共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 205 毫秒
1.
成都平原区水稻土成土剖面Cd形态分布特征及影响因素研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
成土过程中不同形态镉(Cd)迁移转化的影响因素研究对于了解Cd的地球化学行为具有非常重要的意义。以四川省成都平原区农田生态系统水稻土剖面中不同形态Cd分布特征为例,探讨成土过程中不同形态Cd的迁移转化影响因素及其生态危害性。结果表明:总量Cd、离子交换态Cd和碳酸盐Cd均表现出表层富集,深层含量稳定的特征;岷江流域和沱江流域水稻土Cd含量的背景值分别为0.147,0.215mg·kg-1。外源输入耕层土壤中Cd主要为活动态,其增加量占Cd总量增加量的60.71%~90.52%,向下垂向迁移能力非常弱。成土过程随着土壤中Cd总量增加,稳定态Cd含量显著增加,而活动态Cd含量明显降低。土壤的pH值主要对碳酸盐态Cd含量有影响,pH值越大,其含量越高;随着土壤成熟度增高,粉粒和粘粒含量增加的同时,残渣态Cd含量显著降低,而有机结合态Cd含量显著增高。耕层土壤中Cd的生物有效性系数高达0.59~0.65,已经严重地影响到农作物安全。 相似文献
2.
福州市土壤硒形态分析及其迁移富集规律 总被引：12，自引：5，他引：7
通过对福州市土壤和岩石中Se形态的分析研究结果表明,表层土壤中强有机态Se、腐殖酸结合态Se约占全量的57.44%,残渣态Se占28.77%,残渣态Se是土壤Se的重要储备库源,三者均与表层土壤Se全量呈极显著的线性正相关关系。表层土壤Se含量随土壤酸性的加强而增加,随有机质含量加大而增加的幅度较小;深层土壤Se受pH值的影响不明显,但受有机质含量的影响很大,两者线性回归关系达到极显著水平;不同岩石类型对土壤含Se量没有明显的影响规律,各介质中Se含量表层土壤>深层土壤>岩石,并且差幅巨大。这些研究结果揭示了在岩石风化、土壤发育(熟化)过程中有机质和黏土矿物吸附Se,致使Se较其他元素流失比例少,从而造成从深部到表层土壤Se相对富集的结果。同时,提出了利用全量来推导Se形态值的方法,建立了土壤Se全量与形态间的关系模型以及决定土壤有效态Se的公式,建议在评价土壤Se时只要考虑有机结合态Se、残渣态Se、离子交换态Se和全量Se。 相似文献
3.
本研究以贵州西北部典型喀斯特地质高背景区土壤剖面为对象，探讨了土壤镉(Cd)含量与形态的纵向分布特征、Cd迁移转化过程及关键影响因素。结果表明，下伏高Cd碳酸盐岩风化成土作用是剖面土壤Cd富集的重要原因，在土壤形成初期，土壤pH较高，地质源Cd淋失较少，土壤Cd含量高；随着土壤发育程度加深，地质源Cd逐渐淋失，Cd含量降低。此外，区域人为源输入可能影响表层土壤Cd的富集。土壤地质源Cd主要以残余态存在，其次为铁锰氧化物结合态，可交换态的占比较低，Cd活性较低。剖面中下层(>60 cm)土壤Cd的赋存形态变化较小，剖面上层(<60 cm)土壤可交换态Cd的占比随土壤深度的降低而逐渐增大，地质源Cd被活化。本研究结果可为理解喀斯特地质高背景区土壤Cd的地球化学行为提供科学参考。 相似文献
4.
《现代地质》2020,(5)
基于云南省盈江县旧城—姐冒地区4 706件土壤表层样品和9条土壤垂向剖面,开展土壤Pb地球化学特征研究,并结合"全国第二次土地调查"图斑进行土壤Pb引发人体健康风险评价。结果表明:研究区表层土壤Pb平均含量为43.40 mg/kg,其背景值是全国土壤A层平均值的1.55倍,样品超标率为3.10%;表层土壤Pb元素空间分异明显,分布特征受成土母质和人为活动等因素共同影响;残坡积土壤剖面中Pb含量较多继承了成土母质的物质组成,表现出由表层向深层轻微富集的特征,不同成土母质发育的土壤中Pb含量特征整体表现为:花岗岩板岩片麻岩、变粒岩碎屑岩;第四系冲积土壤剖面中叠加有明显的人为活动影响,Pb含量表现出由深层向表层富集的特征;研究区土壤Pb引发人体健康风险的可能性整体较小,在目前的土地利用和耕作方式下,基本可以得到安全利用。 相似文献
5.
