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为了研究空间尺度效应对城市扩展模式分析的影响,本文选用TM和SPOT-5的遥感影像作为数据源,以北京市朝阳区作为研究区,首先将SPOT-5数据按照面积占优法获得10米至80米的多尺度数据,用于分析城市景观格局的尺度效应,结果显示10米至30米是城市景观格局变化较大的空间尺度。再结合TM尺度的历史数据,利用最小斑块大小相同的SPOT数据和TM数据对城市扩展模式的景观指数变化情况进行了分析:边界密度和面积加权平均斑块分维数都呈相反的变化方向,这对城市扩展方式的确定有较大影响;居民地斑块类型百分比和最大斑块指数虽然趋势正确,但是差别较大;斑块密度受尺度的影响较小。 相似文献
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《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2016,(7)
以徐州市贾汪矿区1983年、1993年、2003年和2013年4期Landsat影像为数据源,综合景观格局指数粒度效应和信息损失评价法,确定了贾汪矿区景观格局指数的最佳分析粒度为60m。在该粒度下,基于景观水平和斑块水平对区域景观格局演化进行分析。结果表明,在景观水平上,2003年以前,区域景观格局在煤炭资源的开采、城市化等的驱动下,景观格局呈破碎化、异质化和连通性降低的趋势;2003年以后,由于矿区土地复垦项目的实施、城乡统筹发展和区域连片发展,使区域景观格局呈连续化、均衡化和连通性增大的趋势。在景观类型尺度上,耕地、建设用地和水域随时间的变化最为活跃,1983~2003年间,耕地、水域受煤炭资源开采等活动的影响,斑块趋于破碎化,连通性降低,而建设用地在城市化发展的驱动下,变得更为复杂;2003~2013年间,耕地、水域和建设用地呈现高连通性、斑块规则化的趋势。 相似文献
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西北内陆干旱区河流绿色走廊湿地景观格局变化及其生态效应研究——以车尔臣河下游为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用"3S"技术,通过选取景观的多样性、优势度、破碎度和斑块形状等空间格局指数对车尔臣河下游绿色走廊1975~2007年近32 a间湿地景观格局变化进行研究,并对景观格局变化产生的生态效应进行了分析.结果表明:1975~2000年,湿地面积与斑块数量小幅度增大;2000~2007年,湿地面积与斑块数量大幅度减小,斑块平均面积与斑块密度持续减小,斑块形状趋于复杂,景观格局的多样性减小,优势度与破碎化程度增大.在各湿地类型中,河流湿地面积变化幅度较小,湖泊湿地面积大幅度增大,沼泽湿地面积大幅度减小. 相似文献
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针对高原湿地的退化及其相关生态环境问题的发生源于湿地水体退化,该文首先利用1994-2015年的TM影像,采用归一化水指数和改进的归一化水指数提取了3个不同年份夏季的湿地水体信息;其次,选取斑块平均面积、景观斑块形状破碎化指数和分维度3个指标,分析了不同时期湿地水体的斑块面积和形状破碎度变化.研究结果表明:若尔盖湿地水体20年来总体呈明显萎缩趋势,水体斑块的形状破碎化程度以2001年为拐点,分维数和斑块平均形状破碎化指数先升后降,但面积加权形状破碎化指数先降后升. 相似文献
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以景观生态学理论为研究基础,以高分辨率遥感影像等为数据源、利用RS和GIS技术,将梅州城市规划区的土地利用类型分为耕地、林地、草地、城镇用地及公路用地、湖泊水面、河流水面、裸地、滩涂等9类,并从景观的基本构成、景观水平的破碎化与多样性、不同景观斑块的空间格局特征等进行了研究分析;并提出对研究区合理规划土地开发利用的建议... 相似文献
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城市绿地对城市热岛缓解效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以郑州市作为研究区域,运用Landsat5 TM遥感影像反演研究区地表温度和提取绿地分布,从斑块和景观水平两个尺度研究城市绿地对城市热岛效应的缓解程度。结果表明,在斑块尺度上,斑块面积和斑块形状指数与城市地表温度间均呈负相关关系;在景观尺度上,绿地面积比和聚集度指数与城市地表温度间呈负相关关系,景观碎裂化指数与之呈正相关关系。 相似文献
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Accurate geo-information of cropland is critical for food security strategy development and grain production management, especially in Africa continent where most countries are food-insecure. Over the past decades, a series of African cropland maps have been derived from remotely-sensed data, existing comparison studies have shown that inconsistencies with statistics and discrepancies among these products are considerable. Yet, there is a knowledge gap about the factors that influence their consistency. The aim of this study is thus to estimate the consistency of five widely-used cropland datasets (MODIS Collection 5, GlobCover 2009, GlobeLand30, CCI-LC 2010, and Unified Cropland Layer) in Africa, and to explore the effects of several limiting factors (landscape fragmentation, climate and agricultural management) on spatial consistency. The results show that total cropland area for Africa derived from GlobeLand30 has the best fitness with FAO statistics, followed by MODIS Collection 5. GlobCover 2009, CCI-LC 2010, and Unified Cropland Layer have poor performances as indicated by larger deviations from statistics. In terms of spatial consistency, disagreement is about 37.9 % at continental scale, and the disparate proportion even exceeds 50 % in approximately 1/3 of the countries at national scale. We further found that there is a strong and significant correlation between spatial agreement and cropland fragmentation, suggesting that regions with higher landscape fragmentation generally have larger disparities. It is also noticed that places with better consistency are mainly distributed in regions with favorable natural environments and sufficient agricultural management such as well-developed irrigated technology. Proportions of complete agreement are thus located in favorable climate zones including Hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa), Subtropical highland climate (Cwb), and Temperate Mediterranean climate (Csb). The level of complete agreement keeps rising as the proportion of irrigated cropland increases. Spatial agreement among these datasets has the most significant relationship with cropland fragmentation, and a relatively small association with irrigation area, followed by climate conditions. These results can provide some insights into understanding how different factors influence the consistency of cropland datasets, and making an appropriate selection when using these datasets in different regions. We suggest that future cropland mapping activities should put more effort in those regions with significant disagreement in Sub-Saharan Africa. 相似文献
