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1.
Dag Hongve 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1980,42(2):171-195
A number of lakes in Southeast Norway have developed biogenic meromixis and have typically also considerable concentrations
of dissolved iron and manganese in the bottom waters. Eight such lakes are described. Products of biological decomposition
like carbon dioxide, methane and some inorganic salts gave a difference in density between mixo- and monimolimnion and hence
chemical stability to the lakes. The concentration of iron and manganese gave minor contributions to the density gradients,
and these substances are regarded as less important for the stability because of their reduced solubility under oxic conditions.
Quantitative expressions of wind influence on lake surfaces were obtained by calculation of the work of the wind during the
heating season. These values were low compared with a more exposed lake in the same region. Water movements generated by the
wind have eroding effects on the chemical stratification only during short periods of homothermy before icelaying. During
the rest of the year the monimolimnion is protected by either thermal stratification or ice cover. During the autumnal partial
circulation a substantial reduction in chemical stability took place. For some of the lakes it is assumed that full circulation
may take place in years with favourable weather conditions. 相似文献
2.
Ferric iron reduction was studied in a pilot-scale enclosure experiment for passive biological remediation of an acidic mine pit lake in Lusatia, Germany. The metabolic properties of prokaryotes involved in Fe(III) reduction may be important for the outcome of biological remediation, as chemolithotrophic Fe(III) reduction can counteract the desired pH increase, but heterotrophic Fe(III) reduction will provide the necessary Fe(II) for precipitation of sulfide minerals following sulfate reduction. Therefore, vertical profiles of sediment parameters related to iron and sulfur cycling were determined in conjunction with viable counts of different ferric iron-reducing micro-organisms using selective media. Findings were compared to an untreated reference site. The addition of organic matter stimulated ferric iron reduction and sulfate reduction in the enclosure and led to elevated pH and accumulations of ferrous iron and reduced sulfur compounds. Numbers of neutrophilic heterotrophic Fe(III) reducers increased during treatment, those of acidophilic heterotrophic Fe(III) reducers remained similar, and those of acidophilic chemolithotrophic Fe(III) reducers decreased. Zones of ferric iron-reducing activity corresponded well with microbial depth profiles; however, viable counts of neutrophilic or acid-tolerant Fe(III) reducers must have been underestimated based on the corresponding observed activity levels. Ferric iron reduction by chemolithotrophic acidophiles seemed to be of minor importance, so a lowering of pH values due to Fe(III) reducing activity is unlikely. 相似文献
3.
René Gächter 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1987,49(2):170-185
Data obtained from Lakes Baldegg and Sempach, two artificially mixed and oxygenated lakes, show that it is technically possible to significantly improve redox conditions, even in large eutrophic lakes. It is discussed why - the well-known release of phosphorus from anoxic sediments does not necessarily result from an abiotic reduction of phosphorus containing iron compounds, - net phosphorus retention by sediments is not simply linearly related to the phosphorus content of a lake, - artificial oxygenation of a previously anoxic hypolimnion does not permanently increase phosphorus retention capacity of lake sediments. From this it is concluded that improvement of hypolimnic redox conditions by lake internal measures such as aeration or oxygenation may accelerate the rate of recovery induced by a reduction of the external phosphorus loading, but that oxygenation per se will hardly be able to cause a reduction of trophic state. 相似文献
4.
Internal elemental cycles affecting the long-term alkalinity status of lakes: implications for lake restoration 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
William Davison 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1987,49(2):186-201
Although the major processes affecting the acid-base balance of a lake are directly linked to reactions involving nitrogen
and sulphur they are also influenced by the carbon cycle which is regulated by the supply of phosphorus. Changes in the long-term
alkalinity of a lake are brought about by redox reactions in solution and through interactions with the atmosphere and sediments.
Adding organic material or nutrients may help to restore acidified lakes, by generating base and by the increased carbon turnover
creating a self-regulating ecosystem which is resistant to change. 相似文献
5.