硫铁矿冶炼区不同土地利用方式及土壤类型对重金属迁移的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探讨硫铁矿冶炼区不同土地利用方式和土壤类型对重金属元素迁移的影响,采集了毕节市林口废弃硫铁矿冶炼厂内耕地砂壤土及附近林地石灰土表层和深层样共40组。室内测试土壤理化指标Pb、Zn、Cd全量和有效态含量,并对重金属元素含量的水平和垂直分布特征及重金属元素含量的相关性进行了讨论。结果表明:土壤中Pb和Zn的含量均符合土壤环境质量二级标准值,耕地表层土壤Cd含量是贵州省农业土壤背景值的7倍。土壤Cd有效态含量占全量的比值最大,而Pb和Zn有效态含量占全量的比值差别较小。耕地砂壤土Zn和Cd的全量随剖面深度的增加表现为先增大后减小,Pb呈减少的趋势;Pb和Zn的有效态含量随剖面深度的增加而减少,Cd有效态含量呈波动变化。林地石灰土中Pb、Zn、Cd的全量和有效态含量均随剖面深度的增加而减少,且Pb、Zn、Cd全量之间及全量与有效态含量之间都具有显著的正相关关系,而在耕地中各元素的相关性不明显。土壤频繁的扰动和偏酸性的环境有利于重金属垂向迁移。 相似文献
6.
云南沘江流域农田土壤重金属Pb、Zn、Cd、As的地球化学特征 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以流经中国铅锌矿储量最大的兰坪金顶铅锌矿区的澜沧江支流——沘江周围农田土壤为研究对象,通过实地调查采样、室内实验测定和统计分析等方法,测定分析了土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd、As的含量及其化学形态分布,以探讨矿产开发对农田土壤重金属含量的影响。结果表明:(1)沘江流域农田土壤中的重金属蓄积量大,以国家《土壤环境质量标准》(Ⅱ级)衡量,Pb、Zn、Cd、As含量超标率分别为66.667%、91.667%、100%、16.667%,污染程度为Cd﹥Zn﹥Pb﹥As;(2)土壤中Pb和Cd的化学形态均以水溶态为主,活性大,迁移能力强,水溶态元素能够直接进入生态链,通过植物吸收进入食物链将给人类健康造成一定的威胁。而Zn和As化学形态分别以铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态为主,这两种形态在一般环境条件下较稳定,迁移能力弱;Pb和Cd的环境有效态(水溶态、离子交换态、碳酸盐结合态、腐殖酸结合态之和)含量较高,如果发生酸雨或酸性矿山废水的排出,它们的环境有效态会大量增加,对流域具有潜在的危害;(3)土壤中Pb、Zn、Cd、As含量分布和化学形态分布,整体上均为随着与矿区的距离增大而降低的趋势,分布曲线分为单峰状、双峰状两类。另外,Cd、Pb、Zn的化学形态分布与总量分布趋势基本一致,As的腐殖酸结合态、残渣态与总量分布一致。 相似文献
7.
以广东省揭阳市土壤为研究对象,采集了表层土壤(0~20 cm)样1 330个和深层土壤(>150 cm)样331个,测定了土壤Pb含量。利用GIS空间分析技术、半变异函数拟合和方差分析等方法研究土壤Pb含量的空间结构、特征和影响因素。结果显示: 揭阳市不存在明显的土壤Pb污染,表层土壤Pb含量平均值39.26 mg/kg,低于揭阳市土壤Pb背景值(43.71 mg/kg),略高于广东省土壤Pb背景值(36.00 mg/kg);富集因子表明研究区表层土壤Pb富集程度主要为无富集和轻微富集,分别占52.11%和42.63%,Pb富集不明显;研究区表层土壤Pb空间分布呈中等自相关性;表层土壤Pb高值区主要分布在人类活动影响强烈的东部和南部地区。按土地利用、成土母质、土壤类型及其理化性质的分类统计表明,林地及未利用地表层土壤Pb含量最高;页岩风化形成的土壤Pb含量显著高于其他成土母质区土壤;黄壤Pb含量相对较高;有机碳和pH值均与土壤Pb含量呈显著正相关。 相似文献
8.
