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1.
Atmospheric precipitation samples were collected in the Bohemian Karst (30 km SW from Prague, Czech Republic) at six localities in the vicinity of the limestone-quarry Čertovy schody during years 1996–2003. Samples were analyzed for major components (Na +, K +, Mg 2+, Ca 2+, F −, Cl −, NO 3−, HCO 3−, SO 42−) and trace metals (Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Pb, Be, As, Sr, Cd, Al, Cr). Deposition fluxes were calculated from more than 10 000 elemental analyses of samples collected monthly. The fluxes of monitored substances show temporal and spatial variability. The most marked attribute is the strong affection by local emission sources confirmed by the investigation of seasonal variability, temporal trend and correlation analysis. 相似文献
2.
The playa Areg el Makrzene is situated in the north of the escarpment of the Djebel Rehach in southern Tunisia. It is characterised by more than 70 spring mounds which are bound to faults in the Triassic sandstone, and by (sub-) recent calcareous and iron hydroxide precipitations. The artesian spring water contains high amounts of Na +, Ca 2+, Mg 2+ and Cl −, SO 42−, and HCO 3, shows slightly alkaline character and a temperature of 25 °C. The spring mounds consist of porous travertine (calcite), goethite, gypsum and of Na–Mg evaporites and are up to 10 m high. Few metres away from the springs the amorphous iron hydroxides have altered to badly ordered goethite and ferrihydrite and finally to well ordered goethite. The muddy precipitate has altered to hard crusts (calcrete, ferricrete). The source of the precipitated material is discussed. The faults in the sandstone are filled with (hydr-)oxides of iron and manganese, e.g. with goethite, hollandite and pyrolusite. The amount of Mn-oxides may reach 60 mass%. 相似文献
3.
Several types of fluid immiscibility may affect the evolution of volatile-rich magmatic systems at the magmatic–hydrothermal transition. The topology of silicate–salt–H 2O systems implies that three-fluid immiscibility (silicate melt+hydrosaline melt+vapour) should be stable in a broad range of compositions and P– T conditions. The most important factor controlling the immiscibility appears to be the Coulombic properties (electric charges Z and ionic radii r) of the main network-modifying cations and the capacity for immiscibility appears to decrease in the following sequence: Mg>Ca>Sr>Ba>Li>Na>K. Liquid immiscibility is enhanced in peralkaline compositions and in the presence of nonsilicate anions such as F −, Cl −, CO 32− and BO 33−. In volatile-rich magmatic systems, the H 2O is likely to react with the chloride, fluoride, borate and carbonate species and the chemical effects of high-temperature hydrolysis may be greatly enhanced by phase separation in systems with multiple immiscible fluid phases. Natural granitic magmas can thus exsolve a range of chemically and physically diverse hydrosaline liquids and the role of these fluid phases is likely to be especially significant in pegmatites and Li–F rare-metal granites. 相似文献
4.
This study deals with the major ions and isotope systematics for C, O, S, and Sr in the Indus River Basin (IRB). Major ion chemistry of the Indus, and most of its headwater tributaries, follow the order Ca 2+>Mg 2+>(Na ++K +) and HCO 3−>(SO 42−+Cl −)>Si. In the lowland tributaries and in some of the Punjab rivers, however, (Na ++K +) and (SO 42−+Cl −) predominate. Cyclic salts, important locally for Na + in dilute headwater tributaries, constitute about 5% of the annual solutes transported by the Indus. Weathering of two lithologies, sedimentary carbonates and crystalline rocks, controls the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations and its carbon isotope systematics throughout the Indus, but turbulent flow and lower temperatures in the headwaters, and storage in reservoirs in the middle and lower Indus promote some equlibration with atmospheric carbon dioxide. Combined evidence from sulfur and oxygen isotopic composition of sulfates refutes the proposition that dissolution of these minerals plays a significant role in the IRB hydrochemistry and suggests that any dissolved sulfates were derived by oxidation of sulfide minerals. In the upper Indus, silicate weathering contributes as much as 75% (or even higher in some tributaries) of the total Na+ and K+, declining to less than 40% as the Indus exits the orogen. In contrast, about two-thirds of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the upper Indus (over 70% in some tributaries) and three-fourth in the lower Indus, are derived from sedimentary carbonates. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios tend to rise with increasing proportions of silicate derived cations in the headwater tributaries and in the upper and middle Indus, but are out of phase or reversed in the lower Indus. Finally, close to the river mouth, the discharge weighted average contribution of silicate derived Ca2++Mg2+ and silicate derived Na++K+ are, respectively, about one-fourth and two-thirds of their total concentrations. 相似文献
5.
