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1.
The investigation of rocks, minerals, and melt inclusions showed that porphyritic alkaline picrites and meimechites crystallized from different parental magmas. At a similar ultrabasic composition, the alkaline picrite melts were enriched in K2O relative to Na2O, and contained up to 0.12–0.13 wt % F and less Cr, Ni, and H2O (only 0.01–0.16 wt % H2O, versus 0.6–1.6 wt % in the meimechite melts) compared with the meimechite magmas. The crystallization of alkaline picrite melts occurred under stable conditions at relatively low temperatures without abrupt changes: olivine and clinopyroxene crystallized at 1340–1285 and 1230–1200°C, respectively, as compared with 1600–1450 and 1230–1200°C in the meimechites. The alkaline picrite melts evolved toward melanephelinite, nephelinite, tephrite, and trachydolerite; whereas the meimechite magmas gave rise to subalkaline picritic rocks. The partitioning of vanadium between olivine and melt suggests that the meimechite magma crystallized under more oxidizing conditions compared with the alkaline picrite melts: the KDV values for the meimechite melts (0.011–0.016) were three times lower than those for the alkaline picrite melts (0.045–0.052). The parental magmas of the alkaline picrites and meimechites were enriched in trace elements relative to mantle levels by factors of tens to hundreds. The alkaline picrite magma showed lower LILE and LREE contents compared with the meimechite magma. The magmas had also different indicator ratios of incompatible elements, including those immobile in aqueous fluids. It was concluded that the meimechite and alkaline picrite melts were derived from different mantle sources. The former were generated at lower degrees of melting of an undepleted mantle source, and the meimechite melts were produced by high-degree melting of a probably lherzolite-harzburgite source. 相似文献
2.
The study of melt microinclusions in olivine megacrysts from meimechites and alkali picrites of the Maimecha–Kotui alkali ultramafic and carbonatite province (Polar Siberia) revealed that the melt compositions corrected for loss of olivine due to post-entrapment crystallization of olivine on inclusion walls (differentiates of primary meimechite magma) match well to the composition of nephelinites and olivine melilitites belonging to carbonatite magmatic series. Modeling of fractional crystallization of meimechite magmas results in the high-alkali melt compositions corresponding to the silicate–carbonate liquid immiscibility field. The appearance of volatile-rich melts at the base of magma-generating plume systems at early stages of partial melting can be explained by extraction of incompatible elements including volatiles, by near-solidus melts at low degrees of partial melting, and meimechites are an example of such magmas. Subsequent accumulation of CO2 in the residual melt results in generation of carbonate magma. 相似文献
3.
Analysis of petrochemical and geochemical information of the same levels, which characterize rocks and primary melt inclusions in olivines of heterochronic meimechite–picrite associations in Siberia (Maimecha–Kotui province), Primorye (Sikhote–Alin), and Kamchatka demonstrated that, besides the similar appearance and identical structural patterns, they are considerably discrepant in the concentration and distribution of incompatible and rare earth elements. Those differences are also observed for the compositions and evolutionary trends of parental high-temperature magnesium-rich melts. This, in turn, was assumed to be a consequence of a variable degree of melting of the mantle protoliths in the mentioned regions, which is supported by geochemical modeling. 相似文献
4.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2014,55(8):959-970
Analysis of petrochemical and geochemical information on rocks and primary melt inclusions from olivines of meimechite–picrite associations of different ages in Siberia (Maimecha-Kotui province), Primorye (Sikhote-Alin), and Kamchatka was made. It showed that the rocks, despite their similar appearance and identical structural patterns, differ considerably in the contents and distribution of incompatible and rare-earth elements and in the composition and evolution trends of parental high-temperature highly magnesian melts. 相似文献
5.
Linda T. Elkins-Tanton David S. Draper Carl B. Agee Jessica Jewell Andrew Thorpe P. C. Hess 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,153(2):191-209
The final lavas of the Siberian flood basalts are a ∼1,000 m thick section of meimechites, high-alkali, high-titanium, hydrous
lavas that contrast sharply with the tholeiites that precede them. This paper presents a phase equilibrium study indicating
that a candidate primary meimechite magma with 1 wt% water originated at ∼5.5 GPa and 1,700°C, both hotter and shallower than
other estimates for melting beneath continental lithosphere. The experiments also suggest that a higher volatile content was
involved in meimechite source genesis. Both the absence of orthopyroxene in any experiment and the close field association
with carbonatites suggest that the meimechite source region may have been metasomatized with a CO2-rich fluid. A small additional quantity of CO2 and water would move magma origination to ∼1,550–1,600°C. 相似文献
6.
