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1.
Climatology and trends of wet spells in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Summary Climatological features and variations of wet spells, especially their trends over China, are investigated using a dataset
of 594 meteorological stations across China from 1951 to 2003. The results show that the lower the latitude is, the longer
the annual duration of wet spells is. The mean annual precipitation from wet spells is higher in southeastern coastal areas
and much lower in western and northern China. The longest wet spells are found in Southwest China and the eastern Tibetan
Plateau. The maximum daily precipitation of wet spells decreases from the southeast to the northwest, with the highest in
southeastern coastal areas and the lowest in western China. The trends of wet spells exhibit striking regional differences.
In most areas of western China, the annual number of days in wet spells has slightly increased, but significantly decreased
over North China, Central China and Southwest China. The annual precipitation amount from wet spells displays significant
downward trends in North China, eastern Northeast China and the eastern part of Southwest China, but upward trends in the
eastern Tibetan Plateau and some southeastern coastal areas. Two clearly-contrasting regions in climatic changes of wet spells
are the mid-lower reaches of the Yellow River and the eastern Tibetan Plateau, characterized by a decrease of about 24 days
and an increase of about 6 days in annual wet spell days from 1953 to 2003, respectively. 相似文献
2.
基于1979～2017年欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）提供的ERA-Interim逐日再分析资料和热力学方程,本研究估算了大气视热源,分析研究了青藏高原夏季大气视热源的异常与中国东部降水关系的年代际变化,以及青藏高原大气视热源影响我国东部夏季降水的物理机制。结果表明:（1）高原热源东、西部反相变化模态的重要性发生了年代际转变,表现为由1994年之前方差贡献相对小的第二变异模态变为1994之后方差贡献明显增大而成为第一主导变异模态。（2）青藏高原夏季大气视热源的东、西反相变化模态与中国东部降水的关系存在年代际变化。1993年之前和2008年之后,高原大气视热源的异常分别仅与长江下游降水和长江中游降水异常存在密切的联系;而在1994～2007年,其对长江流域及附近区域和华南地区的夏季降水的影响显著,具体表现为,当高原夏季大气视热源异常表现为东强西弱（东弱西强）时,长江中上游、江淮地区的降水偏多（少）,华南地区降水偏少（多）。（3）高原大气视热源显著影响我国东部夏季降水主要是通过经高原上空发展加强的天气系统东移过程影响长江流域及附近地区的降水,以及通过垂直环流影响华南地区的降水。 相似文献
3.
基于中国气象局国家基准气象观测站逐日观测资料,采用百分位法对1980~2019年夏季青藏高原中东部地区极端日降水进行定义,分析了不同分位极端日降水的气候分布特征。结果表明:（1）青藏高原中东部夏季降水呈东多西少、中间多南北少的反位相分布特征,且存在显著的年际和年代际变化。（2）99%分位降水阈值普遍在24 mm/d以上,95%分位和90%分位降水阈值维持在12~20 mm/d,75%分位降水阈值则进一步下降至7~9 mm/d。（3）从长期变化趋势看,青藏高原中东部99%分位的极端日降水出现频次呈显著的上升趋势,其余几个分位则以下降趋势为主。（4）相较于99%和90%分位而言,95%分位在青藏高原中东部夏季降水中具有更为突出的贡献,且近40 a来99%分位的贡献在不断增加。（5）青藏高原中东部日降水量介于0.1~10.5 mm,但日降水量的频次波峰和总降水量的波峰位置存在差异,2.4~5.1 mm日降水量在青藏高原中东部降水中具有重要作用。 相似文献
4.