Pyrite and marcasite were precipitated by both slow addition of aqueous Fe 2+ and SiO 32− to an H 2S solution and by mixing aqueous Fe 2+ and Na 2S 4 solutions at 75°C. H 2S 2 or HS 2− and H 2S 4 or HS 4− were formed in the S 2O 32− and Na 2S 4 experiments, respectively. Marcasite formed at pH < pK 1 of the polysulfide species present (for H2S2, pK1 = 5.0; for H2S4, pK1 = 3.8 at 25° C). Marcasite forms when the neutral sulfane is the dominant polysulfide, whereas pyrite forms when mono-or divalent polysulfides are dominant. In natural solutions where H 2S 2 and HS 2 are likely to be the dominant polysulfides, marcasite will form only below pH 5 at all temperatures. The pH-dependent precipitation of pyrite and marcasite may be caused by electrostatic interactions between polysulfide species and pyrite or marcasite growth surfaces: the protonated ends of H2S2 and HS2 are repelled from pyrite growth sites but not from marcasite growth sites. The negative ions HS2 and S22− are strongly attracted to the positive pyrite growth sites. Masking of 1πg* electrons in the S2 group by the protons makes HS2 and H2S2 isoelectronic with AsS2− and As22−, respectively (
et al., 1981). Thus, the loellingitederivative structure (marcasite) results when both ends of the polysulfide are protonated. Marcasite occurs abundantly only for conditions below pH 5 and where H2S2 was formed near the site of deposition by either partial oxidation of aqueous H2S by O2 or by the reaction of higher oxidation state sulfur species that are reactive with H2S at the conditions of formation e.g., S2O32− but not SO42−. The temperature of formation of natural marcasite may be as high as 240°C (
and
, 1985), but preservation on a multimillion-year scale seems to require post-depositional temperatures of below about 160°C (
, 1973;
and
, 1985). 相似文献
6.
黔中地区是岩溶作用发育的喀斯特区域.1993年秋和1994年春末采自该地区不同类型水样的水化学分析表明:碳酸盐岩裂隙泉水呈中偏碱性,为[C]Ca-Ⅱ型;秋季离子总量、HCO 3-及Ca2+浓度大于春季.裂隙泉水流经地表一定距离后,HCO 3-降低,pH及SO 42-、Cl-、K+、Na+明显增高.黄果树的天星桥、水帘洞及落水潭三个部位河水的SO 42-、Na+以及Fe3+、NO 3-等浓度的季节性变化也更加明显.春季因瀑布暴气,CO 2的逸出,钙华生成更强烈一些.红枫湖作为喀斯特区域地表水的汇集地,HCO 3-与SO 42-的当量比值仅2.1～2.4;Ca2+与Mg2+比值上升为2.4～4.2,Cl-浓度较碳酸盐岩裂隙泉水增高1倍;Na+浓度增高一个数量级.说明流域内地表土层溶蚀及人为污染影响的增强.土层孔隙水属强矿化水,而湖水呈现过渡特征.碳酸盐沉淀作用、硫酸盐矿化作用及固氮氨化作用,导致水质组成的显着差异. 相似文献
7.