Major elements can be modelled in ways similar to the quantitative petrogenetic modelling used for trace elements. In contrast to modelling with trace elements, however, modelling with major elements is constrained by the stoichiometry of the solid phases. Within these constraints, the same equations for partial melting and crystallization which have been used to such advantage for trace elements may be used for major elements.Calculated MgO and FeO abundances in a mantle-melt system are used as an example of the modelling technique. Such modelling yields limited fields of permissible melts and residues for a given parent composition, but does not give the paths of melting. It does allow the temperature and extent of melting which gave rise to a melt to be determined from the MgO and FeO abundances of the melt or residual solid. Applying the results of the modelling to igneous rocks and ultramafic nodules leads to the following conclusions, which are subject to the uncertainties in the available distribution coefficients. Least differentiated basalt glasses from the ocean floor are derived from parent melts with less than 15.5 weight % MgO and 8.2 wt. % FeO. Komatiites may be derived by less than 60% melting of a pyrolite source leaving a residue of olivine and pyroxene. Many nodules from the subcontinental mantle appear to be residues of large fractions of melting (>30%) at high temperature and pressure, whereas ultramafic nodules from oceanic basalts appear to be residues of smaller fractions of melting (<30%) at lower temperatures and pressures. 相似文献
7.
Sudipta Neogi Edward W. Bolton Sumit Chakraborty 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2014,168(2):1-22
A numerical code has been developed to track the distribution of trace elements in crustal rocks undergoing melting. The model handles diffusion with moving boundaries and accounts for the processes of diffusion, dissolution and precipitation in a partially molten system. Among the various input parameters for modelling, source composition (i.e. modal abundance) variations, diffusion coefficients and partition coefficients are found to exert a significant control on the melt chemistry. The other inputs such as melt reaction stoichiometry, kinetics of melting and grain size of protolith have lesser influence. Exploration of the general behaviour indicates that for systems in which disequilibrium melting of the kind considered in this paper occurs, trace element concentrations may be used to constrain the composition of the protolith or the timescales of melting, depending on the specific circumstances. After exploring some general features of melting in a pelitic system, the model is applied to calculate trace element distributions in migmatites from the Lesser Himalayan rocks in Sikkim, India. We focus on the distribution of trace elements during the initial stages of melt formation. These partially molten rocks show disequilibrium distribution of trace elements, and the numerical code is capable of quantitatively reproducing many of the observed patterns. The results of the modelling indicate that the observed melts in this zone were formed within 50,000 years and that segregation of melts (into leucosome and restite) was complete between 50,000 and 250,000 years. These short timescales may point to deformation-enhanced melt segregation at least on a hand specimen scale. It is important to distinguish between timescales of segregation over these scales and timescales of removal of melt on an outcrop scale to form plutons—the latter, requiring higher degrees of melting and larger distances of migration, take longer. 相似文献
8.
Comparative analysis of the composition and formation conditions of the dunite–pyroxenite association of the Guli Pluton and ultramafic vulcanite (meimechite) showed the similarity of their initial melts and the same type of crystallization, demonstrating the cumulative origin of dunite. 相似文献
9.
S. Maaløe 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2003,77(1-2):1-24
Summary ?Partial melting of the mantle is polybaric which implies that the phase relations change during partial melting. In addition
to the pressure the composition of the melt depends on the melting mode. Various melting models have been suggested. Here
the basic phase relations of polybaric batch, percolative, and critical melting are considered, using a simple ternary system.
The percolative melts are in equilibrium with their residua, but differ somewhat in composition from those of batch melting.
Critical melting is a fractional type of melting where the residuum contain interstitial melt. The critical melts differ in
composition from batch melts. The linear trends of peridotites from ophiolites show that the extracted melts had nearly constant
compositions, and therefore were extracted within a small pressure interval. A comparison between the trends of mantle peridotite
and experimental batch melts suggests strongly that the melt extracted from the peridotites are in equilibrium with their
residua. This could suggest that either batch or percolative melting are relevant melting modes for the mantle. However, isotopic
disequilibria favor instead a critical mode of melting. This inconsistency can be avoided if the ascending melts are accumulated
within a source region and equilibrate with the residuum before the melt is extracted from the source region. The evidence
for equilibrium suggests that multisaturation of tholeiitic compositions in PT-diagrams is relevant for estimating pressure
and temperature of generation of primary tholeiitic magmas.
