共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Maria Castro César De Santos-Berbel 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(12):2061-2074
Because of the high number of crashes occurring on highways, it is necessary to intensify the search for new tools that help in understanding their causes. This research explores the use of a geographic information system (GIS) for an integrated analysis, taking into account two accident-related factors: design consistency (DC) (based on vehicle speed) and available sight distance (ASD) (based on visibility). Both factors require specific GIS software add-ins, which are explained. Digital terrain models (DTMs), vehicle paths, road centerlines, a speed prediction model, and crash data are integrated in the GIS. The usefulness of this approach has been assessed through a study of more than 500 crashes. From a regularly spaced grid, the terrain (bare ground) has been modeled through a triangulated irregular network (TIN). The length of the roads analyzed is greater than 100 km. Results have shown that DC and ASD could be related to crashes in approximately 4% of cases. In order to illustrate the potential of GIS, two crashes are fully analyzed: a car rollover after running off road on the right side and a rear-end collision of two moving vehicles. Although this procedure uses two software add-ins that are available only for ArcGIS, the study gives a practical demonstration of the suitability of GIS for conducting integrated studies of road safety. 相似文献
2.
3.
定性GIS在时空间行为研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
定性GIS已经成为地理学混合研究方法的重要组成部分,通过扎根理论并与可视化结合、GIS和民族志整合等途径,对时空间行为研究产生了深远的影响。其通过文本或非文本质性材料与GIS地理特征的整合,形成了时空行为研究中独特的地理环境系统与空间机制分析,一个重要的前沿领域就是地理叙事在时间地理学研究中的应用。时间地理学是研究人类时空行为的重要视角,但由于对个体主观性及行为的社会文化因素的相对忽视等原因,受到了一定的质疑。近年来以GIS为代表的地理空间技术的定性分析与表达,为时间地理学融入质性分析提供了方法论基础。关美宝创建的基于GIS的地理叙事方法,通过借鉴叙事分析的一般方法尤其是三维叙事空间分析,结合时间地理学概念框架,开发了基于GIS平台的计算机辅助叙事分析组件(3D-VQGIS),实现了在GIS内可视化的、循环交互的叙事分析,为定性GIS发展中GIS与叙事分析方法的融合做出了贡献。将地理叙事方法用于时空行为研究,可以为时间地理学方法创造一个更便于理解与解释研究对象日常行为的地理环境,为其融入行为与主体的质性分析提供从数据整合、数据分析到解释与展示的一整套研究方法与具体操作工具。 相似文献
4.
5.
塔里木河干流区土地覆被变化与景观格局分析 总被引：29，自引：4，他引：25
在GIS和遥感技术支持下,结合景观格局数量分析方法,利用1973年MSS、1983年航空遥感土地利用图、1990年TM、2000年TM和2005年CBERS遥感影像对新疆塔里木河干流区土地利用/覆被变化过程进行了定量分析.结果表明,1973-2005年塔里木河干流区土地利用/覆被发生了显著变化,耕地和城乡居民及建设崩地面积显著增加,林地、草地和湿地面积减少,未利用地表现出先增加后减小的趋势.研究区土地利用类型转移的主要方向是林地和草地转化为耕地、耕地转化为城乡居民及建设用地、草地转化为未利用地.土地利用变化经历了"显著变化-缓慢变化-显著变化-急剧变化"的过程.景观格局分析表明,在人类活动的影响下,研究区景观破碎度、多样性增大,优势度减小.草地和未利用地对整个景观的控制作用减小,景观结构趋于多样和均匀.驱动力分析表明,人口增长和经济发展因素是塔里木河干流区土地利用/覆被变化的最直接驱动力,同时还受产业结构因素和政策因素及人类干扰强度的影响. 相似文献
6.
J. C. WIGGINS R. P. HARTLEY M. J. HIGGINS R. J. WHITTAKER 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(1):77-87
Abstract The CORINE programme (Co-ordinaled' Information on the European Environment) has been underway since 1985. Its purpose is to provide information on the environment of the entire European Community in a form suitable for assisting policy making. Such data must be accurate, integrated and readily available to the personnel for whom the system is designed. The system must be capable of dealing with large amounts of spatially-linked data from many different sources, in text, vector or raster form. The use of a geographic information system (GIS) is therefore essential. This paper describes the use of an interim system as a ‘bed’ for beginning the process of acquiring and integrating data. The data sets available are soils, climate, topography and ‘biotopes) (important areas for nature conservation). A data transfer format has been devised to provide for ease of transfer between various sites in the European Community with different mainframe computers. The interim system ensures that the needs of users can be defined and provides valuable user experience before a permanent system is installed. Other issues examined include the use of national and international networks and problems of integrating data when incorporating existing digital data from disparate sources into a large GIS. 相似文献
7.
