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1.
为了研究一种高效的多种重金属污染土壤修复剂,本文采用了一种具有OH -缓释功能的改性Mg（OH） 2,通过重金属污染土壤稳定化修复实验,探讨了改性Mg（OH） 2对污染土壤中多种重金属（Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn）的稳定效率及对多种重金属形态分布的影响。结果表明,投加改性Mg（OH） 2对土壤中多种重金属均有稳定作用,对Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn的稳定效率分别为72.42%、34.53%、87.64%和97.65%,且改性Mg（OH） 2的投加使重金属交换态质量明显减少、残渣态质量增加,进一步提高了重金属的稳定性,降低了重金属生物有效性;另外,改性Mg（OH） 2具有OH -缓释性,可使土壤长期保持一定的碱性,是一种经济有效的土壤修复剂。 相似文献
2.
研究青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草甸土壤CO 2通量有助于准确估算该区域的土壤CO 2排放, 对认识高原土壤碳循环及其对全球气候变化的响应具有重要意义. 利用静态箱-气相色谱法和LI-8100土壤CO 2通量自动测量系统对疏勒河上游多年冻土区高寒草甸土壤CO 2通量进行了定期观测, 结合气象和土壤环境因子进行了分析. 结果表明: 整个观测期高寒草甸土壤表现为CO 2的源, 土壤CO 2通量的日变化范围为2.52～532.81 mg·m -2·h -1. 土壤CO 2年排放总量为1 429.88 g·m -2, 年均通量为163.23 mg·m -2·h -1; 其中, CO 2通量与空气温度和相对湿度、活动层表层2 cm、10 cm、20 cm、30 cm 土壤温度、含水量和盐分均显著相关. 2 cm土壤温度、空气温度和总辐射、空气温度、2 cm土壤盐分分别是影响活动层表层2 cm土壤完全融化期、冻结过程期、完全冻结期、融化过程期土壤CO 2通量的最重要因子. 在完全融化期、冻结过程期和整个观测期, 拟合最佳的温度因子变化分别能够解释土壤CO 2通量变化的72.0%、82.0%和38.0%, 对应的Q 10值分别为1.93、6.62和2.09. 冻融期(含融化过程期和冻结过程期)和完全冻结期的土壤CO 2排放量分别占年排放总量的15.35%和11.04%, 在年排放总量估算中不容忽视. 相似文献
3.
Reaction of iodide [I −(aq)] with a series of volcanic-ash soils was compared with reaction onto noncrystalline materials that constitute much of the inorganic fraction of these soils, Our hypothesis is that these high-surface-area materials account for iodide retention by providing sites for anion exchange. Iodide sorption onto imogolite and ferrihydrite is rapid (<30 min) but not particularly extensive; imogolite has a threefold to fourfold greater affinity for iodide compared to ferrihydrite on a mass basis. In contrast, rates of iodide retention by volcanic-ash soils were slow and did not attain a steady-state after 300 h. The extent of this largely irreversible reaction can be attenuated by sterilization, but it cannot be suppressed. The iodide retained by the soils can only be completely recovered by treatment with boiling 2 M sodium hydroxide. The amount of iodide retention by soils was inversely correlated with pH, but showed no relationship with organic matter concentration, surface area, or imogolite and ferrihydrite concentrations. The reaction of iodide with the volcanic-ash soils is consistent with a rapid initial uptake by soil mineral surfaces, followed by a slower reaction of soil organic matter with oxidized forms of iodide. Under our experimental conditions, iodide is likely slowly oxidized by dissolved oxygen to molecular iodine. Solutions of molecular iodine [I2(aq)] react relatively quickly with laboratory-grade humic acid solutions and the rate increases with increasing pH. The slow rate of iodination is consistent with the continual formation and reaction of I2(aq)] or HOI(aq) by titration with soil organic matter. 相似文献
4.