Received September 2, 2001; revised version accepted March 20, 2002 相似文献
10.
A. A. Kadik N. A. Kurovskaya Yu. A. Ignat’ev N. N. Kononkova V. V. Koltashev V. G. Plotnichenko 《Geochemistry International》2011,49(5):429-438
It is assumed in the theories of Earth formation that the composition of gases extracted by primary planetary magmas is formed
by the large-scale melting of the early mantle, which occurred in the presence of a metallic Fe phase. The molten Fe metal
and silicate materials underwent gravitational migration, which affected the fractionation of siderophile elements. Volatile
compounds had to form simultaneously in the zones of large-scale melting of the early Earth; their compositions were controlled
by interaction with silicate and metallic melts. This process remains poorly understood. 相似文献
11.
12.
The factual evidence and the evidence of experimental studies support a cumulative origin of dunites from alkali-ultrabasic
complexes of the Siberian Craton (Guli, Kondyor, Inagli, and others). These rocks formed during deep igneous evolution of
melts that are close to biotite-pyroxene alkali picrite (meimechite). Olivinites that sometimes compose completely or in part
the particular massifs (Bor-Yuryakh, Odikhincha, Kugda, and others) formed, in turn, due to recrystallization of dunites under
the effect of alkali melts and fluids. This insight into the origin of dunites and olivines from these intrusive complexes
requires an objective assessment of their ore-bearing potential. 相似文献
13.
非实比部分熔融模型中Ｐ值的大小取决于熔融模式，不同的Ｐ值会造成熔体成分的改变。当Ｐ值不同时，相容元素和弱不相容元素在熔体中的浓度出现大的变化，因此，在模型中这些元素的Ｐ值不能用Ｄ０代替；然而，Ｐ值的变化仅造成强不相容及中等不相容元素的浓度小的变化，可以认为强不相容与中等不相容元素的Ｐ值约等于Ｄ０。在部分熔融程度相同的条件下，不同的Ｐ值可以使同种源岩熔出稀土元素模式亏损或富集的不同岩浆类型。自然界地幔的部分熔融过程存在着不同的方式与作用，如实比熔融与非实比熔融［１，２］。然而，目前对部分熔融岩浆作用地球化学问题的讨论，一般只考虑实比熔融过程。本文主要讨论非实比熔融作用在自然界的普遍存在，以及在地幔部分熔融过程中Ｐ值对熔融产物的影响。 相似文献
14.
Experimental Study of Partial Melting of Mantle Peridotite--A Discussion about the Genesis of Silica-rich Fluids (Melts) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LI Jianping 《《地质学报》英文版》1999,73(4):395-403
Experiments on partial melting of mantle lherzolite have been realized at 0.6 and 1.0 GPa and the chemical compositional variations of melts during different melting stages have been first discussed. The results show that the trends of variations in SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, Na2O and TiO2 are different at different melting stages. The melts produced at lower pressure are richer in SiO2 than those at higher pressure. The mantle-derived silica-rich fluids (silicate melts) are polygenetic, but the basic and intermediate-acid silicate melts in mantle peridotite xenoliths from the same host rocks, which have equivalent contents of volatile and alkali components and different contents of other components, should result from in-situ (low-degree) partial melting of mantle peridotite under different conditions (e.g. at different depths, with introduction of C-O-H fluids or in the presence of metasomatic minerals). The intermediate-acid melts may be the result of partial melting (at lower pressure) Opx + Sp + K-Na-rich fluid±(Amphi)±(Phlog)= Ol+melt.But the intermediate-acid magmas cannot be produced from the partial melting of normal mantle peridotite unless the crustal materials are introduced to some extent. 相似文献
15.
D. V. Kovalenko V. B. Naumov V. Yu. Prokofiev O. A. Ageeva O. A. Andreeva E. V. Kovaltchuk K. G. Erofeeva N. Yu. Ugryumova 《Petrology》2017,25(1):66-86
Original authors’ data on the mineralogy and composition of melt inclusions in two samples show that the Early Eocene magmatic rocks at Cape Khairyuzova were formed by mixing melts of mafic, intermediate, and acid composition, which were derived from different sources. The mafic melt was rich in MgO, and its temperature was 1100–1150°C. The temperature of the acid melt varied from 1070 to 1130°C. The melts are also different in concentrations of trace elements and in their ratios. All three melt types are enriched in LILE and LREE and depleted in HFSE and were likely derived in suprasubductional environments. The mafic and intermediate magmas were formed by melting a mantle wedge and subsequent fractionation of the melts. The acid melts could be formed by melting crustal rocks when they were overheated in the newly formed orogen of significant thickness. When ascending, the mantle melts could mix in variable proportions with acid melts in crustal chambers. 相似文献
16.