Within the framework of Pitzer's specific interaction model, interaction parameters for aqueous silica in concentrated electrolyte solutions have been derived from Marshall and co-authors amorphous silica solubility measurements. The values, at 25°C, of the Pitzer interaction parameter (λ SiO2(aq)−i) determined in this study are the following: 0.092 (i = Na +), 0.032 (K +), 0.165 (Li +), 0.292 (Ca 2+, Mg 2+), −0.139 (SO 42−), and −0.009 (NO 3−). A set of polynomial equations has been derived which can be used to calculate λ SiO2(aq)−i for these ions at any temperature up to 250°C. A linear relationship between the aqueous silica-ion interaction parameters (λ SiO2(aq)−i) and the surface electrostatic field ( Zi/ re,i) of ions was obtained. This empirical equation can be used to estimate, in first approximation, λ SiO2(aq)−i if no measurements are available. From this parameterisation, the calculated activity coefficient of aqueous silica is 2.52 at 25°C and 1.45 at 250°C in 5 m NaCl solution. At lower concentrations, e.g. 2 m NaCl, the activity coefficient of silica is 1.45 at 25°C and 1.2 at 250°C. Hence, in practice, it is necessary to take into account the activity coefficient of aqueous silica (λ SiO2(aq)≠1) in hydrothermal solutions and basinal brines where the ionic strength exceeds 1. A comparison of measured [Marshall, W.L., Chen, C.-T.A., 1982. Amorphous silica solubilities, V. Prediction of solubility behaviour in aqueous mixed electrolyte solutions to 300°C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 289–291.] and computed amorphous silica solubility, using this parameterisation, shows a good agreement. Because the effect of individual ions on silicate and silica polymorph solubilities are additive, the present study has permitted to derive Pitzer interaction parameters that allow a precise computation of γ SiO2(aq) in the Na---K---Ca---Mg---Cl---SO 4---HCO 3---SiO 2---H 2O system, over a large range of salt concentrations and up to temperatures of 250°C. 相似文献
8.
为了研究祁连山西段冰川末端地区大气PM 2.5细粒子中可溶性无机离子组分的变化特征,于2011年采集了一批大气PM 2.5的Telfon滤膜样品,并应用离子色谱对可溶性离子进行了分析。样品采用超纯水超声萃取各种水溶性离子,优化的萃取溶液体积为25 mL,萃取时间为30 min,萃取液用0.45μm纤维滤膜过滤,各种离子在一定浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数 r>0.999。所测样品的阴阳离子中,SO 42-、NO 3-、Ca 2+、和NH 4+的质量浓度约占到水溶性离子总量的88%。可溶性离子浓度呈现出春夏高、秋冬低的季节变化特征,夏季可溶性离子浓度最高。 相似文献
9.
The Loire River, with one of the largest watersheds in France, has been monitored just outside the city of Orleans since 1994. Physico-chemical parameters and major and trace elements were measured between 2-day and 1-week intervals according to the river flow. The sampling site represents 34% of the total Loire watershed with 76% silicate rocks and 24% carbonate rocks. Elements are transported mainly in the dissolved phase with the ratio of total dissolved salts (TDS) to suspended matter (SM) ranging between 1.6 and 17.4. Chemical weathering of rocks and soils are thus the dominant mechanisms in the Loire waters composition. The highest TDS/SM ratios are due to dissolved anthropogenic inputs. The database shows no link between NO3− content and river flow. The Na+, K+, Mg2+, SO42−, and Cl− concentrations are seen to decrease with increasing discharge, in agreement with a mixing process involving at least two components: the first component (during low flow) is concentrated and may be related with input from the groundwater and sewage station water, the second component (during high flow) is more dilute and is in agreement with bedrock weathering and rainwater inputs. A geochemical behaviour pattern is also observed for HCO3− and Ca2+ species, their concentrations increase with increasing discharge up to 300 m3/s, after which, they decrease with increasing discharge. The Sr isotopic composition of the dissolved load is controlled by at least five components — a series of natural components represented by (a) waters draining the silicate and carbonate bedrock, (b) groundwater, and (c) rainwaters, and two kinds of anthropogenic components. The aim of this study is to describe the mixing model in order to estimate the contribution of each component. Finally, specific export rates in the upper Loire watershed were evaluated close to 12 t year−1 km−2 for the silicate rate and 47 t year−1 km−2 for the carbonate rate. 相似文献
10.
