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1.
木文分析新疆‘水’旱年度前冬11月至当年6月间北半球中高纬度500毫巴月平均环流波型及逐日超长波的演变特征。在新疆冬春干旱少雨(雪)月份,500毫巴中高纬度环流波型与北疆气候上降水量最少的元月份的平均波型相似,即半球内盛行大西洋东部,西西伯利亚和东北太平洋三个波脊。而多雨(雪)月份,往往相似于北疆气候上相对多雨的11月和5月份的平均波型,半球内盛行欧洲(偏西或偏东)和美洲西岸两个波脊。这种平均槽脊主要是各超长波的稳定及其演变的综合结果。造成新疆季节性‘水’旱异常的长期天气过程,分别表现在欧洲(对应多雨)和乌拉尔—西西伯利亚(对应少雨)两地区,有数次(通常为2～4次)准静止的超长波脊接连替换的过程,造成亚欧环流长时期的相对稳定。 在研究上述准静止超长波脊替换过程的演变时,我们又注意到500毫巴极地高压的活动情况,发现上述欧亚准静止超长波建立和替换的过程,大致可归纳为“北太平洋高压分裂单体西退并入型”、“大西洋高压分裂单体东移并入型”和“上游效应型”三种基本类型。并且提出,前两类基本过程,可能是欧亚准静止超长波脊建立或替换,亦即异常环流长期稳定的一种天气学判据。 相似文献
2.
新疆维吾尔自治区气象局气象台 《大气科学》1978,2(1):28-37
木文分析新疆‘水’旱年度前冬11月至当年6月间北半球中高纬度500毫巴月平均环流波型及逐日超长波的演变特征。在新疆冬春干旱少雨(雪)月份,500毫巴中高纬度环流波型与北疆气候上降水量最少的元月份的平均波型相似,即半球内盛行大西洋东部,西西伯利亚和东北太平洋三个波脊。而多雨(雪)月份,往往相似于北疆气候上相对多雨的11月和5月份的平均波型,半球内盛行欧洲(偏西或偏东)和美洲西岸两个波脊。这种平均槽脊主要是各超长波的稳定及其演变的综合结果。造成新疆季节性‘水’旱异常的长期天气过程,分别表现在欧洲(对应多雨)和乌拉尔—西西伯利亚(对应少雨)两地区,有数次(通常为2～4次)准静止的超长波脊接连替换的过程,造成亚欧环流长时期的相对稳定。 在研究上述准静止超长波脊替换过程的演变时,我们又注意到500毫巴极地高压的活动情况,发现上述欧亚准静止超长波建立和替换的过程,大致可归纳为“北太平洋高压分裂单体西退并入型”、“大西洋高压分裂单体东移并入型”和“上游效应型”三种基本类型。并且提出,前两类基本过程,可能是欧亚准静止超长波脊建立或替换,亦即异常环流长期稳定的一种天气学判据。 相似文献
3.
2017年夏季（2017年6—8月）,全国平均降水量348.6 mm,较常年同期（322.6 mm）偏多8.1%,呈现南、北两条多雨带。东亚夏季风偏弱,西太平洋副热带高压显著偏强,脊线位置偏南;欧亚中高纬呈现“两槽一脊”环流型,贝加尔湖地区为正距平控制。赤道中东太平洋海温从前冬冷水向春、夏季暖水发展,20世纪80年代以来容易出现南方多雨的Ⅳ类雨型,夏季贝加尔湖阻塞高压发展。2017年赤道中东太平洋海温从前冬冷水向春、夏季暖水发展,春季北大西洋三极子正位相和2016年欧亚积雪从秋到冬的减少,均有利于夏季贝加尔湖阻塞高压发展,这是夏季主要多雨带位于长江以南的重要前兆信号。 相似文献
4.