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LI Jianping GAO Feng ZHANG Bai 《地球空间信息科学学报》2007,10(2):128-132
By using remote sensing images from three periods (1980, 1995, 2000) and with the support of GIS and RS, the spatial information of landscape elements of Jilin Province from 1980 to 2000 was interpreted and extracted. Using models of landscape indices such as diversity, fragmentation, and mean patch fractal dimension, dynamic spatio-temporal changes of landscape patterns of the province were analyzed. The results: ① cropland and forestland were the main landscape types, and forestland became a landscape matrix; ② in the study area, landscapes were distributed unevenly, and there was low heterogeneity, a simple ecosystem structure and a tendency of irrational landscape patterns. There were also simple spatial shapes of patches and strong self-similarities, and in terms of dynamic change analysis, patch shapes tended to be more simple; ③ from 1980 to 2000, holistic landscape fragmentation was low and changed slightly. As far as landscape elements were concerned, the fragmentation of grassland, water area, land for residential area and factory facilities was relatively low; land distribution for residential areas and factory facilities was dispersed; and cropland and forestland were most concentrated-an indication that the trend will continue. Comprehensive effects among human activity, local policy, regional climate and environmental change led to the results. 相似文献
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Modelling the empirical relationships between habitat quality and species distribution patterns is the first step to understanding human impacts on biodiversity. It is important to build on this understanding to develop a broader conceptual appreciation of the influence of surrounding landscape structure on local habitat quality, across multiple spatial scales. Traditional models which report that ‘habitat amount’ in the landscape is sufficient to explain patterns of biodiversity, irrespective of habitat configuration or spatial variation in habitat quality at edges, implicitly treat each unit of habitat as interchangeable and ignore the high degree of interdependence between spatial components of land-use change. Here, we test the contrasting hypothesis, that local habitat units are not interchangeable in their habitat attributes, but are instead dependent on variation in surrounding habitat structure at both patch- and landscape levels. As the statistical approaches needed to implement such hierarchical causal models are observation-intensive, we utilise very high resolution (VHR) Earth Observation (EO) images to rapidly generate fine-grained measures of habitat patch internal heterogeneities over large spatial extents. We use linear mixed-effects models to test whether these remotely-sensed proxies for habitat quality were influenced by surrounding patch or landscape structure. The results demonstrate the significant influence of surrounding patch and landscape context on local habitat quality. They further indicate that such an influence can be direct, when a landscape variable alone influences the habitat structure variable, and/or indirect when the landscape and patch attributes have a conjoined effect on the response variable. We conclude that a substantial degree of interaction among spatial configuration effects is likely to be the norm in determining the ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation, thus corroborating the notion of the spatial context dependence of habitat quality. 相似文献
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China has experienced rapid and massive urban expansion in recent decades. To address the opportunities and challenges posed by urbanization, it is important to investigate this process. Although many studies have characterized China’s urbanization, mainly based on individual cities or urban agglomerations, few studies have compared the urban expansion patterns among cities of different regions and sizes at a national scale. Additionally, the source of the newly developed urban land has largely been ignored in previous research. To fill these gaps, we provide a comprehensive view of the growth patterns of 291 Chinese cities during 1990–2015, quantifying the rates, spatial forms, and corresponding landscape characteristics of the urban expansion. More importantly, we further investigate what their new urban land is converted from. Key findings include: (1) the annual expansion (AE) and annual growth rate (AGR) of all 291 cities were 1869.81?km2 and 4.81% during 1990–2015; (2) cropland and rural settlements were the predominant source, accounting for 65.22% and 17.49% of the new urban land during 1990–2015; (3) edge-expansion was the dominant growth form for most cities, followed by infilling and leapfrogging growth; and (4) the landscape characteristics of the occupied cropland differed across various cities. 相似文献