This study investigated two mining lakes located in the north of Lower Austria. These lakes arose 45 years ago when open cast lignite mining ceased. The lakes are separated by a 7-m wide dam. Due to the oxidation of pyrite, both lakes have been acidified and exhibit iron, sulphate, and heavy metal concentrations several orders of magnitude higher than in circumneutral lakes. The water column of both lakes is divided into two layers by a pronounced chemocline. The smaller mining lake (AML), with pH close to of 2.6, is the most acidic lake in Austria, whereas flooding with stream water and by drainage from the surrounding fields neutralized the adjacent larger pit lake. The goal of our study was to investigate the effect of flooding on its physical, chemical and biological properties, in comparison to the pristine AML. Even relative to other extremely acidic lakes, the flora and fauna in the AML was reduced and composed of only two flagellate, one ciliate, and one rotifer species. The simplified pelagic food web in the mixolimnion consisted of heterotrophic bacteria, the mixotrophic flagellates Chlamydomonas acidophila and Ochromonas sp., the ciliate Oxytricha sp., and the rotifer Cephalodella sp. The latter two are as yet undescribed new species. The heliozoan Actinophrys sp. that may act as top predator occurred only in low abundance. The euglenid Lepocinclis buetschlii formed a stable deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) at 7 m depth. Highest cell numbers of L. buetschlii in the DCM exceeded 108 L?1. The neutralized mining lake harboured higher plankton diversity similar to that of natural circumneutral lakes. A peak of at least 16 different phytoplankton taxa was observed during summer. The zooplankton consisted of several copepod species, daphnids and other cladocerans, and at least six different rotifer species. Several fish species occurred in the neutralized lake. Although the effect of non-permanent flooding was largely sustainable, interannual fluctuations of the pH affected the plankton community and reduced its species diversity. 相似文献
6.
Christiane Neumann Julia Beer Christian Blodau Stefan Peiffer Jan H. Fleckenstein 《水文研究》2013,27(22):3240-3253
Exchange of groundwater and lake water with typically quite different chemical composition is an important driver for biogeochemical processes at the groundwater‐lake interface, which can affect the water quality of lakes. This is of particular relevance in mine lakes where anoxic and slightly acidic groundwater mixes with oxic and acidic lake water (pH < 3). To identify links between groundwater‐lake exchange rates and acid neutralization processes in the sediments, exchange rates were quantified and related to pore‐water pH, sulfate and iron concentrations as well as sulfate reduction rates within the sediment. Seepage rates measured with seepage meters (?2.5 to 5.8 L m‐2 d‐1) were in reasonable agreement with rates inverted from modeled chloride profiles (?1.8 to 8.1 L m‐2 d‐1). Large‐scale exchange patterns were defined by the (hydro)geologic setting but superimposed by smaller scale variations caused by variability in sediment texture. Sites characterized by groundwater upwelling (flow into the lake) and sites where flow alternated between upwelling and downwelling were identified. Observed chloride profiles at the alternating sites reflected the transient flow regime. Seepage direction, as well as seepage rate, were found to influence pH, sulfate and iron profiles and the associated sulfate reduction rates. Under alternating conditions proton‐consuming processes, for example, sulfate reduction, were slowed. In the uppermost layer of the sediment (max. 5 cm), sulfate reduction rates were significantly higher at upwelling (>330 nmol g‐1 d‐1) compared to alternating sites (<220 nmol g‐1 d‐1). Although differences in sulfate reduction rates could not be explained solely by different flux rates, they were clearly related to the prevailing groundwater‐lake exchange patterns and the associated pH conditions. Our findings strongly suggest that groundwater‐lake exchange has significant effects on the biogeochemical processes that are coupled to sulfate reduction such as acidity retention and precipitation of iron sulfides. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
8.
The sulphur cycle in the sediment of the Venice canal network was investigated by considering the sulphate reduction rate (SRR) and the distribution of sulphur compounds, in both pore water and sediment. Sulphate reduction (SR) is the main process in the metabolism of the organic matter supplied to the network by untreated urban effluents. Although it might account for the decomposition of only a limited percentage of the total organic-C inputs, the estimated rates are among the highest observed in coastal sediments. Measured rates range from 0.26 to 0.99 micromolcm(-3)d(-1), while mean annual values, estimated by a diagenetic model, vary from 0.16 to 0.43 micromolcm(-3)d(-1). The speciation of S in the sediment reveals that pyrite-S is the most abundant component of the total reduced S pool, whereas acid volatile sulphides and elemental sulphur together account for less than 45%. A preliminary budget indicates that the rate of burial of solid-phase S is small compared to the S produced by SR (from 10 to 25%). A large amount of reduced S is then lost from the canal deposits to be re-oxidised at the sediment-water interface or in the overlying water column. 相似文献
9.