为了研究青藏高原低涡降水长期特征,利用1979~2015年高原低涡数据集、依照高原低涡降水范围,匹配高原各站逐日降水信息,对高原低涡降水特征进行统计分析。结果表明,青藏高原低涡降水量呈上升趋势,大值中心位于西藏那曲地区,呈向东南凸出递减分布,并以夏季低涡降水为主,全年和夏季高原低涡降水量与总降水量均存在明显的正相关关系。安多站高原低涡降水呈下降趋势,但对年降水的平均贡献率高达三成;那曲站与托托河站高原低涡降水在总体上却呈上升趋势,递增率分别为0.2 mm/a和0.7 mm/a,其中那曲低涡频数与低涡降水强度的正相关系数达0.66,而托托河低涡降水占总降水的百分比却呈下降趋势。高原低涡日降水量等级主要以小雨为主,但中雨却是低涡降水量的主要贡献者。趋势分析发现高原低涡降水递增中心位于青海北部,递增率达到0.9 mm/a,次中心在西藏西南部雅鲁藏布江沿线地区;同时,高原低涡引发小雨降水基本呈全区一致增加趋势,中心位于西藏东北部和青海西南部地区;中雨降水上升趋势主要集中在西藏西南部、青海地区以及四川西部,其中青海南部存在较为明显上升中心区,下降趋势主要分布在西藏北部和东部。 相似文献
5.
全球变暖背景下青藏高原夏季气温在对流层上下反相变化及其与降水和环流的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料及中国596个测站月降水资料,采用线性倾向估计、经验正交函数分解(EOF)、相关分析、合成分析等方法,对青藏高原夏季对流层气温垂直变化及其与降水和环流的关系进行了分析。气温垂直变化特征分析表明:自1971年以来,青藏高原夏季对流层低层至对流层中上部气温呈现显著增暖趋势,对流层上部气温呈现显著变冷趋势,高原对流层低层至中上部气温及对流层上部气温在年际、年代际尺度上均呈较显著负相关,且均存在2~4 a及8~13 a的周期;夏季青藏高原地区沿27.5°N~40°N平均的气温距平垂直分布的EOF分解第一模态特征向量在对流层表现为"下降温上增温"的反相变化,其时间系数呈显著负趋势,且存在1978年及1994年的突变点。高原夏季气温在对流层的上下反相变化与我国夏季降水的关系在年际、年代际尺度上均显示:当高原对流层低层至对流层中上部升温而对流层上部降温时,我国夏季降水表现为南方型,其中以江南至华南地区降水显著偏多而我国东北地区降水显著偏少为主要分布特征;另外,长江流域的局部地区及我国西北的部分地区降水也明显偏少,而华北东部的局部地区、青藏高原中部及东部地区以及新疆西北部地区降水明显偏多;降水异常分布在年代际尺度上比年际尺度更显著。环流分析显示:当高原对流层低层至对流层中上部升温而对流层上部降温时东亚中高纬度地区为异常高压控制,中低纬度地区受异常低压影响。环流场与降水分布有较好的配置关系。 相似文献
6.
选取长江流域沿线及三峡库区12个代表站,根据中国500年旱涝图集等级和各站建站以来5—9月降水量资料,按照旱涝等级标准,分别得到长江全流域、上游流域、中游流域、下游流域及其三峡库区1470—2011年旱涝等级序列。结果表明:长江各流域及其三峡库区均呈现较为明显的旱涝交替阶段,20世纪偏旱频率强烈增加,19世纪和20世纪偏涝频率明显增加。长江流域和三峡库区偏旱以上等级具有准160年周期震荡,全流域偏涝以上存在准140年的周期震荡,但20世纪后有所减弱,三峡库区偏涝以上等级存在准百年的周期震荡。三峡建坝蓄水前后库区降水EOF时空分布呈一致减少趋势,与此同时长江上游降水呈下降趋势,反映了长江上游流域及三峡库区气候趋旱;M-K突变检验显示水库蓄水前后流域上游和库区降水均未发生显著变化。在全球气候变化的背景下,三峡库区旱涝演变并不是孤立事件,而是与长江上游乃至整个长江流域旱涝背景密不可分。 相似文献
7.
Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Extreme Hourly Precipitation over Eastern China in the Warm Season 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
Based on hourly precipitation data in eastern China in the warm season during 1961-2000,spatial distributions of frequency for 20 mm h 1 and 50 mm h 1 precipitation were analyzed,and the criteria of short-duration rainfall events and severe rainfall events are discussed.Furthermore,the percentile method was used to define local hourly extreme precipitation;based on this,diurnal variations and trends in extreme precipitation were further studied.The results of this study show that,over Yunnan,South China,North China,and Northeast China,the most frequent extreme precipitation events occur most frequently in late afternoon and/or early evening.In the Guizhou Plateau and the Sichuan Basin,the maximum frequency of extreme precipitation events occurs in the late night and/or early morning.And in the western Sichuan Plateau,the maximum frequency occurs in the middle of the night.The frequency of extreme precipitation (based on hourly rainfall measurements) has increased in most parts of eastern China,especially in Northeast China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,but precipitation has decreased significantly in North China in the past 50 years.In addition,stations in the Guizhou Plateau and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River exhibit significant increasing trends in hourly precipitation extremes during the nighttime more than during the daytime. 相似文献
8.
春季青藏高原感热对中国东部夏季降水的影响和预测作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1980-2012年青藏高原中、东部71个站点观测资料、全中国756站的月降水资料、哈得来中心提供的HadISST v1.1海温资料以及ERA-Interim再分析资料,综合青藏高原的感热加热以及全球海温,研究了春季青藏高原感热对中国东部夏季降水的影响,并建立预报方程,探讨了青藏高原春季感热对中国降水的预报作用。结果表明,青藏高原春季感热与中国东部降水关系密切,青藏高原春季感热异常增强伴随着长江流域中下游同期降水增多,后期夏季长江流域整流域降水也持续偏多,华南东部降水偏少。春季青藏高原感热的增强与环北半球中高纬度的罗斯贝波列密切相关,扰动在北太平洋形成的反气旋环流向西南方向延伸至西北太平洋,为长江流域输送大量的水汽,有利于降水的发生。夏季,伴随着前期青藏高原感热的增强,南亚高压位置偏东,西北太平洋副热带高压（西太副高）位置偏西偏南,西太副高北侧为气旋式环流异常。在西太副高的控制下,华南东部降水减少;西太副高西侧的偏南气流为长江流域带来大量水汽,并与来自北部气旋式环流异常西侧的偏北风发生辐合,降水增多。青藏高原春季感热异常是华南和长江流域夏季降水异常的重要前兆信号。加入青藏高原春季感热后,利用海温预报的华南、长江流域夏季降水量与观测值的相关系数有所提高,预报方程对区域降水的解释方差提高约15%。 相似文献
9.
极端降水事件变化的观测研究 总被引：68，自引：4，他引：64
回顾了气候变化背景下的极端降水事件变化观测研究的主要进展,结合全球变化的特点,重点讨论了中国极端降水事件的变化特征。指出：最近50多年,我国降水强度普遍趋于增加,降水日数除西北地区外其他大部分地区显著减少。极端降水与总降水量变化之间的关系很密切,西北西部、长江及长江以南地区极端强降水事件趋于频繁,华北地区虽然极端降水事件频数明显减少,但极端降水量占总降水量的比例仍有所增加。连阴雨产生的年降水量在华北、东北东部和西南东部地区明显减小,在青藏高原东部和一些东南沿海地区则增加。降水日数和微量降水日数减少是近年来我国干旱化趋势发展的一个重要特点。 相似文献
10.
1951/1952～2004/2005年中国冬季降水变化研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
运用AREM模式对2005年5月31日发生在湖南新邵的一次特大暴雨天气过程进行模拟分析.利用模式输出的1 h基本物理量计算螺旋度,结果表明:螺旋度对特大暴雨的预报有指示意义,特大暴雨产生在低层正螺旋度中心与高层负螺旋度中心相配合的区域.在暴雨强盛期,螺旋度中低层最大正值位于750 hPa,最大负值位于450 hPa.比较新邵1 h实况降雨量和AREM模式模拟的降水值与相应时刻的螺旋度,发现5月31日19～22时之间的暴雨增幅最大,为172 mm/3 h,而螺旋度值也相应出现了最大的增幅20 m2/(s2·3 h),31日21～22时新邵暴雨出现峰值,但螺旋度却开始减小,此后两者又一致地逐渐减弱. 相似文献
11.