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Cong Xie Leiguang Wang Xing Fang Wenzhi Liao 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(11):1085-1102
China has experienced unprecedented urbanization in the past decades, resulting in dramatic changes in the physical, limnological, and hydrological characteristics of lakes in urban landscapes. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics in distribution and abundance of urban lakes in China remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized the spatiotemporal change patterns of urban lakes in China’s major cities between 1990 and 2015 using remote-sensing data and landscape metrics. The results showed that the urban lake landscape patterns have experienced drastic changes over the past 25 years. The total surface area of the urban lakes has decreased by 17,620.02?ha, a decrease of 24.22%, with a significant increase in the landscape fragmentation and a reduction in shape complexity. We defined three lake-shrinkage types and found that vanishment was the most common lake-shrinkage pattern, followed by edge-shrinkage and tunneling in terms of lake area. Moreover, we also found that urban sprawl was the dominant driver of the lake shrinkage, accounting for 67.89% of the total area loss, and the transition from lakes to cropland was also an important factor (19.86%). This study has potential for providing critical baseline information for government decision-making in lake resources management and urban landscape design. 相似文献
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近年来,我国公路对自然生态环境的影响随着通车里程的增加而日益显著。在公路选线的过程中,全面分析拟建公路走廊带内景观破碎度的空间分异特征,可有效减少公路修建对生态环境的不利影响。本文利用遥感分类技术和GIS(地理信息系统)空间分析方法,以湖南长湘公路走廊带某段土地斑块和景观分类为基础,借助斑块密度指数、最大斑块指数和相似邻近比指数,在斑块类型水平和景观水平两个层面全面分析公路走廊带内自然林地景观、农业景观和城乡建设景观破碎度的空间分异特征。结果表明:长湘公路走廊带内景观破碎度高的地区主要分布在大型斑块边缘、平原地区以及公路沿线;自然林地景观和农业景观的破碎度较低,城乡建设景观的破碎度较高;城乡建设景观的破碎度与公路相关性最强,表现出顺应公路走向的条带状蔓延特征。该研究成果可为公路选线方案的制订和完善提供环境影响方面的参考。 相似文献
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Andrey N. Petrov 《国际地球制图》2013,28(3):223-240
This study focuses on the spatiotemporal dynamics of agricultural lands and differences in rapidly developing urban and declining rural counties in Iowa, USA between 1984 and 2000. The study presents an analysis of land-cover maps derived from Landsat TM and ETM+ satellite imagery and different landscape metrics using FRAGSTATS and IDRISI software. The study provides evidence of both loss of croplands and change in fragmentation between 1984 and 2000. Fragmentation in agriculture-dominated areas increased with the development of urban centres and diversification of land uses. Fragmentation of landscapes, including agricultural land, was found to be higher in the urbanized counties, but was stable or even declined over time in these counties. In contrast, in the context of remote rural areas, agricultural landscapes experienced rapid increase in fragmentation and farmland loss. The urban–rural gradient analysis used in this study showed that the highest fragmentation occurred on the city edges. These findings suggest that farmland fragmentation is a complex process associated with socio-economic trends at regional and local scales. In addition, socio-economic determinants of landscape fragmentation differ between areas with diverging development trajectories. Intensive cropland fragmentation in remote agricultural regions, detected by this research, should be further studied and its possible effects on both agricultural productivity and biodiversity should be carefully considered. 相似文献
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典型小流域土地利用景观生态评价方法及其应用研究--以浙江仙居县永安溪为例 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过对浙江省东部仙居县永安溪流域选取位于上、中、下游地段的3个乡镇，分别进行景观生态评价研究，主要是对各类斑块的面积、分维数、伸长指数、最小距离指数等计算，发现从上游到下游的土地利用方式发生了较大变化，如耕地所占比例有所增加，而乔木林地所占比例则相应降低。此外，人工干扰形成的耕地、居民点的平均斑块面积从上游到下游逐渐增加，表明居民的聚居程度逐渐增强。土地垦殖和耕作水平也发生了变化。在3个乡镇中，人工景观如耕地、园地、居民点的最小距离指数均小于人工干扰较少的景观(乔木林地、未利用地等)。在3个乡镇中分别选取居民点面积最大的3个斑块，并以这3个斑块为中心，分别建立了距离为1000m和2000m的缓冲区(缓冲区A和B)，均发现在中游地段的破碎度最大，下游次之，上游最小。除缓冲区A外，在缓冲区B和乡镇范围内，随着人为干扰的增强，多样性指数增大，优势度降低。 相似文献
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以湖南省郴州市北湖区为研究区,采用GIS技术、景观生态学原理和定量分析方法,研究了湘南丘陵区农村居民点用地总量、规模、空间形态、空间分布等景观格局变化特征,并对2004年和2009年2个时段不同海拔高度农村居民点景观格局动态变化进行了分析。结果表明:农村居民点在地形低缓处集聚;从2004年到2009年,北湖区农村居民点用地增加了168.7hm2;5年来丘陵区农村居民点平均规模增长了5.57%;在空间形态上,斑块分维数和形状指数2009年比2004年分别增加了0.031、0.189,农村居民点越来越破碎;在空间分布上,斑块间邻近距离不断缩短,平均最邻近距离缩短了13.29%,呈现出集中、连片分布的特点。 相似文献