本文以河北省中南部平原农田表层土壤为研究对象,对表层土壤中7种重金属元素的形态含量进行了统计和分析,对重金属元素的生物有效性进行了评价,并运用相关分析法,对影响重金属元素生物有效性的因素进行了研究。结果表明,研究区表层土壤7种重金属元素的有效态含量以Cd最高,达36.83%,潜在生态危害性较大;其次为Pb,达13.37%,其中碳酸盐结合态达到12.38%,由于土壤呈中性或偏碱性,Pb元素的迁移能力较弱,其潜在危害性较小;Cu、Hg、Cr、As、Zn重金属元素含量均以稳定态的含量存在,之和均在90%以上,表明其潜在危害性较小;研究区土壤重金属元素的活性系数和迁移系数大小顺序为:CdPbHgCuZnAsCr和CdHgAsCuPbZnCr,其中Cd的活性系数和迁移系数平均值分别达到0.330和0.160,展现出较强的生物活性、不稳定性和迁移能力,其他重金属元素在土壤中活性系数(Pb除外)和迁移系数均较小,生物活性较弱,在土壤中稳定存在,由土壤中向植物中的迁移能力弱;研究区不同的重金属的生物有效性与其影响因素的关系不尽相同,其主要因素是土壤重金属元素全量,其次为p H、TOC、CEC、粘粒含量等,二者关系复杂。 相似文献
9.
《现代地质》2020,(4)
通过对安徽再生铅工业园周边0～20 cm深度的表层土壤及0～300 cm深度的剖面土壤中重金属含量、分布特征、赋存形态的研究及来源解析,发现土壤中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni及Zn含量平均值分别为300.4 ng/g、39.45 ng/g、12.22 mg/kg、42.5 mg/kg、75.4 mg/kg、28.5 mg/kg、33.5 mg/kg、74.1 mg/kg,富集元素主要有Cd、Pb及Hg,其中土壤Cd、Pb富集明显受工业活动影响,Hg富集与工业活动无关。土壤Cd明显富集面积为21 km~2,影响深度为65 cm。土壤Pb明显富集面积为12 km~2,影响深度为20 cm。土壤Hg普遍为中度富集,富集深度为0～65 cm。土壤中Cd以碳酸盐结合态为主,其次为铁锰氧化物结合态,Pb以残渣态、铁锰氧化物结合态为主。Cd的碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态、Pb的残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态均与其全量呈显著正相关。研究区土壤环境质量较好,仅有9.5%样点Cd含量与5.4%样点Pb含量超过了《GB 15618—2018土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》规定的污染风险筛选值。 相似文献
10.
岩溶区与非岩溶区不同土地利用方式下土壤Zn元素形态分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文采用连续提取法,对岩溶区与非岩溶区农田和林地两种土地利用形式下土壤中Zn元素形态进行了分级提取。测定结果表明,土壤中Zn元素主要以残渣态(占总量68. 5%～ 85. 0% )存在。此外,岩溶区农田、林地石灰土中Zn元素相对活泼态,即离子交换态(包括水溶态)、碳酸盐结合态、腐殖酸结合态(松结有机结合态)的含量均比非岩溶区对应的要低,而相对稳定态,即铁锰氧化物结合态、强有机结合态(包括部分硫化物态)的含量均比非岩溶区相对应的要高,残渣态含量与相对稳定态具有相同的趋势。这意味着岩溶土壤地球化学环境对土壤Zn的迁移、富集、形态转换具有明显的影响。长期耕种下岩溶区和非岩溶区土壤均会出现缺Zn状况,岩溶区情况更为严重。而适宜的土壤改良措施,可望提高土壤有效Zn形态的含量。 相似文献
11.
以四川省成都平原区农田生态系统水稻土剖面为例,探讨了Cd分配系数及其影响因素。结果表明:Cd分配系数(Kd)在污染土壤环境和本底土壤环境中是不同的,在剖面PM-3、PM-6和PM-8剖面中污染环境中分配系数(Kd)大于本底环境中的分配系数,而在剖面PM-7中,本底环境中的分配系数(Kd)大于污染环境中的值。在污染环境Cd分配系数受土壤pH值、交换性Mg和铁硅氧化物的影响比较大,而在非污染环境中分配系数受到土壤可溶性Al、Cd全量和铁锰铝氧化物的影响较大。这些土壤的物化性质对分配系数造成影响,使得土壤滤渣和土壤原土中Cd形态含量存在差异。 相似文献
12.