自然状态下土壤中重金属元素是否稳定存在是重金属污染固化修复技术中的核心问题。本文以常见重金属离子Pb 2+为例,分析土壤中重金属离子与常见离子基团结合的稳定性。将第一性原理应用于Pb的存在形态和稳定性的分析,计算了PbCO 3、PbSO 4、PbCl 2、Pb 3（PO 4） 2、PbAl 2O 4和Pb 3Fe 2（PO 4） 4的自由能、能带和态密度。首先推断Pb 2+和CO 32-、SO 42-、Cl -、PO 43-等土壤中常见阴离子的结合稳定性,再判断加入金属阳离子Al 3+和Fe 3+对体系稳定性的影响。结果表明：铅化合物自由能从高到低趋势为PbCl 2、PbAl 2O 4、PbCO 3、PbSO 4、Pb 3（PO 4） 2、Pb 3Fe 2（PO 4） 4,其相应的结构稳定性顺序从大到小为Pb 3Fe 2（PO 4） 4、Pb 3（PO 4） 2、PbSO 4、PbCO 3、PbAl 2O 4、PbCl 2。通过对能带和态密度的分析,首先确定了SO 42-和PO 43-的引入能够增强含Pb体系的稳定性,进一步加入金属阳离子Fe 3+会使体系更稳定。推测SO 42-、PO 43-为治理Pb 2+污染合适的官能团,应选择容易释放SO 42-、PO 43-的物质作为合适的钝化剂。在实际应用中可选择磷酸二氢钠、无水硫酸钠、脱硫石膏等作为钝化剂。 相似文献
11.
基于2018年4月额尔齐斯河源至富蕴段的河水样品, 综合运用Gibbs图、 Piper三线图、 相关矩阵分析等方法对河水中主要的化学离子、 pH值、 电导率、 TDS和氢、 氧稳定同位素等物理化学指标进行了分析。结果表明： 额尔齐斯河源春季河水呈弱碱性, TDS平均值为72.02 mg·L -1, 整体属于低矿化度水。河水中主要离子浓度序列为HCO 3- > SO 42- > Ca 2+ > Na + > Cl - > NO 3- > Mg 2+ > K +, 其中HCO 3-、 SO 42-和Ca 2+是最主要的阴阳离子。水化学类型从库依尔特河的HCO 3--Ca 2+型转变为额尔齐斯河富蕴段的（HCO 3-, SO 42-）-Ca 2+型。从源区至富蕴段各离子含量整体呈增大趋势, 但其增加过程受到复杂因素的影响而出现差异。河水离子主要受水-岩风化作用控制, 且以碳酸盐岩（石灰岩、 白云岩）为主的风化水解是离子的主要来源, 其次是长石类矿物的风化, 还包括下游人类活动的离子输入等。 δD和 δ18O沿程逐渐增大, 在下游出现了富集现象。 相似文献
12.
A decrease in temperature (Δ T up to 45.5 °C) and chloride concentration (ΔCl up to 4.65 mol/l) characterises the brine–seawater boundary in the Atlantis-II, Discovery, and Kebrit Deeps of the Red Sea, where redox conditions change from anoxic to oxic over a boundary layer several meters thick. High-resolution (100 cm) profiles of the methane concentration, stable carbon isotope ratio of methane, and redox-sensitive tracers (O 2, Mn 4+/Mn 2+, Fe 3+/Fe 2+, and SO 42−) were measured across the brine–seawater boundary layer to investigate methane fluxes and secondary methane oxidation processes. Substantial amounts of thermogenic hydrocarbons are found in the deep brines (mostly methane, with a maximum concentration up to 4.8×105 nmol/l), and steep methane concentration gradients mainly controlled by diffusive flow characterize the brine–seawater boundary (maximum of 2×105 nmol/l/m in Kebrit Deep). However, locally the actual methane concentration profiles deviate from theoretical diffusion-controlled concentration profiles and extremely positive δ13C–CH4 values can be found (up to +49‰ PDB in the Discovery Deep). Both, the actual CH4 concentration profiles and the carbon-13 enrichment in the residual CH4 of the Atlantis-II and Discovery Deeps indicate consumption (oxidation) of 12C-rich CH4 under suboxic conditions (probably utilizing readily available—up to 2000 μmol/l—Mn(IV)-oxihydroxides as electron acceptor). Thus, a combined diffusion–oxidation model was used to calculate methane fluxes of 0.3–393 kg/year across the brine–seawater boundary layer. Assuming steady-state conditions, this slow loss of methane from the brines into the Red Sea bottom water reflects a low thermogenic hydrocarbon input into the deep brines. 相似文献
13.