Maja A. Lazzaretti Kurt W. Hanselmann Helmut Brandl Daniel Span Reinhard Bachofen 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1992,54(3-4):285-299
P, Fe, Mn, and S species were analyzed in water samples from the sediment-water interface collected at four seasonally different times during the course of a year at two sampling sites in the southern basin of Lake Lugano (Lago di Lugano). The results reveal the strong influence of the biogeochemical processes in the sediment on the chemical composition of the lake water above. Consumption of oxygen and nitrate under oxic to microoxic conditions in the water column as well as sequential release of reduced manganese and iron under anoxic conditions was observed as a direct or indirect consequence of microbially mediated degradation of organic matter. The seasonal pattern observed for the release and the retainment of dissolved reduced iron and manganese correlates well with the one for dissolved phosphate. Iron, manganese and phosphorus cycling are coupled tightly in these sediments. Both sediment types act as sinks for hydrogen sulfide and sulfate. An inner-sedimentary sulfur cycle is proposed to couple iron, manganese and phosphorus cycling with the degradation of organic matter. Nutrient cycling at the sediment-water interface might thus be driven by a microbially regulated electron pumping mechanism. The results contribute to a better understanding of the role of sediment processes in the lake's internal phosphorus cycle and its seasonal dynamics. 相似文献
10.
城市非点源污染向水生生态系统中输入大量的溶解有机物(DOM),对生态系统健康产生重要影响. 有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)是广泛分布于自然水体中的一类成分和结构复杂、含有多种高活性化学官能团的大分子聚合物,是DOM的重要组分,对水生生态系统健康、能量流动及生物地球化学循环有重要影响. 光化学反应和微生物代谢过程被认为是控制水体CDOM转化、降解和循环的主要影响因素. 然而,对城市化如何影响CDOM组成以及光化学和微生物如何相互作用影响城市水体CDOM动态的理解是不足的. 因此,为评估光化学过程和微生物代谢对不同城市水体CDOM降解与转化的贡献,解析不同城市水体CDOM光化学/微生物降解作用机理,本研究在英国伯明翰选择3类具有典型DOM来源的水体样本,通过实验室9 d受控培养实验,对比分析光化学以及微生物影响下CDOM来源和组成的变化. 结果表明：(1)城市河流由于接受上游污水排放及较短的水力滞留时间,含有丰富的芳香性碳,其CDOM光化学活性明显高于湖泊,光化学降解率为16.60%;(2)城市湖泊CDOM受人类活动影响,自生源类荧光成分富集,生物活性高,在微生物培养过程中CDOM增加了62.16%,而相较于城市湖泊,非城市湖泊由于接受周围景观土壤输入的大量腐殖质类CDOM,光照对其降解转化作用较为明显; (3)光化学过程促进了陆源CDOM中大分子类腐殖质物质降解成为生物活性高的小分子化合物,刺激微生物代谢生成类蛋白质类有机物; 以类蛋白质组分为主导的CDOM在光照过程中被转化为难降解状态,生物活性降低,CDOM微生物代谢过程被抑制. 研究成果为城市水体不同CDOM来源及活性差异特征研究提供了新的思路,有助于城市河流的可持续开放与管理. 相似文献
11.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,(6)
The 1-O-monoalkyl glycerol ethers(MAGEs) were initially viewed as the biomarkers for sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) mediating anaerobic oxidation of methane in the marine environments. However, limited information is known about their distribution in terrestrial and other aquatic settings including soils, fresh water lakes, and cave sediments, which may obscure our understanding of their biological sources. Here we found that MAGEs were ubiquitous but differed obviously in distributional pattern among those environments. The surface soils are dominated generally by i C15:0-MAGE, followed by n C16:0-MAGE whereas the lake sediments show the opposite, resulting in significantly higher i C15:0/n C16:0 ratios in soils than in lake sediments. The cave deposits are characterized by considerably higher proportions of branched MAGEs than the former two environments. The logarithm of i C15:0/a C15:0 ratio shows a significant negative correlation with soil p H, likely reflecting an adaptation of microbial cell membrane to change in the ambient proton concentration. The MAGE profiles in cultured bacteria cannot fully explain the MAGE distribution in all the samples analyzed. Therefore, MAGEs in soil, lake sediments, and cave deposits likely have additional biological source(s) other than SRB and cultured MAGE-producing bacteria. The difference in MAGE pattern among environments is likely to be attributed to change in microbial communities. 相似文献
12.
