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针对夏热冬暖地区住宅空调的特点，结合广东省液化天然气一体化试点项目，对比不同形式户式中央空调额定工况一次能源利用率和全年平均一次能源利用率。结果表明：天然气应用于户式中央空调中，电制冷户式中央空调的能源利用效率比较高，尤以多联空调为最高。 相似文献
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一、地热:改变世界之能源在参观上海世博会时,细心的游客会发现,在世博轴近23万平方米的半开放式超大空间里根本就看不到任何降温装置,这阵阵凉风来自何处?原来,世博轴的空调系统与普通的中央空调不同,世博轴的空调系统是 相似文献
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2003年4月美国能源信息署对今后24年全球的能源供需形势进行了预测。 预测全球经济增长率为3.1％;2025年世界油价为26.57美元/桶。未来全世界的能源消费将稳步增长,到2025年世界一次能源需求将比2001年增长58.4％,年均增长1.9％。天然气将是一次能源消费构成中增长最快的能源,年均增长2.8％;石油需求将进一步增加,2020年和2025年世界石油消费量将 相似文献
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根据蓄冰中央空调的控制要求设计了一个基于西门子可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)的两级监控系统,现场工作站由PLC与触摸屏组成,作为现场监控及数据采集平台;管理工作站由工控计算机和打印机组成,作为主要的人机界面(HMI),除能打印数据及远程监控现场工作站外,还具有现场工作站的所有功能。实际运行结果表明,设计的监控系统能实时监视和控制蓄冰中央空调状态,有效地提高空调系统的制冷量及制冷效率。 相似文献
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潍北凹陷孔店组天然气成因类型及分布规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据天然气组分以及碳同位素和轻烃特征等资料,运用天然气成因理论并结合天然气成因类型判识图版和成藏条件,探讨了潍北凹陷孔店组天然气成因类型及分布规律。结果表明:潍北凹陷天然气CH4体积分数大,重烃体积分数小,非烃组分极少;南部斜坡带的疃4井天然气属生物气;灶户鼻状构造带南部产出的天然气为混有生物气的油型伴生气;灶户鼻状构造带中部地区属典型的油型伴生气;北部洼陷区的东部和南缘产出的天然气具有煤型气,并有油型气混入;以昌1井为代表的北部深洼陷区是煤型气发育的有利地区。总之,潍北凹陷天然气可以划分为生物气、混有生物气的油型伴生气、典型的油型伴生气、混有油型气的煤型气、典型的煤型气等5种成因类型;孔店组天然气类型多样、分布复杂,这些与该区的烃源岩类型、成熟度等因素有关。 相似文献
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今年3月以来，浚县国土资源局采取有效措施，在全县强力推进对废弃矿石堆筛选翻捡，提高矿石利用率活动。各采矿户积极响应，并掀起废弃矿石堆中“淘金”热。据不完全统计，目前，该县已有12家采矿户回选矿石8500立方米，收入近4万元。全县呈现出杜绝采富弃贫、提高开采利用率的新气象。 相似文献
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从宏观上看,天然气在运载层中的运移是加速运移过程;从微观上看,天然气运移属于脉冲式运移过程.脉冲式运移的形成机理:一是由气水密度差造成的气柱高剩余压力间歇式突破运移阻力引起的;二是由间歇式构造变动所造成的断层或裂缝形成运移通道引起的.根据天然气加速运移与脉冲式运移形成机理,提出天然气在运载层中运移与聚集的全过程表现为加... 相似文献
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一、现阶段我国自然资源特点
我国自然资源及其利用的基本特征是资源总量丰富但人均少．资源利用率低且浪费严重。我国以占世界9％的耕地、6％的水资源、4％的森林、1．8％的石油、0．7％的天然气、不足9％的铁矿石、不足5％的铜矿和不足2％的铝土矿,养活着占世界22％的人口。大多数矿产资源人均占有量不到世界平均水平的1／2,我国占有的煤、油、天然气人均资源只及世界人均水平的55％、11％和4％。 相似文献
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从直流型变频空调器的特点及控制要求出发,提出了模糊控制系统的结构,讨论了直流变频空调器的模糊控制算法.对控制器的性能(主要是鲁棒性)进行了详细的分析,对所采用的模糊控制算法在Matlab平台下进行了仿真,作为比较同时给出了其他常用算法的仿真结果. 相似文献
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Fei Lun Josep G. Canadell Zhong-qi Xu Lu He Zheng Yuan Dan Zhang Wen-hua Li Mou-cheng Liu 《山地科学学报》2014,11(3):792-804
Rural energy consumption in China has increased dramatically in the last decades, and has become a significant contributor of carbon emissions. Yet there is limited data on energy consumption patterns and their evolution in forest rural areas of China. In order to bridge this gap, we report the findings of field surveys in forest villages in Weichang County as a case study of rural energy consumption in northern China. We found that the residential energy consumption per household is 3313 kgce yr-1(kilogram standard coal equivalent per year), with energy content of 9.7 × 107 kJ yr-1, including 1783 kgce yr-1 from coal, 1386 kgce yr-1 from fuel wood, 96 kgce yr-1 from electricity, and 49 kgce yr-1 from LPG. Per capita consumption is 909 kgce yr-1 and its energy content is 2.7 × 107 kJ yr-1. Due to a total energy utilization efficiency of 24.6%, all the consumed energy can only supply about 2.4 × 107 kJ yr-1 of efficient energy content. Secondly, household energy consumption is partitioned into 2614 kgce yr-1 for heating, 616 kgce yr-1 for cooking, and 117 kgce yr-1 for home appliances. Thirdly, the associated carbon emissions per household are 2556 kgC yr-1, including1022 kgC yr-1 from unutilized fuel wood(90% of the total fuel wood). The rest of emissions come from the use of electricity(212 kgC yr-1), coal(1301 kgC yr-1) and LPG(21 kgC yr-1). Fourthly, local climate, family size and household income have strong influences on rural residential energy consumption. Changes in storage and utilization practices of fuel can lead to the 10%-30% increase in the efficiency of fuel wood use, leading to reduced energy consumption by 924 kgce yr-1 per household(27.9% reduction) and 901 kgC yr-1 of carbon emissions(35.3% reduction). 相似文献