对2003年7月15~9月28日间中国第二次北极科学考察沿线所采集的气溶胶样品进行分析,获得了Na +、NH 4+ 、Ca 2+、Cl -、MSA、SO 42- 等11种离子的浓度数据(文中使用当量浓度).根据相关分析, 可将11种离子分为3类: 海盐源离子, 包括Na +、Mg 2+、K +、Ca 2+、Cl -、SO 42-; 人为源, 包括NH 4+ 、NO 3-; 其它源, 包括 CH 3COO -、MSA、C 2O 42-. 气溶胶以海盐气溶胶为主, Cl -、Na + 离子分别是阴阳离子中含量最大的离子, (Na + +Cl -)对气溶胶载量(所测定的阴阳离子的总和)的贡献平均为60.2%, 占气溶胶总量的一半以上. NH 4+ /SO 42- 的比值的平均为0.45, 根据当地的大气环境和气溶胶的离子平衡, 认为气溶胶样品中NH 4+ 和 SO 42- 主要是以 NH4HSO4的形式结合. 根据考察沿线 NO 3- 浓度的变化, 把考察沿线大致分为3个区: 日本海区, 中值为15.2 neq·m -3; 鄂霍次克海及白令海区, 中值为1.8 neq·m -3; 北冰洋区, 其浓度较低, 中值为0.4 neq·m -3. 考察沿线白令海是MSA的高产区. 相似文献
14.
As a result of the collapse of a mine tailing dam, a large extension of the Guadiamar valley was covered with a layer of pyritic sludge. Despite the removal of most of the sludge, a small amount remained in the soil, constituting a potential risk of water contamination. The kinetics of the sludge oxidation was studied by means of laboratory flow-through experiments at different pH and oxygen pressures. The sludge is composed mainly of pyrite (76%), together with quartz, gypsum, clays, and sulphides of zinc, copper, and lead. Trace elements, such as arsenic and cadmium, also constitute a potential source of pollution. The sludge is fine grained (median of 12 μm) and exhibits a large surface (BET area of 1.4±0.2 m 2 g −1). The dissolution rate law of sludge obtained is r=10−6.1(±0.3) [O2(aq)]0.41(±0.04) aH+0.09(±0.06) gsludge m−2 s−1 (22 °C, pH=2.5–4.7). The dissolution rate law of pyrite obtained is r=10−7.8(±0.3) [O2(aq)]0.50(±0.04) aH+0.10(±0.08) mol m−2 s−1 (22 °C, pH=2.5–4.7). Under the same experimental conditions, sphalerite dissolved faster than pyrite but chalcopyrite dissolves at a rate similar to that of pyrite. No clear dependence on pH or oxygen pressure was observed. Only galena dissolution seemed to be promoted by proton activity. Arsenic and antimony were released consistently with sulphate, except at low pH conditions under which they were released faster, suggesting that additional sources other than pyrite such as arsenopyrite could be present in the sludge. Cobalt dissolved congruently with pyrite, but Tl and Cd seemed to be related to galena and sphalerite, respectively. A mechanism for pyrite dissolution where the rate-limiting step is the surface oxidation of sulphide to sulphate after the adsorption of O2 onto pyrite surface is proposed. 相似文献
15.