土壤冻融特征曲线是反映冻土强度、冻土的热性质和土壤冻融过程中的水分和盐分迁移规律的重要参数.为了研究不同植物养分对不同土壤冻融过程的影响,采用NMR法对加入5种不同溶质的4种土壤的冻融特征曲线进行了测定与分析.结果表明:混合Ⅱ5%溶液均对这4种土壤的冻融特征曲线影响最明显,Ca(NO 3) 2 5%溶液次之,再次为加入K 2S0 4和混合Ⅰ5%溶液的,P 2O 5 5%溶液最小.这主要是由于在负温下不同溶质的溶解度和土壤对不同溶质的固持作用等不同所致.在加入相同溶液的情况下,康平下层土壤的冻融特征曲线明显低于其它3种土壤,而这3种土壤之间未冻水含量高低次序随所加入的溶质不同而不同.各试样的冻融特征曲线均出现了滞后现象. 相似文献
5.
通过模拟人工冻结凿井中冻土冻结、受力的实际过程,对已冻结试样进行不同温度、不同初始围压状态下的减载试验研究.结果表明:温度和土层深度是影响深部冻土破坏强度和破坏应变的主要因素,当温度不变时,破坏强度和破坏应变随初始围压呈线性关系变化.破坏强度受温度的影响取决于初始围压,在低初始围压状态下,冻土的破坏强度受温度变化影响不明显,但随着初始围压增大即土层深度加深,破坏强度受温度的影响也逐渐明显.破坏应变随温度的降低而逐渐减小,且呈双曲线形变化,但当温度低于 - 7℃时,在不同初始围压下其破坏应变基本不随温度的变化而变化 相似文献
6.
若尔盖高原草甸土氧化大气CH 4的速率为-0.092～0.125 ng·g -1·h -1,氧化速率随着土壤深度的增加而减小,深度超过25cm的土层没有氧化大气CH 4的潜力;而高原泥炭土CH 4排放速率为0.236～1.088 ng·g -1·h -1,排放速率亚表层土(10～25 cm)最大.两种土壤均能氧化高浓度CH 4,泥炭土氧化大气浓度CH 4的速率是草甸土的15～22倍.两种土壤不同层次氧化高浓度CH 4的潜力都没有显著差异.降水减少或人为排水导致的泥炭地水位下降,将加强若尔盖高原土壤氧化CH 4从而减少CH 4排放. 相似文献
7.
This study examines the effect of loss of apparent cohesion from rainwater infiltration upon the stability of partly saturated, allophanic soil slopes of Dominica (West Indies). The parent material of the Dominican allophanic soils are the andesitic and dacitic volcanic rocks from ten volcanic centres of mainly Pleistocene age. Although simplifying assumptions are made to assess the depth of wetting front and magnitudes of true and apparent cohesion values of the partly saturated allophanic soils, certain inferences of practical significance emerge from the study. Matric suction contributes to the effective stress of unsaturated soils and increases the shear strength of these soils by imparting them an apparent cohesion strength component. This apparent cohesion strength component of the partly saturated Dominician allophanic soils is considered to be related to the matric suction term (ua−uw) by a parabolic relationship. The partly saturated allophanic soil slopes of Dominica would invariably fail from loss of apparent cohesion upon saturation of the soil mantle by the infiltrating water front only if (a) the average slope angle (β) is greater than or equal to the drained shear strength parameter of the unsaturated soil (Φd) (slopes with β ≥ Φd are referred to as category 1 slopes in this study) and (b) the drained cohesion parameter (cd) belonging to the partly saturated soil of the category 1 slope is mainly contributed by matric suction induced apparent cohesion (capp) and contribution from true cohesion (c′) is absent. However, the possibility of the category 1 slopes (for the case 1 situation) failing in the saturated condition from effective stress reduction due to rise in ground water table is shown to be an unfeasible proposition. In contrast, for the case 1 situation, the partly saturated category 2 slopes (β < Φd) are insusceptible to failure from reduction in effective stress due to loss of matric suction but fail in the saturated condition from effective stress reduction due to rise in ground water table. If the allophanic soils were to possess a sufficient magnitude of true cohesion (c′), even the partly saturated category 1 slopes possessing slope angles (β) much in excess of their Φd values (β − Φd = 15.1°) would remain stable upon total elimination of the matric suction induced cohesion. However, partly saturated category 1 slopes possessing a true cohesion component and insusceptible to failure from reduction in effective stress upon loss of matric suction, invariably fail in the saturated condition from reduction in effective stress due to rise in ground water table. Using the methodology developed in this study, two previously reported case histories pertaining to rain induced translational landslides in the residual soil areas of Brazil are re-examined and the results obtained in this study are found to be in agreement with the findings of the previous researchers. 相似文献
8.