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Establishment of rural housing land standard in China 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
On the basis of rural household survey in 12 provinces of China in 2005,this research built an econometrical model to find the area standard for rural housing land.This standard is expected to facilitate rural housing land administration,efficient and intensive housing land use and policy making.This research concludes:1) according to the household survey data,the average area for rural housing land in China is about 235.26 m 2,and the rural housing land mainly includes unused land(42.89%) and house construction land(37.76%) with the average floor-area ratio of 0.42;2) the indexes in the standard concern the factors such as location,landform,house form,household population and cultivated land area per farmer,which all have significant effects on rural housing land use;3) the reasonable area for rural housing land may be 150 m 2 in average before 2020,and the referential standards in different provinces are 120 m 2,130 m 2,140m 2,150 m 2,160 m 2,170 m 2,190 m 2,200 m 2,210 m 2,220 m 2,230 m 2 and 250 m 2 respectively;and 4) if there are less than two persons or more than five persons in a family,these standards need to be decreased or increased by 7%.When the cultivated land area per farmer is lower than the provincial average,the standards have to reduce by 3.5%. 相似文献
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China is a mountainous country,and Southwest mountain areas cover the most mountain areas in China and have the most serious problems.Taking Zhaotong city as the study area,based on 902 rural household questionnaires of 11 villages in 2 counties and Tobit model,this paper analyzes the geographical differences and influencing factors of energy consumption for non-production purposes of rural households living in different terrain conditions.This research finds that:(1) Coal takes up the main part of energy consumption in valley areas and coal consumption is mainly affected by per capita cultivated land area,household income,proportion of rural household energy expenditure in total expenditure,coal price,and family population size.Firewood takes up the main part of energy consumption in high mountain areas and firewood consumption is mainly affected by per capita firewood forest area,distance to purchase coal,household income,electricity price,and coal price.(2) Only when the distance is greater than 20 kilometers,that is the average distance of rural households living in middle mountain areas(1,600m~1,800m) to purchase coal,the transportation condition has a significant impact on coal consumption.(3) In high mountain areas,prices of coal and electricity are the main factors influencing energy consumption choice of rural households.Too high prices of coal and electricity would to some extent lead rural households to choose firewood as the main energy consumption type.Compared to coal,rural households prefer to choose electricity. 相似文献
