetInformationServer 5 .0和SybasePowerDynamo配置因特网服务器 ,功能上可以实现WWW服务和FTP服务。整个系统采用了因特网 (Internet)与客户机 /服务器 (Client/Server)相结合的技术 ,用户在权限范围内可以通过WWW服务网址方便地实现对网上资源的检索、浏览、打印、下载等功能 相似文献