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Summary This paper deals with the determination of subsidence parameters on a sloping ground surface above a completely mined underground panel in an inclined seam. A rays projection method is analytically developed to derive the subsidence components on the sloping ground surface from the corresponding ones on an assumed equivalent horizontal surface through the point of the mean elevation of the sloping surface above the extracted panel. Using the derived equations, the variation of subsidence with the inclination of the ground surface is analysed. An example is given to illustrate the application of the rays projection method in predicting subsidence effects on a sloping surface. 相似文献
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Summary A two dimensional finite element model is used to simulate the extraction of coal by the longwall method underneath idealized surface slopes. The resulting subsidence, tilt and horizontal displacement values are compared with similar extractions using the same method beneath initially horizontal surfaces. The conclusions of a parametric study using this model, supported by field evidence, indicate that in areas of rugged topography, simple application of the procedures outlined in the National Coal BoardSubsidence Engineer's Handbook (1975) does not give acceptable predictions of the induced ground movements. 相似文献
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Application of a Generalised Influence Function Method for Subsidence Prediction in Multi-seam Longwall Extraction 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The purpose of mining subsidence prediction is to produce a reliable assessment of ground movement arising from underground mineral extraction. The results of the prediction are used to assess the likelihood of the associated effects on surface structures. In most countries, the assessment of mining subsidence has become an essential part of mining plans, which must be approved by relevant government bodies and mining regulators. It is therefore important to develop a subsidence prediction method that is suitable for a particular country or mine field. Further to the recent development of a Generalised Influence Function Method (GIFM) for subsidence prediction at RMIT University, a case study in Hunter coalfield of in New South Wales, Australia is presented to illustrate the applicability of the GIFM approach for subsidence prediction in multi-seam longwall mining. A computer program is used to calculate subsidence, horizontal displacement and principle strains arising from the extraction of longwall panels. The observed subsidence across the longwall panels and the corresponding ground movements are compared to the model’s output and the results analysed. A discussion of the discrepancies between the GIFM models and the behaviour of complex geological strata is presented. The GIFM method is found to be a powerful tool when applied to complex extraction configurations and can produce useful output for mining subsidence assessments. Of particular importance is its ability to provide both tensile and compressive strain information over the whole affected areas which would otherwise not have been available for the assessment of damage potential to surface structures. 相似文献