A suite of basanitoids and alkali olivine basalts from Grenada, Lesser Antilles were analyzed for rare earth elements. The REE concentrations of these rocks are characterized by a small variation in the heavy REE (7 to 9 times chondrite) and a large variation in the light REE (17 to 93 times chondrite). Among the possible mechanisms to account for the REE variations, fractional crystallization processes at low and high pressures, and partial melting processes (both batch melting and fractional melting) were examined, using the partition relationships of REE among silicate minerals and melts. It is suggested that the observed REE variations are best explained by variable degrees of batch partial melting, in which garnet is present as one of the solid phases through 2 to 17% melting of a garnet lherzolite parent rock. 相似文献
17.
Oligocene volcanics from Oatlands in Tasmania, Australia, include olivine tholeiites, alkali olivine basalts, nepheline basanites
and olivine nephelinites. They have compositional characteristics that are typical of intraplate basalts worldwide. They are
generally enriched in incompatible elements relative to the primitive mantle and are strongly enriched in Nb, Ta and light
rare earths, but not heavy rare earths. At the same time, they have Sr and Nd isotope compositions that are similar to those
in some incompatible-element-depleted mid-ocean ridge basalts (E-type MORB). Experimentally obtained mineral/melt partition
coefficients for an Oatlands basanite allow the relative concentrations of incompatible elements in the volcanics to be produced
by small degrees of melting (≤1%) of a source similar to the E-type MORB source of Workman and Hart (2005). However, the absolute concentrations that can be achieved in this way are much less than present in the most incompatible-element-enriched
basanites and nephelinites at Oatlands. This contradiction can be explained by open-system melting under the influence of
a conductive geotherm. This would have involved upwardly migrating near-solidus melts from the asthenosphere cooling along
a sub-adiabatic geotherm. Cooling of the melts would have caused them to re-crystallize and accumulate in the overlying mantle,
thereby enriching both the new host rocks and any residual melts in incompatible elements. This would also have increased
the buoyancy of the host rocks leading to upwelling and further (decompression) melting of incompatible-element-enriched peridotite.
We were able to use our partition coefficients to quantitatively model the development of incompatible-element enrichments
in the Oatlands magmas by these processes. Our explanation is consistent with the characteristically scattered but widespread
distributions and long time scales of intraplate volcanism in a broad variety of tectonic settings. This is because the conditions
required to initiate volcanism (i.e. those of near-solidus melting of the asthenosphere) are relatively easy to produce and
can therefore be caused by both near-surface tectonics and deeper mantle processes. Furthermore, the super-enrichments of
incompatible elements in some intraplate volcanics can be attributed to the influence of normal geothermal gradients on melting
processes. Without the very strong fractionation imposed by this combination of factors, the Oatlands volcanics would more
closely resemble mid-ocean-ridge basalts. 相似文献
18.
The paper reports quantitative evaluations of the modal and chemical composition of the mantle whose Paleozoic activation gave rise to the Kola alkaline province in the northeastern Baltic Shield. The volume of alkaline magmatism within the province and the volume of the mantle melts that were generated in the course of the Paleozoic activation cycle were evaluated by three-dimensional density modeling on the basis of gravimetric data. Our studies involved, along with the sampling of alkaline magmatic rocks in the region, the examination of the deep (to a depth of 22.5 km) structure of all alkaline intrusions in the province and the development of their three-dimensional density models. Concentrations of trace elements were precisely analyzed by the ICP-MS technique, and these data were used in order to calculate the weighted mean concentrations of trace elements in rocks of the province, to simulate the melting of mantle sources, and to evaluate the geodynamic sequences of these mantle processes. Our simulations indicate that the total volume of the Paleozoic mantle melts in the northeastern part of the Baltic Shield amounted to 15000 ± 2700 km3. The calculated composition of the partial melts that could be produced by the mantle of average composition shows the necessity for the significant introduction of certain elements into the mantle source. It is demonstrated that primitive melts in the Kola province were highly probably derived at low degrees of melting of the source (0.3–0.5%), whose composition corresponded to phlogopite-bearing (±amphibole) garnet lherzolite under the conditions of the mantle garnet depth facies. The calculated degree of enrichment of this sources was three times higher than the average concentrations of incompatible elements in the primitive mantle. It is demonstrated that magma generating processes affected much of the lithosphere beneath northeastern Fennoscandia and reached a depth of 120 km, i.e., the depth of the mantle facies of garnet lherzolite. The area of this region corresponds to the area of regional Paleozoic magmatism, and its depth correlates with the estimated P-T conditions under which the mantle xenoliths found in regional diatremes were formed. 相似文献
19.