环境与健康的评估问题和空间分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
评估环境污染对人民健康影响的研究需要结合空间，时间和统计分析，并吸引不同学科背景的研究人员合作研究，可是，在这个研究领域内，最重要的问题是研究结论的不可靠性程度很高，不同的研究方法会导致不同的结论，一个有系统的研究架构拥有不同的空间分析方法将会减少结论的可疑程度，有效的环保政策是需要可靠的研究成果，文中首先介绍在环境与健康的评估研究领域的四大重要问题，指出这项研究需要这项研究需要空间分析和地理信息系统方法，从而提出一个空间分析的研究框架和内裹的方法，通过路易斯安纳州的一个污染地点和肿瘤发病率关系研究实例，指出这项研究领域的各种问题和空间分析架构的重要性。 相似文献
8.
空间分析技术与地理信息系统的结合* 总被引：59，自引：5，他引：59
空间分析和地理信息系统是两种有效的空间信息分析和处理技术,二者的结合一方面可以大大拓展GIS的空间分析功能,另一方面也可使得迅速发展的空间分析得到GIS的有力支持,文中对此进行了探讨,并分析了二者结合的途径。 相似文献
9.
Alex David Singleton Seth Spielman Chris Brunsdon 《International journal of geographical information science》2016,30(8):1507-1521
When conducting research within a framework of Geographic Information Science (GISc), the scientific validity of this work can be argued as highly dependent upon the extent to which the methods employed are reproducible, and that, in the strictest sense, can only be fully achieved by implementing transparent workflows that utilize both open source software and openly available data. After considering the scientific implications of non-reproducible methods, we provide a review of both open source Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and openly available data, before describing an integrated model for Open GISc. We conclude with a critical review of this embryonic paradigm, with directions for future development in supporting spatial data infrastructure. 相似文献
10.
Theo A. Arentze Aloys W. J. Borgers Harry J. P. Timmermans 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):343-356
Abstract The opportunities available at a demand location are usually measured as the costs of reaching a specified critical number of facilities from that location. This method does not however, account for multistop trips nor for differences in the diversity of supply at the level of individual facilities. In this paper we introduce an alternative measurement method that overcomes these shortcomings. In this method the probability of successfully visiting a specific facility is assumed to be a function of the diversity of supply provided. Trip routes are constructed that have an acceptable probability of success. Then, the expected costs of travelling the optimum route are determined as an indicator of spatial opportunities. The proposed method has been implemented in a GIS environment, using typical GIS data and GIS tools for spatial analysis and display. The results of a case study indicate that the new method, compared to current methods, may lead to different evaluations of the level of opportunities at demand locations. 相似文献
11.
L. Ai N.F. Fang B. Zhang 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):1251-1267
Soil erosion poses a serious problem for sustainable agriculture and the environment. There is a need to develop a simple and practical approach for broad area mapping of soil erosion risk that uses the uncertain but available information as input data within the constraints of reasonable cost and time. In this work, a predictive approach for conducting analytical erosion risk assessment across broad areas is developed, which combines a fuzzy decision tree (FDT), remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). This approach is applicable to situations with a limited amount of input data and can easily adjust assessment factors according to actual need. In this study, four dominating factors affecting soil erosion were considered: soil, topography, land cover and climate. GIS thematic layers of these factors were constructed followed by fuzzified analysis through trapezoidal shaped membership functions. Based on subdivided erosion response units (ERUs), an optimal FDT was determined to classify monthly soil erosion risk into five levels. High-risk and very high-risk soil erosion in the study area is mainly concentrated from June to August, with July and August showing the highest risk covering more than 80% of the study area. November to March is dominated by low risk over more than 90% of the study area, while medium risk is dominant in April, May, September and October. Compared with field survey data, the fuzzy decision erosion risk assessment approach was shown to be applicable and economical for rapidly identifying and locating soil erosion risk with limited input data by means of remote sensing and GIS. 相似文献
12.