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为了研究地表动态沉陷规律,基于正态分布时间函数,结合地表沉陷预测公式,构建了能够进行任意点任意时刻地表动态沉陷预测的函数模型,分析曲线形态系数对时间函数和计算误差的影响,讨论正态分布时间函数的时空完备性,建立了基于时间函数的地表动态下沉计算公式。以辛置煤矿五采区开采为例,利用空间曲面拟合方法求取了地表动态沉陷预测参数,并对特征点的下沉趋势进行了预测。结果表明,地表沉陷预测时曲线形态系数δ > 2为其合理取值,理论预测相对中误差不会超过±4.55%,且随着δ的增大,预测误差逐渐减小;正态分布时间函数在地表下沉、下沉速度以及加速度方面均体现了地表沉陷时空分布的完备性。基于叠加原理的空间曲面拟合求参方法能够进行预测参数的自动求取,地表特征点下沉趋势预测最大中误差为±64 mm,相对中误差为±5.7%,理论值与实测值相吻合,基于正态分布时间函数的预测模型能够体现地表动态下沉的时空分布特征。 相似文献
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为了掌握厚松散层覆盖地区地表在采动过程中的动态移动变形情况,以地表移动观测站实测数据为基础,获得厚松散层开采地表动态移动参数在开采过程中的变化规律,以及走向主断面方向上任意时刻、任意点的下沉速度预计公式。结果表明：当工作面推过最大下沉点170 m左右时,该点的下沉速度达到最大值,其值为22.85 mm/d;地表点最大下沉速度值及其滞后距随工作面开采距离的增大而增加,当工作面推进距离达到600 m左右后,两者增加的幅度逐渐减小,并分别达到稳定值22.00 mm/d和150 m,认为此后的采动过程是地表点下沉速度曲线以固定形状与工作面保持一定的滞后距随开采不断向前移动;参考国内松散层下开采案例,通过多元线性回归分析得到地表动态移动变形参数与地质及开采技术参数之间的关系式;最后根据动态移动参数在采动过程中的变化规律,建立了走向断面上任意时刻、任意点的下沉速度预测公式,通过预测值与实测值的对比,认为预测结果能够满足工程实践需要。 相似文献
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选取山西阳泉矿区单煤层开采引发的强烈地面塌陷作为研究对象,在详细介绍刘村采煤塌陷所处地质环境背景及其发育变形特征的基础上,根据区域岩体工程地质特征,将其划分为12层岩组;运用关键层、复合关键层理论对采煤塌陷机理进行了分析,获取Hoek-Brown岩体力学参数;采用Flac5.0 Extrusion对刘村采煤塌陷坑进行了反演模拟。数值模拟反映各阶段采动裂缝在地表的发育分布情况并计算了最终沉降量,覆盖层裂缝自然修复周期为2个月,基岩裂缝自然修复周期为3个月;采动裂缝最终在平面上呈“θ”形,塌陷中心1和塌陷中心2最终沉降量分别达到4.5 m和4 m,塌陷面积是工作面面积的1.85倍。模拟结果与调查监测数据高度吻合,客观地反映了地表变形和深部覆岩塌陷的发展变化过程,为塌陷机理分析起到了帮助作用。该套岩体力学参数与模拟方法适用于阳泉矿区采煤塌陷精准预测。 相似文献
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樟树现代医药物流中心项目区周边采卤井引发的地面沉降是关系到项目区能否投入建设的关键问题。Mogi模型是基于半无限空间弹性理论的地面沉降预测模型,而盐矿采空区地表沉降变形的主要诱因是地下腔体体积的蠕变收缩,通过引入稳态蠕变阶段盐溶腔体积收缩解析解,对Mogi模型进行改进,并应用于项目区的地面沉降预测,利用沉降叠加的方法获得采卤井群诱发地面沉降发展趋势。结果显示：樟树医药物流中心周边卤井群蠕变引发的地面沉降及地面倾斜均在地基基础设计规范要求范围内;随着与井群距离的增大,项目区内地面倾斜呈现先增大后变小的趋势。同时,利用改进的Mogi模型得到的地面沉降和地面倾斜与相同条件下数值模拟沉降结果有着良好的相似,改进的Mogi模型为盐矿采空区及盐穴储气库的地面沉降分析提供了一种准确、快速的方法。 相似文献
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文章借助弹性薄板理论,建立地表沉陷变形的预计模型,并给出任意点地表变形的预计表达式。针对地下开挖空间形状的不规则性,推导出了水平空间、倾斜面空间以及不规则开挖空间：椭圆抛物面空间、二次柱面空间以及二次曲面空间地表沉陷的预计公式。本文的研究结果对该类开采沉陷问题的研究具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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煤炭开采引起覆岩破断及地表下沉,覆岩及地表运移规律可反映裂隙带高度的动态演化过程。因地表下沉滞后于煤炭开采,对于废弃采空区,长期压实作用导致裂隙带高度较采动期间有所降低。基于地表点下沉速度的阶段特征将裂隙带高度的演化过程分为2个阶段,第1阶段裂隙带发育对应岩层破断逐步向上传递的过程,第2阶段裂隙带高度降低对应离层及裂隙闭合、断裂岩层受压后变形回弹及破碎岩体自然压实的过程。着眼于压实作用对裂隙带高度的影响,根据煤层采厚、垮落带和裂隙带岩层变形量及地表下沉值之间的定量关系,建立了第2阶段裂隙带高度预测模型,并结合太平煤矿实测结果进行验证,采用控制变量法分析了单一因素影响下废弃采空区裂隙带高度的演化特征。结果表明：废弃采空区裂隙带高度受控于垮落带块体强度、垮落带初始碎胀系数、采动期间裂隙带高度最大值及对应的垮落带高度、煤层埋深、地表最终下沉量等因素,太平煤矿采后15 a的裂隙带高度实测值11.36～13.00 m与理论预测值12.75 m吻合度较高,模型的可靠性得到验证。最后,应用此预测模型对武安煤矿（关停矿井）2002－2003年采空区裂隙带高度开展理论计算,结合地空瞬变电磁探测确定了地面瓦斯抽采钻孔理想的终孔位置并成功开展了地面钻孔瓦斯抽采试验。 相似文献
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宁夏羊场湾煤矿浅埋煤层开采地面塌陷发育规律及形成机理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以宁夏羊场湾煤矿Y110207工作面为研究对象,采用无人机遥感技术、野外调查与有限差分软件模拟方法研究浅埋煤层开采的地面塌陷类型、发育规律及其形成机理。(1)浅埋煤层开采地面塌陷以地表裂缝发育为主,地表破坏严重。(2)平行切眼裂缝间隔性出现,展布于整个工作面内,间隔距离为10～120m,局部裂缝形成错台高度约为15cm。平行顺槽裂缝为拉张型裂缝,发育在顺槽至外围一定范围。(3)采煤活动导致地下形成采空区,上覆岩层发生移动破坏,破坏区分为剪切破坏区、拉张破坏区及剪-拉破坏区,分别对压应力区、拉应力区和压-拉转化区。(4)当应力扰动传递至地表,应力值超过覆盖层抗拉强度时地表产生裂缝。随着工作面推进,覆岩内部裂缝带上行裂缝与地表下行裂缝贯通,形成错台。研究成果丰富了该区浅埋煤层的地面塌陷理论知识,为地面塌陷防治提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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急倾斜煤层开采地表沉陷的渐近灰色预测 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