Trends in graded precipitation in China from 1961 to 2000 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Daily precipitation rates observed at 576 stations in China from 1961 to 2000 were classified into six grades of intensity, including trace （no amount）, slight （≤ 1 mm d^-1）, small, large, heavy, and very heavy. The last four grades together constitute the so called effective precipitation （〉 1 mm d^-1）. The spatial distribution and temporal trend of the graded precipitation days are examined. A decreasing trend in trace precipitation days is observed for the whole of China, except at several sites in the south of the middle section of the Yangtze River, while a decreasing trend in slight precipitation days only appears in eastern China. The decreasing trend and interannual variability of trace precipitation days is consistent with the warming trend and corresponding temperature variability in China for the same period, indicating a possible role played by increased surface air temperature in cloud formation processes. For the effective precipitation days, a decreasing trend is observed along the Yellow River valley and for the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Southwest China, while an increasing trend is found for Xinjiang, the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Northeast China and Southeast China. The decreasing trend of effective precipitation days for the middle- lower Yellow River valley and the increasing trend for the lower Yangtze River valley are most likely linked to anomalous monsoon circulation in East China. The most important contributor to the trend in effective precipitation depends upon the region concerned. 相似文献
12.
Regional trends in recent precipitation indices in China 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
Summary Regional characteristics of recent precipitation indices in China were analyzed from a daily rainfall dataset based on 494
stations during 1961 to 2000. Some indices such as precipitation percentiles, precipitation intensity, and precipitation persistence
were used and their inter-decadal differences were shown in this study.
Over the last 40 years, precipitation indices in China showed increasing and decreasing trends separated into three main regions.
A decreasing trend of annual precipitation and summer precipitation was observed from the southern part of northeast China
to the mid-low Yellow River valley and the upper Yangtze River valley. This region also showed a decreasing trend in precipitation
intensity and a decreasing trend in the frequency of persistent wet days. On the other hand, increasing trends in precipitation
intensity were found in the Xinjiang region (northwest China), the northern part of northeast China, and southeast China,
mainly to the south of the mid-low Yangtze River. The indices of persistent wet days and strong rainfall have contributed
to the increasing frequency of floods in southeast China and the Xinjiang region in the last two decades. Persistent dry days
and weakening rainfall have resulted in the increasing frequency of drought along the Yellow River valley including North
China.
Regional precipitation characteristics and trends in precipitation indices indicate the climate state variations in the last
four decades. A warm-wet climate state was found in northwest China and in the northern part of northeast China. A warm-dry
climate state extends from the southern part of northeast China to the Yellow River valley, while a cool-wet summer was found
in southeast China, particularly in the mid-low Yangtze River valley over the last two decades. 相似文献
13.
Understanding variations in precipitation from a variety of aspects is important for the utilization of water resources. Based on daily precipitation records at 98 meteorological stations in Sichuan province, southwestern China, the spatial and temporal changes in wet/dry spells were investigated by using 14 precipitation indices. The Mann–Kendall trend test is used to detect trends in the index series. Results suggest that the decrease of precipitation in central and eastern Sichuan was significant in terms of decreasing tendencies of wet spell indices. However, the decreasing trend of dry spell indices suggested an increase in precipitation in western Sichuan province. A higher risk of droughts can be expected in autumn and wet spell indices in winter and spring are increasing, implying obvious seasonality and seasonal shifts of change in precipitation within this province. Wet/dry spells with short duration were accounted for a large proportion of spells in Sichuan. The occurrence and fractional contribution of short-duration wet spells were increasing. The same trend was found in dry spells with short and moderate duration in Sichuan 相似文献
14.
采用1961—2005年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 研究了夏季青藏高原东南部水汽收支的气候特征及其影响效应。结果表明:夏季青藏高原东南部总体上是一个水汽汇区, 平均总收入为39.9×106 kg/s。东亚夏季风的建立、推进对青藏高原东南部的水汽输入有重要影响, 而青藏高原东南部的水汽输出则与夏季我国东部雨带的推进过程密切相关。该区对周边地区的水汽收支有重要影响, 是向我国西北地区东部、长江中下游地区输送水汽的重要通道, 青藏高原东南部的水汽“转运站”效应是长江中下游流域洪涝和北方夏季干旱异常的关键因子之一。青藏高原东南部东、北边界夏季水汽收支均具有准两年周期振荡特征, 并分别与长江中下游、西北地区东部夏季降水的准两年振荡特征具有一定的联系。 相似文献
15.