Implications of EU-Water Framework Directive for the East German Postmining Landscape Lausitz: Coping with a sparse knowledge of the underground 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bastian Johannes Graupner Friedrich-Carl Benthaus Stephan Bürger Florian Werner 《Limnologica》2005,35(3):199-205
Mining dumps are major sources of pollutants within the mining area of Lausitz, especially sulphate and iron. Their existence in catchment areas comprising groundwater bodies or lakes often imposes negative effects on the water quality. The European Union Water Framework Directive [EU-WFD, 2000. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. The European Parliament and Council, L327/1, p. 72] aims to achieve ‘good quality’ status for all water bodies across Europe by 2015. Consequently, predicting the development of ground and lake water quality is necessary and must be based on the geochemical composition of the mining dumps. Therefore, the dumps need to be quantified as pollutant sources.A method to calculate the amount of sulphate in mine dumps is presented. It is based on historic geological and geochemical data characterising the pre-mining situation. Additional information on the dump body, derived from the vertical extension of mining activities and the current Digital Elevation Model (DEM), allows the composition of the dump to be determined. This procedure is demonstrated for the Bärwalde site. An average total sulphur content of 0.62% (5.9 million tonnes) was calculated for the Bärwalde dump. About 40% of it is estimated to be pyrite sulphur. Applying an average pyrite oxidation rate for the whole dump body of 7% led to an additional water-soluble mass of 0.18 million tonnes of sulphate sulphur.Applying this technique to all mine dumps managed by the postmining administration company LMBV, will improve our knowledge of the catchment area for the different lakes of Lausitz and will form an essential basis for reactive transport calculations. 相似文献
13.
环太湖河流进出湖水量及污染负荷(2000-2002年) 总被引：27，自引：5，他引：22
天然水域,尤其是富营养的浅水湖泊,沉积物中磷的释放是蓝藻水华发生、形成和持续生长的重要因素．分析沉积物中磷的赋存形态转化及其潜在生态效应,有助于理解沉积物中磷的迁移转化过程及其与湖泊富营养化之间的关系．本文综述国内湖泊水域中磷的主要形态、来源和转化过程以及其生物有效性的研究进展．重点讨论了近5年来中国东部浅水湖泊沉积物磷的形态分析、转化和生物有效性评估的现状,以及沉积物中磷形态与浅水湖泊富营养化之间的潜在联系． 相似文献
14.
15.
铁作为地壳中丰度最高的氧化还原敏感元素,对湖泊沉积物的氧化还原作用具有重要的指示意义.水生植物根系泌氧在根际形成微域的氧化圈,根际是氧化、还原同时发生的生物活跃区.以轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)为研究对象,利用微电极和荧光定量PCR探讨根系泌氧作用对沉积物中典型铁氧化菌(嘉利翁氏菌)和典型铁还原菌(地杆菌)的影响.结果表明,轮叶黑藻生长迅速,通过根系泌氧作用影响沉积物中铁的价态和形态,是根际铁循环的重要参数,并对根际微区微生物有一定的影响.根系泌氧使根际嘉利翁氏菌和地杆菌数量增加,进一步影响根际微生物铁循环.实验结果可为微生物对根际铁循环的研究提供一定的理论基础. 相似文献
16.
Barbara Sulzberger Jerald L. Schnoor Rudolf Giovanoli Janet G. Hering Jürg Zobrist 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1990,52(1):56-74
In this paper, the fate of iron in Lake Cristallina, an acidic lake in the Alps of Switzerland, is discussed. A simple conceptual model is developed in order to explain the observed diel variation in dissolved iron(II) concentration. Biotite weathering provides reduced iron that is oxidized and subsequently precipitated in the lake. The amorphous Fe(III)hydroxide (FeOOH xH2O), found in the sediments of Lake Cristallina, is an Fe(II) oxidation product. This oxygenation reaction is most probably catalyzed by bacteria surfaces, as indicated by the relatively high estimated oxidation rate compared to the oxidation rate of the homogeneous oxidation of inorganic Fe(II) species at the ambient pH of Lake Cristallina (pH 5.4 at 4 °C) and by the scanning electron micrograph pictures. Under the influence of light, these amorphous iron(III)hydroxide phases are reductively dissolved. The net concentration of Fe(II) reflects the balance of the reductive dissolution and the oxidation/precipitation reactions and tends to parallel the light intensity, leading to a diurnal variation in the Fe(II) concentration. The rate of the photochemical reductive dissolution of Lake Cristallina iron(III)hydroxides is greatly enhanced in situ and in the laboratory by addition of oxalate to the lake water. 相似文献
17.
A. N. Dzyuban 《Water Resources》2014,41(3):344-351
Traits have been revealed in the microbial processes of methane formation and organic matter destruction in bottom sediments of technogenic water bodies, in which at the abundance of Corg compounds, including toxic, dissolved oxygen deficiency, and low redox potential, organic matter decay in sediments is mostly anaerobic with the predominance of methanogenesis and sulfate reduction. Data on major microbial processes are used to calculate the total sludge destruction; it is maximal in the sediments of low-toxicity technogenic water bodies; organic matter destruction in them is mostly due to methanogenesis; it is minimal in high-toxicity water bodies, the share of sulfate reduction in them increases, and that of methanogenesis decreases. 相似文献
18.