Reflectance spectroscopy is important for placing lunar samples into a regional and global geologic context. To this end, the ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) color ratio, used to estimate the TiO 2 composition of mature mare basalts, has been one of the most widely used spectral parameters in lunar exploration. We examine the correlation between UV–vis color and TiO 2 content using a combination of Clementine, Lunar Prospector, and sample data to document the extent to which color is dependent upon TiO 2. Examination of the remotely sensed data reveals that the correlation between UV–vis ratio and TiO 2 composition is best represented by a sigmoidal trend rather than the canonical linear or curvilinear correlation. With this information, we are then able to evaluate between two models that propose different explanations for the relationship between UV–vis color and TiO 2. The first model attributes the correlation between TiO 2 and UV–vis color to spectrally neutral opaques (i.e., ilmenite), while the other emphasizes the effect of Fe–Ti charge-transfer in lunar glasses and dual scattering mechanisms between high- and low-Ti basalts. We do not find evidence in the spectral data to support the occurrence of Fe–Ti charge-transfer in lunar glass as the principal cause for color in high-Ti basalts. The data also do not substantiate the existence of different scattering mechanisms (e.g., volume v. surface scattering) between high- and low-TiO 2 basalts. Instead, our analyses substantiate that the spectral effects of ilmenite exhibit a major influence over the UV–vis ratio. By including sample data we find that in addition to ilemenite/TiO 2 content, factors such as FeO content, ilmenite grain size, modal abundance of plagioclase, and the olivine-to-pyroxene ratio in a mare soils can influence the UV–vis continuum. These findings point to promising avenues of research that future UV–vis spectral techniques can exploit in order to yield more accurate TiO 2 estimates and potentially additional petrologic information. 相似文献
9.
硒是生态环境中重要的微量元素之一,如何准确评估其生物有效性一直存在争议。在四川省广安市邻水县采集了60套农作物及其根系土样品,分析其Se含量和理化性质。同时基于梯度扩散膜技术对土壤有效Se含量进行分析,并对土壤有效Se含量的影响因素进行探究。结果表明,研究区土壤Se含量为0.15~2.42 mg/kg,均值为0.48 mg/kg,不同类型土壤Se含量差异明显,石灰土(1.06 mg/kg)>黄壤(0.78 mg/kg)>紫色土(0.28 mg/kg)>水稻土(0.27 mg/kg)。石灰土和黄壤有机质含量和总铁(TFe 2O 3)含量明显高于其他类型土壤。研究区内不同类型土壤的DGT-Se明显不同,与土壤Se含量分布相反。相关性分析表明土壤DGT-Se与Se含量、TFe 2O 3含量、S含量、有机质含量、pH值、Al 2O 3含量显著相关,受理化性质影响导致不同类型土壤中DGT-Se的差异。水稻根系土壤DGT-Se与水稻籽实Se含量显著正相关,用DGT可以较好地表达水稻-根系土系统中土壤Se的生物有效性。基于DGT技术评估预测区域尺度农业土壤有效Se含量时,需充分考虑土壤类型及其理化性质。 相似文献
10.
随着我国经济社会的快速发展,土壤重金属的超标问题越来越突出,尤其是Cd。土壤Cd活动性受到各种因素的影响,但成土母质对土壤Cd活动性影响的研究成果还鲜有报道。以珠江三角洲为研究区,系统采集了由第四纪沉积物、酸性侵入岩和陆源碎屑岩3种不同成土母质发育形成的水稻土样品235件,查明了土壤理化特征,探讨了Cd全量及其活动态的影响因素。结果表明：不同成土母质发育形成的水稻土理化性质、Cd全量及其活动态的影响因素存在差异。第四纪沉积物发育形成的水稻土CaO、K 2O、Na 2O、TFe 2O 3、阳离子交换量(CEC)、pH、有机质、黏粒平均含量显著高于酸性侵入岩和陆源碎屑岩,Cd超标最为严重,不同方法提取的Cd活动态含量也最高;陆源碎屑岩发育形成的水稻土中Cd全量与土壤理化指标的相关性均强于其他两类成土母质;酸性侵入岩发育形成的水稻土中Cd全量与土壤理化指标的相关性较弱。Cd全量对其活动态含量有重要影响,此外,第四纪沉积物发育的水稻土中Cd活动态含量与pH、有机质和TFe 2O 3 相似文献
11.