2017年夏季(2017年6—8月),全国平均降水量348.6mm,较常年同期(322.6mm)偏多8.1%,呈现南、北两条多雨带。东亚夏季风偏弱,西太平洋副热带高压显著偏强,脊线位置偏南;欧亚中高纬呈现"两槽一脊"环流型,贝加尔湖地区为正距平控制。赤道中东太平洋海温从前冬冷水向春、夏季暖水发展,20世纪80年代以来容易出现南方多雨的Ⅳ类雨型,夏季贝加尔湖阻塞高压发展。2017年赤道中东太平洋海温从前冬冷水向春、夏季暖水发展,春季北大西洋三极子正位相和2016年欧亚积雪从秋到冬的减少,均有利于夏季贝加尔湖阻塞高压发展,这是夏季主要多雨带位于长江以南的重要前兆信号。 相似文献
5.
亚洲东部的阻塞形势及其对天气气候的影响 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
本文对东亚(100°E以东)地区1951—1956年的阻塞形势进行了分析.结果得出:东亚的阻塞形势六、七月出现得最多,位置多集中在沿海的大陆上,维持的时间多为七天.在阻塞形势下降水区分为三带:一在阻塞高压西侧一在其南面,另一带在副热带高压北缘.温度距平基本上与雨量距平相反. 相似文献
6.
利用1961—2015年华北地区54个国家级气象观测站夏季8月逐日降水资料和2000—2015年欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)再分析数据,研究了华北地区8月极端干旱的异常环流型及原因。结果表明:华北地区极端干旱事件以年际变化为主,2000—2015年华北地区极端干旱年在中高纬500 hPa高度距平场上存在“-、+、-、+”的异常波列结构,乌拉尔山西部地区上空存在较强的反气旋性距平使得暖脊加强向北收缩,同时贝加尔湖上空存在较强的反气旋性距平使得此处的高空脊强度异常加强,影响范围加大,这种异常环流形势导致高空脊前干冷西北气流输送到华北地区。欧洲西部地区是北半球中高纬波作用通量的关键区,该地区地表2 m温度呈明显增加趋势,同时该关键区对应的500 hPa垂直波作用通量TNZ也呈现明显增加趋势。由于异常热力强迫作用激发出EU波列,低层能量向上传输,高层能量向外频散影响下游乌拉尔山西部地区暖脊加强,造成中高纬环流异常,导致华北地区极端干旱事件频发。 相似文献
7.
中国大范围持续性低温事件与中国南方降水异常 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文利用1951~2009年的数据资料,探讨了与冬季大范围持续性低温事件对应的中国南方降水多寡的原因以及不同降水类型事件的不同前兆信号。主要结果如下:(1)欧亚大陆中高纬大型斜脊斜槽是中国大范围持续性低温事件的关键环流特征。降水偏多型和偏少型低温事件的中高纬环流系统存在显著差异:当大型斜脊的纬向尺度较大且其正高度距平中心偏强时,斜槽的负距平中心靠近东亚大槽区,西伯利亚高压大范围加强,南侵冷空气活动偏强,使中国南方地区降水偏少。相反,当大型斜脊的纬向尺度相对小时,斜槽位置偏西,西伯利亚高压加强范围偏小,南侵冷空气活动也偏弱,有利于中国南方地区降水偏多。(2)在低温事件中我国南方地区的降水多寡,也取决于西太副高和孟加拉湾南支槽。当西太副高和孟加拉湾南支槽加强时,来自西太平洋、南海和孟加拉湾的三支暖湿气流到达我国南方地区,导致南方降水偏多,反之亦然。(3)不同降水类型低温事件的前兆环流信号(之前1~3侯)显著不同。降水偏多型低温事件前期,源自北大西洋地区的波列向东亚地区传播。降水偏少型事件前期,极涡在欧亚大陆一侧的次极区显著减弱,同时极涡呈两极型,一极伸向南欧及地中海地区,另一极伸向阿留申群岛。在中期—延伸期时间尺度上,这一结果可为持续性低温事件降水形势的预测提供依据。 相似文献
8.
分析多雨的１９９６年秋季５００ｈＰａ环流形势发现，乌拉尔山或东欧的阻塞高压及南欧的高压脊，孟加拉湾及印缅低槽，随季节南撤的副高强度及脊线相应稳定位置，是造成秋季多雨的决定因素；并对照其它秋季多雨年和少雨年的环流形势及利用遥相关关系，确定了秋季多雨的长期预报指标。 相似文献
9.