海南岛陆缘扩张带蓬莱地区新生代玄武岩中捕获大量尖晶石二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩幔源包体。激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)分析结果表明,蓬莱地幔橄榄岩含有三种不同地球化学特征的单斜辉石(Cpx):(1)a类单斜辉石Mg~#=92.3~93.4,来自富集Cpx的二辉橄榄岩,具有极低的LREE和不相容元素含量,HREE平坦,Th、U、La、Sr正异常,经历了7%~10%的尖晶石相部分熔融,仅受到极低程度强不相容元素(Th、U、La、Sr)初期富集交代作用;(2)b类单斜辉石Mg~#=89.9~90.3,来自较富集Cpx的二辉橄榄岩,具有中等的LREE和LILE含量,HREE平坦,微量元素蛛网图上显示Th、U正异常,Rb、Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti负异常,经历4%~5%的尖晶石相部分熔融,可能受到了含LREE和Th、U等不相容元素的硅酸盐熔体交代;(3)c类单斜辉石Mg~#=91.4~92.8,来自贫Cpx的二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩,具有富集的LREE和LILE含量,HREE弱分异,微量元素蛛网图上显示Th、U正异常及强烈的Nb、Ta、Ti负异常,经历了8%~20%的尖晶石相部分熔融,其交代熔体可能是来自源区有石榴子石残留的碳酸盐熔体。全岩主、微量元素及模拟计算结果表明,这些幔源包体的主量元素主要受部分熔融程度影响,并且方辉橄榄岩经历的部分熔融程度大于二辉橄榄岩。地幔橄榄岩的Sr-Nd同位素组成表明该区具有MORB-OIB型亏损地幔特征。此外,蓬莱部分地幔橄榄岩包体显示正斜率的HREE分异特征((Gd/Yb)_N=0.4~0.7),暗示该区地幔经历了源自石榴子石稳定区的变压熔融,总体熔融程度为18%以上,指示了较高的地幔潜能温度。综合前人对海南岛新生代玄武岩最新研究成果,我们认为海南地幔柱可能为该区软流圈地幔置换古老岩石圈地幔提供了热源,导致了区域岩石圈地幔的破坏,从而引起包括地幔柱本身、软流圈和富集岩石圈的熔融。岩石圈地幔性质的改变和不均一性可能是海南岛陆缘扩张带新生代岩石圈减薄的主要动力学机制。 相似文献
20.
火成碳酸岩的实验岩石学研究及对地球深部碳循环的意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
火成碳酸岩是地表出露较少的幔源岩石之一。实验岩石学研究表明碳酸盐化的橄榄岩和循环的地壳物质(如碳酸盐化榴辉岩或泥质岩)的低程度(<1%)部分熔融均可以产生碳酸岩质的熔体,其中碳酸盐化泥质岩具有最低的熔融温度且更加富碱质、CO2和不相容元素;富CO2的霞石质等硅酸盐岩浆也可以通过不混溶或分离结晶作用产生碳酸岩,用于解释碳酸岩在空间中常与碱性硅酸岩的共生关系。由于碳酸岩熔体具有极低的粘度和高的活性,形成后在上升过程中会将二辉橄榄岩转变为异剥橄榄岩,是引起地幔交代作用和地幔地球化学不均一性的重要介质之一。实验表明在俯冲作用过程中,大多数的碳酸盐在位于岛弧之下的含水熔融并不分解而是被带入到深部地幔并且稳定存在,含碳地幔的熔融又会形成碳酸岩质的熔体,这说明俯冲循环物质可能对碳酸岩的成因也起着重要的作用。然而,对于碳酸岩的初始熔体成分、岩浆演化、地幔交代作用、成矿特征以及碳从地球深部返回到地表的途径和过程等都存在着很大的争议。我国火成碳酸岩出露相对较多,分布广泛,因此,加强我国碳酸岩以及伴生硅酸岩的成因研究,同时开展与碳酸岩相关的实验岩石学工作,不仅可以检验现有的成因理论,而且有助于提高我国对火成碳酸岩的研究水平;由于其特殊的成因背景,还可为许多存在很大争议的重大地质事件提供新的科学依据。 相似文献