煤层开采所引起的地表沉陷是一种严重的矿区地质灾害。煤层的倾角、厚度等物理条件是地表沉陷的主要影响因素。在水平煤层或缓倾斜煤的开采过程中，由于地层倾角小，地表沉陷具有较完整的规律性，其预测效果也比较理想。但是，在急倾斜煤层的开采中，由于地层倾角较大，赋存条件和地质体物理力学性质的差异，增强了地表下沉的非线性特征，使地表沉陷具有不确定的表现规律。文章对重庆市南桐矿区东林矿的地表沉陷非线性特征进行了探讨，得到了东林煤矿地表下沉曲线的分形维数是1．07。在岩层移动这个系统当中，既含有已知的又含有未知的或非确定的信息，可以作为一个灰色系统来研究。岩层控制系统的状态、结构和边界条件难以精确描述，属本征性灰色系统。文章针对东林煤矿地表下沉曲线非线性较弱的性质，提出用一种基于GM(1，1)的渐近预测模型对东林煤矿42个月的地表下沉量时间序列进行探讨。结果表明，这种模型对急倾斜层开采地表沉陷的预测是一种行之有效的方法。通过对其他工程实例的应用分析，进一步证明这种渐近的灰色预测方法具有相对较高的精度，是一种比较实用的地表沉陷预测方法，具有广泛的工程实用空间。 相似文献
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Coal seam gas (CSG) is an increasingly important source of natural gas all over the world. Although the influence of conventional oil and gas extraction on surface subsidence has been widely recognized and studied, few studies are carried out on the surface subsidence in coal seam gas fields and its impact on surface infrastructure and the environment. This paper discusses modelling of the surface subsidence associated with coal seam gas production by applying both analytical and numerical methods. By comparison of results from the numerical model and two analytical models, i.e. the disc-shaped reservoir model and the uniaxial compaction model, the analytical solutions cannot describe the complex process of water and gas extraction and have the limitations to predict the surface subsidence, while the numerical model can be better used in prediction of subsidence. After applying the numerical model in numerical analysis, the deformation characteristics of coupled fluid flow, and the effects of permeability change of coal seam, associated overlying and underlying layers, and depressurization rates on surface subsidence are investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can simulate the production of water and gas from coal seams and the associated surface subsidence. 相似文献
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High-resolution seismic reflections have been used effectively to investigate sinkholes formed from the dissolution of a bedded salt unit found throughout most of Central Kansas. Surface subsidence can have devastating effects on transportation structures. Roads, rails, bridges, and pipeliues can even be dramatically affected by minor ground instability. Areas susceptible to surface subsidence can put public safety at risk. Subsurface expressions significantly larger than surface depressions are consistently observed on seismic images recorded over sinkholes in Kansas. Until subsidence reaches the ground surface, failure appears to be controlled by compressional forces evidenced by faults with reverse orientation. Once a surface depression forms or dissolution of the salt slows or stops, subsidence structures are consistent with a tensional stress environment with prevalent normal faults. Detecting areas of rapid subsidence potential, prior to surface failure, is the ultimate goal of any geotechnical survey where the ground surface is susceptible to settling. Seismic reflection images have helped correlate active subsidence to dormant paleofeatures, project horizontal growth of active sinkholes based on subsurface structures, and appraise the risk of catastrophic failure. 相似文献
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为准确描述地表沉陷盆地分布形态,基于幂指数函数模型,结合缓倾斜煤层走向长壁式工作面地表沉陷盆地的特征,采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,建立适用于缓倾斜煤层走向长壁式工作面的沉陷盆地模型,分析模型参数的影响因素及参数的变化规律,并验证模型的适用性和预计精度。研究表明:模型参数n反映下沉盆地底部范围大小,主要与采动程度有关,取值范围为1~3,其取值精度取决于观测点个数;参数k反映下沉盆地边缘的收敛速度和下沉影响范围,主要与采煤方法、顶板管理方法及松散层厚度有关,其值可通过地表最大下沉值或煤厚进行确定;在对常村煤矿地表沉陷进行预计时,预计值与实测值的差值平方和为3.08×106,中误差为267.59 mm,为最大下沉值的6.47%。研究缓倾斜煤层走向长壁式工作面地表沉陷盆地模型旨在对常村煤矿地表沉陷的预测和预防工作提供理论基础。 相似文献