定量分析了青藏高原各类草地0～0.65m深度范围内有机碳储量,结果表明:青藏高原总面积为1.6027×10hm 2的草地有机碳量达到335.1973×10 8tC,其中以高原草甸土和高原草原土有机碳积累量为主,两者之和达到232.36×10 8tC,占全国土壤有机碳量的23.44%,是全球土壤碳库的2.4%.在有机碳储量分析的基础上,按土壤碳释放的两种主要途径:土壤呼吸作用和土地利用方式变化与草地退化,对草地土壤碳排放进行了估算,揭示出青藏高原草地土壤通过呼吸每年排放的CO 2达到11.7×10 8tC·a -1,约占中国土壤呼吸总量的2.3%,明显高于全国乃至全球平均值;近30a来,青藏高原草地土壤由于土地利用变化和草地退化所释放的CO 2估计约有30.23×10 8tC.保护青藏高原草地对于全球变化意义重大.定量分析了青藏高原各类草地0～0.65m深度范围内有机碳储量,结果表明:青藏高原总面积为1.6027×10hm 2的草地有机碳量达到335.1973×10 8tC,其中以高原草甸土和高原草原土有机碳积累量为主,两者之和达到232.36×10 8tC,占全国土壤有机碳量的23.44%,是全球土壤碳库的2.4%.在有机碳储量分析的基础上,按土壤碳释放的两种主要途径:土壤呼吸作用和土地利用方式变化与草地退化,对草地土壤碳排放进行了估算,揭示出青藏高原草地土壤通过呼吸每年排放的CO 2达到11.7×10 8tC·a -1,约占中国土壤呼吸总量的2.3%,明显高于全国乃至全球平均值;近30a来,青藏高原草地土壤由于土地利用变化和草地退化所释放的CO 2估计约有30.23×10 8tC.保护青藏高原草地对于全球变化意义重大. 相似文献
12.
The Komati Formation of the Barberton greenstone belt (BGB), South Africa, is composed of both Al-undepleted and -depleted komatiites. The Al-undepleted komatiites are characterised by Al 2O 3/TiO 2 and CaO/Al 2O 3 ratios of 15–18 and 1.1–1.5, respectively, and exhibit chondritic trace element contents and (Gd/Yb) N ratios. In contrast, the Al-depleted komatiites show significantly lower Al 2O 3/TiO 2 ratios of 8–12, highly variable CaO/Al 2O 3 (0.19–2.81) ratios combined with (Gd/Yb) N ratios varying from 1.08 to 1.56. A Sm–Nd whole rock isochron for komatiites of the Komati Formation gives an age of 3657±170 Ma. 147Sm/ 144Nd ratios (0.1704 and 0.1964) are all lower than the chondritic value of 0.1967. The komatiite i,Nd(3.45) values cluster at +1.9±0.7. Trace element distribution indicates that most of the primary geochemical and isotopic features of the komatiites were preserved in line with the conservation of the primary chemical composition of clinopyroxene. High field strength element and rare earth element abundances indicate that crustal contamination and post-crystallisation processes did not disturb the primary features of komatiites. The Sm/Nd and Nb/U ratios of komatiites indicate that the Barberton greenstone belt mantle source has undergone melt extraction prior to komatiite formation. Variations of Al2O3/TiO2, (Gd/Yb)N, Zr/Sm and Sm/Nd ratios of komatiites indicate that a batch melting of slightly depleted mantle source during with garnet and/or clinopyroxene remained in the residue can produce the geochemical isotopic feature of the Barberton greenstone belt komatiites. Typical geochemical fingerprints of subduction-related processes (LILE enrichment, HFSE depletion compared to REE), as known from modern subduction zones, are not observed. Komatiites exhibit Ti/Zr, La/Nb, Nb/U, Sr/Nd and Ba/La ratios comparable to those of oceanic island basalt and mid-ocean ridge basalt. (La/Nb)PMN, (Sm/Yb)PMN, positive δNb values and flat or slightly enriched REE patterns suggest that BGB komatiites are part of an oceanic plateau rather than an oceanic island such as Iceland. Therefore, an oceanic plateau or mid-ocean ridge, in connection with an oceanic plateau, such as Ontong Java plateau or Caribbean–Colombian oceanic plateau, is a suitable tectonic setting for the formation of the BGB komatiites. 相似文献
13.