为了对深变质岩区地热流体的成因和演化进行深入研究,在滇西陇川盆地开展了地质、放射性测量、磁法测量、水文地质和水文地球化学等调查工作,深入分析了盆地内尺巴处温泉的水文地球化学及同位素特征。结果表明：温泉水化学类型为HCO 3·SO 4·CO 3-Na型,温泉中Li +质量浓度为0.220 mg/L,达到了锂矿泉水的命名标准,F -质量浓度为8.29 mg/L,可称为氟水,具医疗价值;温泉热水中冷水混入比例为0.72,热水补给高程为1 166.83 m,补给区温度为9.96℃,热储温度为191.71℃,循环深度为2 082.29 m,温泉天然放热量为9.49×10 12 J/a;温泉水来源于大气降水,为深循环上升泉;地下水水化学组分的成因类型为岩石风化型,其主要组分来源于水岩相互作用;热源主要为深部未冷却的岩浆传导热及活动断裂产生的构造热,其次有少部分岩体中放射性同位素产生的放射热;深变质岩区温泉水中的pH值,SO 42-、Cl -、Na +、SiO 2质量浓度及总碱度高于冷水泉,Ca 2+、Mg 2+质量浓度低于冷水泉。 相似文献
16.
利用太白山北麓2011年12月-2013年7月共39次降水样品数据资料, 定量分析了该区域降水化学的特征和时间变化规律. 结果表明: 太白山北麓地区降水中, 除常量离子Na +、NH 4+、K +、Mg 2+、Ca 2+、F -、Cl -、SO 42-、NO 3-外, CO 32-、HCO 3-、PO 43-及低分子有机酸也占有相当比例. 研究区降水常量离子浓度的顺序依次为: NH 4+ > SO 42- > Ca 2+ > NO 3- > Na + > Cl - > Mg 2+ > K + > F -, 离子总浓度表现出明显的季节变化: 夏季(轻度污染) < 秋季(中等污染) < 春季(严重污染) < 冬季(极重污染). 利用因子分析法得出太白山北麓地区降水组分主要有三种来源; Na +、Cl -、Mg 2+、Ca 2+主要来自地壳源, SO 42-、NO 3-、NH 4+主要来自人为源, K +和F -主要由海盐源和人为源共同贡献. 根据Hysplit 后向气流轨迹分析, 得出不同路径气团降水离子组分不同: 受地形等因素影响, 北方路径的气团比南方路径气团离子总浓度较高; 受土壤类型影响, 西北方向气团降水Na +、Mg 2+、Ca 2+浓度较高; 受人为活动影响, 东北方向SO 42-、NO 3-、NH 4+浓度较高. 相似文献
17.
根据珠穆朗玛峰东侧东绒布冰川海拔6450 m处长度为80.36 m的冰芯1886个样品的δ 18O与主要离子浓度资料,研究了1844 AD以来珠穆朗玛峰地区大气环境在季节及年际尺度上的变化特征.结果表明:δ 18O与Na +、K +和Cl -相关不明显,与Ca 2+、Mg 2+、SO 42-、NO 3-和NH 4+具有较强的相关性.据相关分析及因子分析的结果,可以把8种主要离子分成5组来研究,它们主要表现为:海盐离子Na +可反映印度夏季风强弱变化;K +和Cl -在一定程度上可以反映印度等南亚地区生物质燃烧量的变化;陆源Ca 2+和Mg 2+离子表现为春季的峰值和夏季的低值,冬春季高浓度的Ca 2+和Mg 2+可能主要来自南亚的塔尔沙漠,以及西亚的干燥少雨的高原地区,或更遥远的北非撒哈拉沙漠,同时,青藏高原本身也可能是一个重要的沙尘源区;NO 3-和SO 42-离子浓度表现出高频的季节变化特征,存在春季的峰值和夏季的低值,20世纪70年代初期至90年代初期,NO 3-和SO 42-离子浓度一直维持在较高的水平;NH 4+浓度在20世纪40年代以来的大幅度上升可能是世界大战后,社会趋于稳定,南亚地区农业迅速发展而大量使用化学肥料的结果. 相似文献
18.