It is generally accepted that the compositions and properties of soil organic matter (SOM) are influenced by many factors. In order to reveal the effects of soil texture on characteristics and dynamics of SOM and its sub-fraction, humic acid (HA), along two soil profiles, a yellow soil profile and a purplish soil profile, under the same climate and vegetation conditions were determined. Results indicate that the decomposition and humification degrees of SOM and HA of the purplish soils are higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils indicated by A/O–A ratios of HAs, TOCs and HA yields of bulk soil samples, nevertheless, the development degree of the purplish soil is lower than that of the yellow soil. The variations of E4/E6 ratios of HAs along the soil profiles indicate the overall molecular sizes of HAs decreased downward along the soil profiles. A/O–A ratios of HAs decreased downward along both the soil profiles indicate that humification processes decrease downward along both the soil profiles. Leaching of SOM shows significant effects on the distribution and characteristics of HAs in the yellow soil profile but the purplish soil profile, which is consistent with the higher hydrophobicity of HAs in purplish soils, shows that the distribution characteristics of SOM along the soil profiles are a complex result of the combination of soil texture and characteristics of SOM itself. The remarkably different sand contents are concluded tentatively as one of reasons to the different distributions and dynamics of HAs along the soil profiles, however, to profoundly understand the evolution and transport of SOM along soil profiles needs more researches. 相似文献
13.
Stable carbon isotopic composition of soil organic matter in the karst areas of Southwest China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This study dealt with the distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon （SOC） and the variation of stable carbon isotopic composition （δ^13C values） with depth in six soil profiles, including two soil types and three vegetation forms in the karst areas of Southwest China. The δ^13C values of plant-dominant species, leaf litter and soils were measured using the sealed-tube high-temperature combustion method. Soil organic carbon contents of the limestone soil profiles are all above 11.4 g/kg, with the highest value of 71.1 g/kg in the surface soil. However, the contents vary between 2.9 g/kg and 46.0 g/kg in three yellow soil profiles. The difference between the maximum and minimum δ^13C values of soil organic matter （SOM） changes from 2.2‰ to 2.9‰ for the three yellow soil profiles. But it changes from 0.8‰ to 1.6‰ for the limestone soil profiles. The contrast research indicated that there existed significant difference in vertical pattems of organic carbon and δ^13C values of SOM between yellow soil and limestone soil. This difference may reflect site-specific factors, such as soil type, vegetation form, soil pH value, and clay content, etc., which control the contents of different organic components comprising SOM and soil carbon turnover rates in the profiles. The vertical variation patterns of stable carbon isotope in SOM have a distinct regional character in the karst areas. 相似文献
14.
中国南方红壤区铅的分布特征、运移规律及生物效应尚不明确。本文以福建龙海市土壤和稻米为研究对象,系统分析了土壤铅的分布特征、形态组成、生物富集能力及影响机理,总结了铅在母岩-土壤-稻米迁移过程的富集分配规律。结果表明,龙海市中部区域表层土壤的铅含量高,其余区域较低,92.5%样点值在10~90 mg/kg,对应p H为4.0~7.5,强酸性和碱性土壤铅含量略低;稻米铅(0.018~0.398 mg/kg)超标率仅4.1%,对土壤铅的富集能力较弱(富集系数0.23%±0.16%),所以研究区土壤铅超标时稻米不一定超标。影响土壤铅的主要因素是成土母岩和土壤类型,不同成土母岩区的土壤铅含量规律为:第四纪海积物第四纪残坡积物花岗岩和酸性火山岩佛昙组基性玄武岩,不同土壤类型的铅含量规律为:潮土滨海盐土水稻土红壤赤红壤滨海风沙土。土壤铅有效态(离子交换态、水溶态)仅占铅全量的4.95%,强有机态和残渣态等其余形态合计占94.99%,说明土壤铅主要以稳定态存在,难于被植物吸收,进一步为合理解释"土壤铅超标而稻米不超标"这一现象提供了调查依据。研究还表明,稻米铅与表层土壤铅之间无明显相关性,保持土壤p H值在弱酸性至弱碱性范围可降低土壤铅活性。 相似文献
15.