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Influences of labor migration on rural household land transfer: A case study of Sichuan Province,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The influence of labor migration on rural household land transfer has been hotly debated in academic circles, which focuses on whether part-time employment leads to land transfer. Using survey data on rural households in the Sichuan Province, and applying the theoretical framework of new economics of labor migration, this study explores the influences of labor migration on the direction and scale of land transfer from the perspective of rural household structure. The results indicate that: 1) the quantity of laborers has significant influence on the direction and scale of land transfer. The larger the on-farm labor variable (Labor), the lesser the possibility that land will be rented-out and the amount of land rented out will also be smaller. In addition, there is a greater probability that land will be rented-in and the amount of land rented-in will be greater. 2) The greater the ratio of off-farm laborers to rural household laborers (Off-farm) the greater the possibility that land will be rented-out. In addition the higher the ratio of on-farm laborers to the total household laborers (On-farm), the larger the possibility that land will be rented-in. Meanwhile, if the household has individuals at the age of 64 or older (Old) who are engaged in agriculture, there is a smaller possibility that land will be rented-out. 3) the ratio of part-time laborers to rural household laborers (Pluriactivity) have significant inverse U-shaped influences on the rent-in of land as well as the amount of land rented-in. The inflection points are 33.27% and 14.10%, respectively. Such findings confirm the significance of this study in better understanding the influence of labor migration on rural household land transfer. 相似文献
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为给地源热泵系统管理和维护、浅层地热能开发利用工程节能减排效果评价及浅层地热能开发利用的推广提供依据,以山东省东昌府区妇幼保健院嘉明分院为例,利用监测的地源热泵系统能效监测系统,对地源热泵系统低负荷运行状态下能效进行了分析,对效益潜力进行了评价。该套系统机组、系统名义能效均达到了1级标准,根据其2022年制冷季能效监测,该套系统机组、系统制冷能效比与系统负荷存在正相关关系,由于建筑物室内用户侧使用率较低,系统负荷不高,实际的机组和系统制冷能效比较低,系统实际使用效益不佳。按照典型年采用温频法计算了系统的制冷季效益潜力,即制冷季常规能源代替量94403kgce,热源价值84971元,节能的热源价值制冷季一次能源节能率40.90%,供冷期二氧化碳减排量233175kg,二氧化硫减排量1888kg,粉尘减排量944kg。 相似文献
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JIANG Guoliang LIU Yun DING Mingyu KONG XiuqinCollege of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao P. R. China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2003,2(2):230-232
Oyster shell soil conditioner had significant influence on soil and rhizospheric microorganisms in their biomass, respiratory intensity and nutritional requirement. It could stimulate growth of soil and rhizospheric microorganisms, especially nitrogen-fixers, and intensify soil respiration in proportion to the dose and fertilizing time of the conditioner, leading to the increase in the number of nitrogen fixing bacteria and the decrease in the number of bacteria with special nutrition demands. 相似文献
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ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND SCENARIOS OF URBANIZATION IN ARID AREA——A Case Study in Wuwei City of Gansu Province 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
YOUFei LIYu DONGSuo-cheng 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(2):120-130
1IN T R O D U C T IO N The western China isfacinggrowing problems of eco- logicaland economic development. The disparitiebse- tween the socio-economy of the western and eastern China were enlarging, and the major ecologicalprob- lems stilelvolve as past(H… 相似文献
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收集、整理淮北台数字化SS-Y型伸缩仪观测资料,根据SS-Y型伸缩仪工作原理,分析气压因素对其观测资料的影响。结果表明,气压变化对观测数据有明显的干扰,且二者呈正相关关系。最后通过量化分析,建立淮北台SS-Y型伸缩仪观测值的气压改正数学解析式,能够对该气压效应进行有效改正。 相似文献