2008年1月河南低温雨雪天气的中期环流特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,对2008年1月中下旬河南省出现的低温雨雪天气的特征、大尺度环流形势以及高低层大气的状态进行分析.结果表明: 2008年1月西太平洋副热带高压异常偏强偏北,有利于西南暖湿气流沿副高边缘向北输送,影响河南;东亚地区500 hPa高度距平东西部差距显著,标志着亚洲中纬度地区槽脊加强,环流经向度加大;东亚有较强冷空气活动,东亚从36候850 hPa明显的经向风负距平,也反映该时段冷空气活动较强.分析结果还显示,河南省冬季的持续低温雨雪天气与乌拉尔山阻塞高压的建立和维持有紧密联系:从乌拉尔山阻高的建立、维持到河南省低温雨雪天气的开始,从乌拉尔山阻高的崩溃到河南省雨雪天气的结束,中间的时间间隔约为510天.因此,乌拉尔山阻高的建立、维持和崩溃,对河南省低温雨雪天气的开始和结束有一定的指示意义. 相似文献
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11.
1998年夏季东北亚阻塞高压异常的大尺度环流特征及成因初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析了1998年夏季东北阻塞高压异常及大尺度环流特征，研究了1979－1998年夏季东北阻塞高压年际变化，环流背景特征以及东北亚阻塞高压异常的太平洋海温异常的关系，认为夏季东北亚500hPa平均高度偏高（低），东亚地区“＋－＋”（“－＋－”）的距平波列，是典型的东北亚阻塞高压强盛（稀少）的环流型，太平洋海温的异常，激发东焉地区的遥相关波列，致使东北亚500hPa高度场异常，可能是东北亚阻塞主压异常的原因之一，在亚少中高续高度场平均偏高的环流背景下，乌拉尔册地区的阻塞高压对东北亚阻塞高压的发展和建立起到了促进作用，1998年乌拉尔山阻塞高频繁也是东北亚阻塞高压异常频繁的可能原因之一。 相似文献
12.
地气图预测全国月降水的实践总结 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3
根据地热涡的移动规律和地热释放的持续性,我们设计了两种月降水的预测方法:(1)外推法,依据过去2~3个月地热涡和多雨区的移向、移速,外推下个月多雨区的位置;(2)"正多负少"规则,利用地热释放的持续性,对3.2 m地温月际变温为正的地区,预测下月多雨,月际变温为负的地区预测下月少雨("正多负少"规则)。此规则的历史拟合率约为65%。指出了5种不符合"正多负少"规则的情形及其可能原因。利用上述2种方法,从2005年9月开始进行全国降水预测试验,按全国统一评分方法,2年多来平均得分为67.5分,2007年12个月的平均得到70.5分。 相似文献
13.
The study examined effects of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) off the east coast of Japan on the blocking high over the Okhotsk Sea in June by diagnostic analysis and numerical simulation. Firstly, based on 500-hPa geopotential height fields, the Okhotsk high index (OKHI) for June from 1951 to 2000 is calculated and analyzed. The result indicates that the OKHI has obvious inter-annual and inter-decadal variations, and there are 9 yr of high OKHI and 8 yr of low OKHI in 50 yr. Secondly, by using the OKHI, the relationship between the Okhotsk high and the 500-hPa geopotential height anomaly is investigated. The results indicate that the "+-+" pattern of geopotential height anomaly crossing Eurasia in the mid-high latitudes and the "+-" pattern of geopotential height anomaly from high to low latitudes over East Asia are in favor of the formation and maintenance of the Okhotsk high. The relationship between the OKHI and the SSTA over the North Pacific is investigated in early summer by using correlation and composite analysis. We found that when the blocking circulation over the Okhotsk Sea occurs, there is an obvious negative SSTA off the east coast of Japan in early summer. We simulated the effects of the negative SSTA of east coast of Japan on the atmospheric circulation anomaly over East Asia through the control and sensitivity experiments using NCAR CAM3 model in order to confirm our analysis results. The simulation shows that the negative SSTA off the east coast of Japan results in the significant positive 40 gpm 500-hPa geopotential height anomaly over the Okhotsk Sea and the negative anomalies off the east coast of Japan which might contribute to the formation and development of the Okhotsk high in June. 相似文献
14.
Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Spring Precipitation Days in Eastern Northwest China and Their Responses to the Intensity of Surface Heat-Field in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 
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下载免费PDF全文 With spring precipitation-day data at 104 meteorological observation stations in eastern Northwest China from 1960 to 2000, and by EOF and REOF analysis, the spatio-temporal characteristics of precipitation-day anomalies in the eastern part of Northwest China in spring were studied. The results show that two centers of high-precipitation days lie in the southeast side of Qilian Mountains and northern Sichuan, respectively. And there are two kinds of spatial anomaly distributions, which are the consistent anomaly and east-west reverse anomaly, the former increases and the latter decreases gradually. In addition, this region can be divided into seven climate sections and in the Tibetan Plateau, precipitation days have a tendency of increasing,but in other places decreasing. When the intensity of surface heat-field changes more strongly during winter in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the rain days, in the next spring, along the Qilian Mountains, centre of Gansu Province, and the northeastern Longdong, are obviously more than that of normal years, and the rainy centre is mainly located at the mid-western of Qilian Mountains and the centre of Gansu Province. 相似文献
15.
夏季乌拉尔长阻塞过程及其与热带热力异常关系个例分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2010和1998年均为长江洪涝年,这两年大气环流的一个共同特征是乌拉尔阻塞的频繁发生和异常维持。利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析的大气环流资料和向上射出长波辐射资料,对比分析了2010和1998年夏季乌拉尔地区环流持续异常的特征、大尺度环流形势、热带加热背景及其可能影响。结果显示:(1)2010年夏季乌拉尔发生了一次持续正异常过程,该过程是自1948年以来持续时间第二长(共37天)的,其最大异常中心在乌拉尔略偏西,持续时间比1998年的那次过程长(1998年的那次过程持续时间为22天);(2)异常过程期间存在行星波活动异常,2010年的过程行星波活动以2、4波的贡献为主,而1998年为1、2波的贡献为主;(3)异常过程期间,热带对流活动存在显著差异。这可能是它们行星波活动不同的原因;(4)两次异常过程期间,一个共同特点是在苏门答腊西侧的热带印度洋区域存在明显的对流增强。该区域强对流可能激发了类似东亚—太平洋遥相关型的波列向中高纬传播,从而调制行星波活动,再影响乌拉尔位势高度异常的形成和持续维持。 相似文献
16.
2007年7月广东大范围持续高温诊断分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
在分析1967～2007年广东7月高温日数气候特征及其异常年份同期大气环流、夏季风以及经向环流等因子特征的气候背景下,探讨了2007年7月广东大范围持续高温的原因.结果表明,2007年7月广东大范围高温的大气环流具有典型高温日数异常多年的环流特征,东亚阻高偏强,副热带锋区偏南,抑制副热带高压北抬,使得华南受其控制,以下沉气流为主,从而导致高温日数出现正异常.城市化效应对夏季高温的影响已逐步加大,且近十几年来城市化进程明显加快,其影响已不容忽视. 相似文献
17.
In this paper the optimal precursors for wintertime Eurasian blocking onset are acquired by solving a nonlinear optimization problem whose objective function is constructed based on a blocking index with a triangular T21,three-level,quasi-geostrophic global spectral model.The winter climatological state is chosen as the reference basic state.Numerical results show that the optimal precursors are characterized by a baroclinic pattern with a westward tilt with height,which are mainly located upstream of the blocking region.For an optimization time of 5 days,these perturbations are mainly localized over the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and continental Europe.With the extension of the optimization time to 8 days,these perturbations are distributed more upstream and extensively in the zonal direction.Wave spectrum analysis reveals that the optimal precursors are composed of not only synoptic-scale(wave numbers 5-18) waves,but planetary-scale(wave numbers 0-4) waves as well.The synoptic-scale optimal precursors are mainly located in the mid-latitude area,while the planetary-scale optimal precursors focus primarily on the highlatitude region.The formation of a strong planetary-scale positive blocking anomaly is accompanied by the reinforcement of synoptic-scale perturbations and further fragmentation into two branches,in which the northern branch is generally stronger than the southern one.The eddy forcing arising from the selfinteraction of synoptic-scale disturbances is shown to be crucial in triggering the dipole blocking anomaly,and the planetary-scale optimal precursor provides the initial favorable background conditions for blocking onset. 相似文献
18.