Characteristics and distributions of humic acid (HA) and soil organic matter (SOM) in a yellow soil profile and a limestone soil profile of the southwest China Karst area were systematically investigated to reveal their evolutions in different soils of the study area. The results showed that characteristics and distribution of SOM along the two soil profiles were notably different. Total organic carbon (TOC) contents of soil samples decreased just slightly along the limestone soil profile but sharply along the yellow soil profile. TOCs of the limestone soils were significantly higher than those of the corresponding yellow soils, and C/N ratios of SOMs showed a similar variation trend to that of TOCs, indicating that SOM can be better conserved in the limestone soil than in the yellow soil. The soil humic acids were exhaustively extracted and further fractionated according to their apparent molecular weights using ultrafiltration techniques to explore underlying conservation mechanisms. The result showed that C/N ratios of HAs from different limestone soil layers were relatively stable and that large molecular HA fractions predominated the bulk HA of the top soil, indicating that HA in the limestone profile was protected while bio and chemical degradations were retarded. Combined with organic elements contents and mineral contents of two soils, we concluded that high calcium contents in limestone soils may play a key role in SOM conservation by forming complexation compounds with HAs or/and enclosing SOMs with hypergene CaCO3 precipitation. 相似文献
16.
Unsafe lead (Pb) concentrations in leafy vegetables raised in urban and peri-urban agricultural production systems have been reported across cities in Northern Nigeria, even though Pb concentrations in soils are within regulatory safe levels. This study examined the soil enrichment, adsorption and chemical species of Pb in urban garden fields irrigated with untreated wastewater at three industrial locations in Kano, northern Nigeria. Total Pb in the soil profiles ranged from 9 to 91 mg kg?1 and decreased rapidly from the surface to the subsurface layer, but attaining nearly constant concentration at depth ≥1.2 m in the profiles. The potentially labile Pb maintained fairly constant concentration with depth up to 0.9 m, but decreased fairly rapidly with depth thereafter. There was a significant Pb enrichment of the soils, extending up to 30–60 cm depth in the soil profiles. The adsorption of Pb by the soils increased drastically with pH, and attained maximum adsorption at pH ≥ 7.0 in the surface layer, and at pH ≥ 6 in the subsurface layer. The surface soils adsorbed between 85 and 97 % of added Pb at pH ≤ 5. Free Pb2+ activities in soil solution accounted for between 46 and 87 % at pH 5–7 of total dissolved Pb (PbT). The quantifiable chemical species of Pb in solution consisted mainly of PbOH+, PbSO 4 · , PbCl+ and PbOH 2 · which accounted for between 0.9 and 26 % of PbT in soil solution at pH ≥ 5.0, but declining to between 0.1 and 2.1 % at pH ≥ 7.5. There was no apparent equilibrium between Pb2+ activities and known Pb-compounds in the soils. It was concluded from the data that reports of excess Pb concentrations in leafy vegetables raised in these soils are consistent with high free Pb2+ activities maintained in soil solution by these predominantly sandy-textured soils. 相似文献
17.
Analysis of the total heavy metal (Cr, Cd, Pb, As, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co) concentration was performed on 33 soil samples taken from different profiles and soil types in a highly urbanized and industrial sector of Addis Ababa, central Ethiopia. They were analyzed using aqua regia extraction coupled with a four-stage sequential extraction (SE) procedure. The objectives of the analysis were to investigate the degree of soil heavy metal contamination, its binding forms, mobility and the implications for the groundwater resource. The results show a relatively high content of the analyzed trace metals in the soil attributed to anthropogenic and geogenic sources. Although most of the trace metals are found in the upper few centimeters of the residual soils, because of churning processes within the black cotton soils, vertical distribution of the trace metals is complex. According to the heavy metal SE analysis, the major heavy metal contribution is from the residual followed by the hydroxide phases. Groundwater heavy metal contamination is present with more than 90 and 50% of the analyzed groundwater samples exceeding WHO guidelines for Cr and Cd, respectively. Since the degree of soil heavy metal contamination has apparently not surpassed the soil’s buffering capacity, it appears that the transport path of these toxic metals to the groundwater is through fractures, joints, and related preferential flow paths. 相似文献
18.
Thirty typical soil profiles were sampled in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region and analyzed for stable lead (Pb) isotopes and
total concentrations of Pb and scandium (Sc). Pb isotopic compositions of A-horizon and C-horizon and Pb/Sc ratio were combined
to estimate the amounts of endogenous and exogenous Pb accumulated in topsoil and identify possible sources. The results indicated
that Pb exhibits a trend of accumulation in topsoil at regional scale. The isotopic composition of endogenous Pb is characterized
by a narrow range of isotope ratios, varying with parent material, while that of exogenous Pb is characterized by a comparatively
wide range of isotope ratios, varying with anthropogenic source. Coal combustion is probably the most important anthropogenic
source of exogenous Pb in the soils of YRD region, as identified by isotopic ratio cross-plot combined with multi-elemental
approaches. 相似文献