16.
Warming and drying trends on the Tibetan Plateau (1971–2005) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hong Xie Jiansheng Ye Xiuming Liu Chongyi E 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2010,101(3-4):241-253
Annual and seasonal trends in maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) were examined with the goal of understanding trends in temperature and moisture across the Tibetan Plateau, using meteorological data (1971–2005) collected at 63 stations. Trends in pan evaporation (PE; 1971–2001, 68 stations) and runoff (1971–2002) in the headwater of the Yellow River were also analysed. Positive trends in maximum and minimum temperatures were observed across the Tibetan Plateau. The highest increases were observed during winter, with results from the majority of stations statistically significant at the 95% level. A decrease trend in diurnal temperature range (DTR) was also observed. Trends in annual and seasonal precipitation and VPD were positive, while the trend in PE was negative. However, the increase in precipitation was not as pronounced as the increase in temperature. Although PE decreased during the time series, actual evaporation probably increased because of the warming across the Tibetan Plateau, where the annual potential water loss measured as PE is three to four times the annual water supply by precipitation. Warming was expected to increase evapotranspiration, causing more water vapour to escape into the atmosphere, thus counteracting or even exceeding the slight increase in precipitation. The increases in annual and seasonal VPD trends indicated a drying tendency and were further substantiated by the observed decrease in runoff in the headwater catchment of the Yellow River. The results provided insight into recent climatic changes across the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
17.
18.
该文利用１９９５年６月中旬至７月初ＧＭＳ－５水汽图象，对青藏高原地区对流层上部水汽分布进行了初步分析．发现高原地区对流层上部水汽的汇集主要通过以下４种方式进行：①水汽从高原东南方的雅鲁藏布江河谷等地进入高原，是主要路径；②从西南方越过喜马拉雅山进入高原；③从帕米尔及其以北地区漂过塔里木盆地后进入高原；④对流活动可以引起水汽在高原上空积聚．从多时相平均水汽图象上反映出高原上西北干、东南湿的水汽分布特征，并初步讨论了水汽图象所揭示的在高原生成的系统对我国东部天气的影响． 相似文献
19.
中国年和季各等级日降水量的变化趋势分析 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17
通过对中国554个测站1961—2003年的日降水量数据进行线性回归,对我国全年和各个季节的总降水量和各级降水的线性趋势进行分析,并对两种不同的极端降水定义方法所得的变化趋势进行了比较。结果显示,全年总降水量在西北、长江中下游和华南地区具有明显的增加趋势,而在华北和四川盆地地区具有明显的减少趋势。分析各类降水的季节变化趋势可以发现,西北地区各个季节的日降水都是增加的,长江中下游地区的各类降水的增加趋势主要集中在夏季和冬季,而华北地区的各类降水在各个季节基本都呈减少趋势。极端降水趋势方面,西北、长江中下游、西南部分地区和华南沿海地区具有明显的增加趋势,而华北、四川盆地和东北部分地区则有明显的减少趋势。 相似文献
20.
该文利用1995年6月中旬至7月初GMS-5水汽图像，对青藏高原地区对流层上部水汽分布进行了初步分析。发现高原地区对流层上部水汽的汇集主要通过以下4种方式进行:①水汽从高原东南方的雅鲁藏布江河谷等地进入高原，是主要路径；②从西南方越过喜马拉雅山进入高原；③从帕米尔及其以北地区漂过塔里木盆地后进入高原；④对流活动可以引起水汽在高原上空积聚。从多时相平均水汽图像上反映出高原上西北干、东南湿的水汽分布特征，并初步讨论了水汽图像所揭示的在高原生成的系统对我国东部天气的影响。 相似文献