Impact of Planetary Wave Reflection on Tropospheric Blocking over the Urals–Siberia Region in January 2008 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Planetary wave reflection from the stratosphere played a significant role in changing the tropospheric circulation pattern over Eurasia in mid-January 2008. We studied the 2008 event and compared with composite analysis(winters of 2002/2003,2004/2005, 2006/2007, 2007/2008, 2010/2011 and 2011/2012), when the downward coupling was stronger, by employing time-lagged singular value decomposition analysis on the geopotential height field. In the Northern Hemisphere, the geopotential fields were decomposed into zonal mean and wave components to compare the relative covariance patterns. It was found that the wavenumber 1(WN1) component was dominant compared with the wavenumber 2(WN2) component and zonal mean process. For the WN1 field, the covariance was much higher(lower) for the negative(positive) lag, with a prominent peak around +15 days when the leading stratosphere coupled strongly with the troposphere. It contributed to the downward coupling due to reflection, when the stratosphere exhibited a partially reflective background state. We also analyzed the evolution of the WN1 anomaly and heat flux anomaly, both in the troposphere and stratosphere, during January–March 2008. The amplitude of the tropospheric WN1 pattern reached a maximum and was consistent with a downward wave coupling event influenced by the stratospheric WN1 anomaly at 10 h Pa. This was consistent with the reflection of the WN1 component over Eurasia, which triggered an anomalous blocking high in the Urals–Siberia region. We further clarified the impact of reflection on the tropospheric WN1 field and hence the tropospheric circulation pattern by changing the propagation direction during and after the event. 相似文献
19.
Through an agglomerative hierarchical clustering method, cold surges over East Asia are classified into two distinct types based on the spatial pattern of the geopotential height anomalies at 300 hPa. One is the wave-train type that is associated with developing large-scale waves across the Eurasian continent. The other is the blocking type whose occurrence accompanies subarctic blocking. During the wave-train cold surge, growing baroclinic waves induce a southeastward expansion of the Siberian High and strong northerly winds over East Asia. Blocking cold surge, on the other hand, is associated with a southward expansion of the Siberian High and northeasterly winds inherent to a height dipole consisting of the subarctic blocking and the East Asian coastal trough. The blocking cold surge tends to be more intense and last longer compared to the wave-train type. The wave-train cold surge is associated with the formation of a negative upper tropospheric height anomaly southeast of Greenland approximately 12 days before the surge occurrence. Further analysis of isentropic potential vorticity reveals that this height anomaly could originate from the lower stratosphere over the North Atlantic. Cold surge of the blocking type occurs with an amplifying positive geopotential and a negative potential vorticity anomaly over the Arctic and the northern Eurasia in stratosphere. These anomalies resemble the stratospheric signature of a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation. This stratospheric feature is further demonstrated by the observation that the blocking type cold surge occurs more often when the Arctic Oscillation is in its negative phase. 相似文献
20.
By using ERA-Interim data, the temperature anomaly of the freezing rain and snowstorm event that occurred from 11 to 22 January 2008 in southern China was analyzed. During this period, diabatic heating and temperature advection caused the temperature to increase anomalously over the Tibetan Plateau. The anomalously high temperature moving from the Tibetan Plateau to southern China played several roles. First, the upper-level subtropical jet over China was split into two parts in the north–south direction, which affected the development of freezing rain in southern China; second, a ridge formed because of the warmer air moving to China, which hindered the transport of cold air from its upstream blocking high, forced the cold air to gather behind the ridge, and facilitated the severe cold air outbreak in the later period of the event; third, an inversion layer formed because of the lower-level cold air and upper-level warmer air over southern China, which was conducive to the development of the event over southern China; and finally, because of the temperature anomaly, opposite wind directions appeared at the lower levels (below 700 hPa), which helped transport of warm-moist and cold-dry air to the event area. 相似文献