Melanie Beck Jürgen Köster Bert Engelen Jan M. Holstein Antje Gittel Martin Könneke Thomas Riedel Kai Wirtz Heribert Cypionka Jürgen Rullkötter Hans-Jürgen Brumsack 《Ocean Dynamics》2009,59(2):371-383
Microbial activity in permeable tidal flat margin sediments is enhanced by two main processes. First, organic matter is supplied
by rapid sedimentation at prograding tidal flat margins. Second, surface and deep pore water advection lead to a replenishment
of the dissolved organic matter and sulfate pools. Increasing microbial activity towards the low water line is reflected in
sulfate and methane profiles as well as in total cell numbers, sulfate reduction rates, and remineralization products. The
impact of high sedimentation rates on pore water biogeochemistry is confirmed by inverse modeling reproducing the depth profiles
obtained by measurements. In central parts of the tidal flats, low sedimentation rates and pore water flow velocities limit
microbial activity despite the high availability of electron acceptors for microbial respiration such as sulfate. Therefore,
tidal flat margins with high microbial activity are of special importance for budgeting biogeochemical cycling in tidal flat
areas. 相似文献
19.
湖泊氮、磷通量是表征湖泊营养状态的重要指标,也是探究湖泊富营养化机制的重要途径.通过氮、磷通量的计算和质量平衡关系的分析,可以识别出在湖泊富营养化过程中起关键作用的过程.以三维水动力-水质模型为计算平台,模拟湖泊水动力、水质的动态过程,并以模拟结果为基础核算湖泊氮、磷循环通量及其在氮、磷循环整体中的贡献,识别湖泊氮、磷循环关键源汇过程的变化规律.滇池是我国富营养化湖泊的代表,同时其半封闭特性为营养物质循环提供了更为稳定的环境,以滇池为案例,基于前期校正和验证过的滇池水动力-水质模型来分析循环通量计算方法的适用性.结果发现,研究年度内滇池外海总氮的年总输入量(包括外源和内源)为7620.92 t,总输出量(包括出流、反硝化和沉降)为7637.31 t;总磷的年总输入量为(包括外源和内源)450.23 t,总输出量(包括出流和沉降)为429.57 t,其中陆域输入是最主要的氮、磷输入途径,而反硝化和沉降则是主要的输出过程.相较于传统的质量平衡方法,通过三维模型计算所得的营养盐通量平衡结果能更好地揭示湖体内所发生的氮、磷转化过程. 相似文献
20.
Jie Ma Hui Liu Lei Tong Yan Wang Rong Chen Shan Liu Lei Zhao Zhimin Li Liegang Cai 《水文研究》2019,33(14):1993-2005
This study explores linkages between the microbial composition and hydrochemical variables of pristine groundwater to identify active redox conditions and processes. Two confined aquifers underlying the city of Qianjiang in the Jianghan Plain in China were selected for this study, having different recharge sources and strong hydrochemical gradients. Typical methods for establishing redox processes according to threshold concentration criteria for geochemical parameters suggest iron or sulphate reduction processes. High‐throughput 16S rRNA sequencing was used to obtain diversity and taxonomic information on microbial communities. Instead of revealing iron‐ and sulphate‐reducing bacteria, salt‐ and alkali‐tolerant bacteria, such as the phylum Firmicutes and the class Gammaproteobacteria, and in particular, the family Bacillaceae, were dominant in the downstream groundwater of the first aquifer that had high ion concentrations caused by the dissolution of calcite and dolomite; meanwhile, the heterotrophic microaerophilic families Comamonadaceae and Rhodocyclaceae prevailed in the upstream groundwater of the first aquifer. Sulphate‐reducing bacteria were extremely abundant in the upstream groundwater of the second aquifer, as the SO42? concentration was especially high. Methanogens and methanotrophs were predominant in the downstream groundwater of the second aquifer even though the concentration of SO42? was much higher than 0.5 mg L?1. The microbial communities, together with the geochemical parameters, indicated that the upstream region of the first aquifer was suboxic, that Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reductions were not the main redox processes in the downstream groundwater of the first aquifer with high Fe and Mn concentrations, and that the redox processes in the upstream and downstream regions of the second confined aquifer were SO42? reduction and methanogenesis, respectively. This study expands understanding of the linkages between microbial communities and hydrogeochemistry in pristine groundwaters and provides more evidence for identifying active redox conditions and processes. 相似文献