松山温泉位于北京市延庆县松山森林公园内,附近为燕山期花岗岩,岩体裂隙较发育。在该温泉附近施工的2个钻孔自流热水。温泉及其附近自流孔热水水温为32~42 ℃,主要阳离子为Na +、K +和Ca 2+,主要阴离子为SO 42-、HCO -3和Cl -,水化学类型为SO 4-Na型;热水矿化度为0.548~0.566 g/L,pH值为9.14~9.21,H 2SiO 3含量为87.1~97.1 mg/L,F -含量为19.0~20.8 mg/L。氢、氧同位素资料表明,研究区地下热水来源于大气降水;估算的补给高程为1 256~1 351 m,补给区温度为4.4~8.8 ℃,热水年龄为14.19~48.95 a,地下热储温度为114~119 ℃,热水循环深度为2 236~2 274 m。松山温泉为花岗岩中地下水在山区获得大气降水入渗补给后,在经历深循环过程中获得深部热流加热后上升在山坡上出露形成的温泉。 相似文献
19.
Evaluating the impact of allogenic water and sulfuric acid on karst carbon sink not only helps to improve the accurate calculation of soil CO 2 uptake by rock weathering, but also obtains a complete understanding of the global carbon cycle. Groundwater samples were collected from four karst subterranean rivers watershed within different lithology strata in Wushui Basin, upstream of Beijiang Basin, Hunan Province, for revealing the important impact of silicate weathering on hydrochemistry of groundwater. To estimate the contribution of soil CO 2 uptake by silicate weathering to CO 2 uptake by rock weathering, the Galy model was employed in this article. The important impact of sulfuric acid on CO 2 uptake by carbonate weathering resulting from the substitution of carbonic acid by protons from sulfuric acid was investigated. Our results showed that the concentration of Na +, K + and SiO 2 in L01,L02 subterranean river with silicate strata in watershed were higher than that in L03,L04 subterranean river without silicate strata in watershed, which implied that the contribution of silicate weathering to Na +,K + and SiO 2 was very important in watershed within silicate strata . The changeable equivalent ratio between (Ca 2++Mg 2+) and HCO 3- was 1.05 to 1.15, and the value of [Ca 2++Mg 2+]/[HCO 3-+SO 42-] was 0.99 to 1.08. The concentrations of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ exceeded the equivalent concentrations of HC 3-, and the excess of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+cations were compensated by SO 42-, which suggested that sulfuric acid has an important influence on carbonate dissolution. The contribution of soil CO 2uptake by silicate weathering to CO 2 consumption in L01 and L02 subterranean river were 3.36% and 2.22%, respectively, whereas the contribution in L03, L04 subterranean river were less than 0.50%, indicating that the contribution of soil CO 2 uptake by silicate weathering was important in the subterranean river basin within silicate strata. Due to the contributions made by sulfuric acid, the CO 2 consumption in four subterranean rivers decreased by 4.84%, 4.52%, 6.20%, 9.36%, respectively. 相似文献
20.
分析了近300a来古里雅冰芯δ 18O值和长江下游温度变化与太阳活动、火山活动的关系.结果表明,无论在年际尺度,还是在10a尺度上,西昆仑山的古里雅冰芯和中国东部的长江下游地区的温度与以太阳辐照和太阳黑子周期长度为代用指标的太阳活动有良好的相关关系.火山活动对古里雅、合肥冬温和杭州春温有明显的降温作用.1810’s—1830’s时段不仅合肥冬温和杭州春温发生了剧烈的变化,而且处于高亚洲中西部的古里雅冰芯δ 18O值也急剧下降,同时在北半球温度重建曲线上这一时段也是一个冷谷,表明该时段的气候变化可能具有全球性,而强烈的火山活动和微弱的太阳活动可能对温度的快速降低起触发作用。 相似文献
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