Deriving drainage networks and catchment boundaries: a new methodology combining digital elevation data and environmental characteristics 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Digital data on the position and characteristics of river networks and catchments are important for the analysis of pressures and impacts on water resources. GIS tools allow for the combined analysis of digital elevation data and environmental parameters in order to derive this kind of information. This article presents a new approach making use of medium-resolution digital elevation data (250-m grid cell size) and information on climate, vegetation cover, terrain morphology, soils and lithology to derive river networks and catchments over extended areas.In general, methods to extract channel networks at small scale use a constant threshold for the critical contributing area, independent of widely varying landscape conditions. As a consequence, the resulting drainage network does not reflect the natural variability in drainage density. To overcome this limitation, a classification of the landscape is proposed. The various data available are analysed in an integrated approach in order to characterise the terrain with respect to its ability to develop lower or higher drainage densities, resulting in five landscape types. For each landscape type, the slope–area relationship is then derived and the critical contributing area is determined. In the subsequent channel extraction, a dedicated critical contributing area threshold is used for each landscape type.The described methodology has been developed and tested for the territory of Italy. Results have been validated comparing the derived data with river and catchment data sets from other sources and at varying scales. Good agreement both in terms of river superimposition and drainage density could be demonstrated. 相似文献
13.
Hongbo Yu Shih‐Lung Shaw 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(4):409-430
Today, the opportunity for potential human activity has gone beyond physical space to virtual space. Based on a proposed conceptual framework that models the relationships between physical and virtual spaces, this paper presents an attempt to adjust the space–time prism concept of Hägerstrand's time geography to identify potential activity opportunities in virtual space, focusing on the virtual space access channels available in physical space. A three‐dimensional (3D) spatio‐temporal Geographic Information System (GIS) design has been developed in this research to accommodate the adjusted space–time prism concept to support the representation, visualization, and analysis of potential human activities and interactions in physical and virtual spaces using the prism representation. Following the design, a prototype system has been successfully implemented in a 3D GIS environment. Such a system can provide powerful analytical tools for studies related to potential human activities and applications such as location‐based services (LBS) and accessibility analysis in the information age. 相似文献
14.
Alfred Stein Igor Staritsky Johan Bouma Jan Willem Van Groenigen 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):509-525
Abstract Geographical Information Systems can be used for processing spatial data to assess the risks of environmental contamination. Their use depends upon the amount and quality of available data, the models for interpolation and calculation of health risk, data processing procedures and interactivity. In this study, it is shown that interactive use of GIS is important for obtaining physically relevant results. Three forms of interactivity are distinguished: interactivity by means of user interfacing, interactivity requiring additional information outside GIS and interactivity when changing the use of GIS. Three stages in which interaction with GIS are crucial can be distinguished: application of geostatistics, choice of appropriate models, and decision making. This study focuses on three cases in The Netherlands dealing with soil contamination and soil stress analysis and with implications for risk assessment in which interactivity within GIS is analysed. Emphasis is given to contour volumes of polluted soil, to combine GIS with deterministic models and to apply land use scenarios. Finally, there is a discussion of how some forms of interactivity could be replaced by expert systems. 相似文献
15.
Timothy W. Collins 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):508-526
This project combines qualitative data of personal narratives with geographic information science (GIScience) technologies to explore the potential for critical cartography in the study of mass atrocity. The case study used is northern Uganda, where millions have been affected by physical violence and hardship, displacement, and fear. Web-based virtual globes as a ready source of imagery for remote areas and derived spatial data imported to geographic information systems (GIS) provide quantified data that complement testimonials and other qualitative data from the field. Cartographic functions, geovisualization, and spatial analyses available in GIS are used to extract information from high-resolution remote sensing images documenting internally displaced persons (IDP) camps and quantifying evidence of crimes against humanity. These techniques explore spatial relationships and communicate results on the extent and impact of the atrocities in northern Uganda. 相似文献
16.
元胞自动机被广泛应用于城市及其他地理现象的模拟,模拟过程中的最大问题是如何确定模型的结构和参数。该文提出一种基于分析学习的智能优化元胞自动机,该模型在逻辑回归模型的基础上,基于分析学习的智能方法,寻找元胞自动机模型的最佳参数。该方法允许用户控制空间变量影响权重,进而模拟出不同的城市发展模式,可为城市规划提供重要参考。 相似文献
17.