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本文通过筼筜地区高层建筑物基础沉降监测环的选点、埋没标志、观测、平差,得出高层建筑物基础沉降随时间变化曲线图。并分析各沉降点的累计沉降、沉降速率、基础倾斜等各自特征和机制。指出各幢大楼基础沉降的最大幅度,并提出今后继续监测和防治的建议。 相似文献
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A geomechanical model can reveal the mechanical behavior of rocks and be used to manage the reservoir programs in a better mode. Fluid pressure will be reduced during hydrocarbon production from a reservoir. This reduction of pressure will increase the effective stress due to overburden sediments and will cause porous media compaction and surface subsidence. In some oil fields, the compacting reservoir can support oil and gas production. However, the phenomena can also cause the loss of wells and reduced production and also cause irreparable damage to the surface structures and affect the surrounding environment. For a detailed study of the geomechanical behavior of a hydrocarbon field, a 3D numerical model to describe the reservoir geomechanical characteristics is essential. During this study, using available data and information, a coupled fluid flow-geomechanic model of Fahlian reservoir formation in X-field in SW of Iran was constructed to estimate the amount of land subsidence. According to the prepared model, in this field, the maximum amount of the vertical stress is 110 MPa and the maximum amount of the horizontal stress is 94 MPa. At last, this model is used for the prediction of reservoir compaction and subsidence of the surface. The maximum value of estimated ground subsidence in the study equals to 29 mm. It is considered that according to the obtained values of horizontal and vertical movement in the wall of different wells, those movements are not problematic for casing and well production and also the surrounding environment. 相似文献
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Roger J. Missavage Yoginder P. Chugh Thomas Roscetti 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1986,4(1):39-46
Summary A mathematical model has been developed utilizing the relative flexural strength of the strata overlying a coal seam to predict the vulnerability of shallow room and pillar mined areas to subsidence. The model assumes the failure of the immediate roof as the precursor of a subsidence event in shallow room and pillar mines. After the roof fails, either a sink hole subsidence event develops if the unconsolidated material is thin and dry; or a subsidence trough forms if the unconsolidated material is thick and wet. The model relates the Missavage number (Mn), which is dependent only on the stratigraphy and rock strength, to the extraction number, which is dependent only on the extraction ratio and maximum span of the opening. A high correlation coefficient (r=0.78) betweenMn and the extraction number for 27 subsidence events in a southern Illinois mine showed potential for using this model to delineate areas more vulnerable to subsidence. The developed and validated model was then subjected to a blind test on a 12.9 square kilometer area of an Illinois Coal Basin mine. The model successfully predicted 10 out of 12 subsidence events in the blind half of the study area and two of three additional subsidence events in the known half of the study area. 相似文献