面向对象技术在GIS数据库中的应用研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
地理信息系统（GIS）在国民经济和社会生活中得到了广泛的应用，基于GIS的地理数据库是这些应用的重要组成部分，在论述地理信息系统数据库概念的基础上，讨论了现有的空间数据模型在表现地理对象方面的优缺点，提出应用面向对象技术来解决地理对象在地理信息系统数据库中的表示和存储，最后，对GIS数据库开发的趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
18.
Application of Mineral Exploration Models and GIS to Generate Mineral Potential Maps as Input for Optimum Land-Use Planning in the Philippines 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Carranza Emmanuel John M. Mangaoang Jerrysal C. Hale Martin 《Natural Resources Research》1999,8(2):165-173
The inherent problems of classifying or inventorying potential mineral resources (as opposed to known mineral resources) pose specific challenges. In this paper, the application of a conceptual mineral exploration model and GIS to generate mineral potential maps as input to land-use policy decision-making is illustrated. We implement the criteria provided by a conceptual exploration model for nickeliferous-laterites by using a GIS to classify the nickeliferous-laterite potential of an area in the northeastern part of the Philippines. The spatial data inputs to the GIS are geological map data, topographic map data, and stream sediment point data. Processing of these data yields derivative maps, which are used as indicators of nickeliferous-laterite potential. The indicator maps then are integrated to furnish a nickeliferous-laterite potential map. This map is compared with present land-use classification and policy in the area. The results indicate high potential for nickeliferous-laterite occurrence in the area, but the zones of potential are in places where mineral resources development is prohibited. The prohibition was imposed before the nickeliferous-laterite potential was assessed by this study. Mineral potential classification therefore is a critical input to land-use policy-making so that prospective land is not alienated from future mineral resource development. 相似文献
19.
珠江三角洲都市经济区地域构成的判别与分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
随着经济全球化和城市化进程的加快, 单个城市的竞争逐渐转变为城市区域的竞争。 都市经济区是在国家战略需求的推动下应势而生的新概念, 已经广泛应用于全国国土规划和 主体功能区划。准确把握都市经济区内部的地域构成有助于进行有效地加强区域管理和空间调控。以往的相关研究主要集中于宏观分析或以区县为单元的空间分析, 从功能空间的角度对都市经济区内部地域构成的研究较少, 更缺少准确科学的划分和判读方法。为了准确把握 区域空间利用中的主要问题和潜在威胁, 规划者和政府官员需要探索判定都市经济区地域构成的新方法。文章在总结当前几种主要的地域类型判读方法优缺点的基础上, 深入探讨了运 用遥感和GIS 手段进行区域地域构成判别的思路, 并成功应用于珠江三角洲内部地域构成的 空间分析。研究发现, 当前珠江三角洲都市经济区正经历着大规模的城镇化, 大都市的发展 无序蔓延, 存在的用地粗放、结构混杂、功能有待优化等问题, 工业区、居住区等用地的空 间分布呈现较明显的向心型分布和交通导向型分布特征, 同种地域类型的集聚性分布明显增强。通过从单要素和整体特征上认识和把握珠江三角洲地域构成与空间组织特征, 可以有的放矢地进行空间管理和调控。还有助于深化区域地域构成的认识和空间结构的监测和分析, 也可作为制定土地利用政策的依据, 为从区域尺度上制定空间政策提供了新的参考依据。 相似文献
20.
Hongxing Liu Kenneth C. Jezek Morton E. O'Kelly 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):721-741
In this paper, we propose a new method for detecting outliers in an irregularly distributed spatial data set. Our method has two desirable properties. First, it is functionally effective due to the introduction of sensitive outlier indices and locally adaptive and robust statistical criteria. Second, it is computationally efficient because of the use of super-block based spatial data sorting and searching scheme. Our method has been implemented using the C programming language and integrated with the Arc/Info GIS system. The integration leads to a powerful exploratory data analysis tool for checking and analysing anomalous values in a GIS environment. Local outliers can be automatically labeled with our method, subject to some user-defined parameters. Outliers represent anomalous or suspicious values in a statistical sense, which may not necessarily be erroneous values. Instead of being simply discarded, statistical outliers should be investigated further using prior qualitative knowledge or in association with other GIS data layers. 相似文献