为了系统地探讨洞庭湖平原土壤铅(Pb)活动性特征及其影响因素,本次研究在常德市、益阳市、株洲市共采集了110件水稻根系土样品,讨论了土壤Pb活动态含量和活动系数与有机质、pH值、阳离子交换量(CEC)等土壤理化性质的相关性,并据此建立了Pb活动态含量和活动系数的预测模型。研究结果表明:土壤Pb含量、pH值、有机质含量、CEC和风化程度都是影响Pb活动态含量及活动系数的主要因素。pH值、CEC和有机质含量都会影响土壤缓冲能力,进而影响Pb的活动性。土壤Cd含量和Zn/Pb值也与Pb活动态含量有显著相关性;在不同的浓度梯度内,Cd与Pb的交互作用不同;土壤具有较高的Zn/Pb 值时,Pb活动态含量较低。采用逐步回归法建立了土壤Pb活动态含量以及活动系数的预测模型,土壤Pb活动态含量用土壤pH、Pb含量、CEC和Na 2O/K 2O值进行预测,活动态系数用pH、CEC、SiO 2/Al 2O 3值进行预测,预测效果均较好。 相似文献
14.
Highly insoluble Ce-bearing phosphate minerals form by weathering of apatite [Ca 5(PO 4) 3.(OH,F,Cl)], and are important phosphorous repositories in soils. Although these phases can be dissolved via biologically-mediated pathways, the dissolution mechanisms are poorly understood. In this paper we report spectroscopic evidence to support coupling of redox transformations of organic carbon and cerium during the reaction of rhabdophane (CePO 4·H 2O) and catechol, a ubiquitous biogenic compound, at pH 5. Results show that the oxic–anoxic conditions influence the mineral dissolution behavior. Under anoxic conditions, the release of P and Ce occurs stoichiometrically. In contrast, under oxic conditions, the mineral dissolution behavior is incongruent, with dissolving Ce 3+ ions oxidizing to CeO 2. Reaction product analysis shows the formation of CO 2, polymeric C, and oxalate and malate. The presence of more complex forms of organic carbon was also confirmed. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy measurements at Ce-M 4,5 and C-K absorption edges on reacted CePO 4·H 2O samples in the absence or presence of catechol and dissolved oxygen confirm that (1) the mineral surface converts to the oxide during this reaction, while full oxidation is limited to the near-surface region only; (2) the Ce valence remains unchanged when the reaction between CePO 4·H 2O and O 2 but in the absence of catechol. Carbon K-edge spectra acquired from rhabdophane reacted with catechol under oxic conditions show spectral features before and after reaction that are considerably different from catechol, indicating the formation of more complex organic molecules. Decreases in intensity of characteristic catechol peaks are accompanied by the appearance of new π * resonances due to carbon in carboxyl (ca. 288.5 eV) and carbonyl (ca. 289.3 eV) groups, and the development of broad structure in the σ * region characteristic of aliphatic carbon. Evolution of the C K-edge spectra is consistent with aromatic-ring cleavage and polymerization. These results further substantiate that the presence of catechol, O 2 (aq) causes both the oxidation of structural Ce 3+ and the transformation of catechol to more complex organic molecules. Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy measurements at the C K and Ce M 4,5 edges indicate three dominant organic species, varying in complexity and association with the inorganic phase. Untransformed catechol is loosely associated with CeO 2, whereas more complex organic molecules that exhibit lower aromaticity and stronger CO π * resonances of carboxyl-C and carbonyl-C groups are only found in association with the grains. These results further serve as basis to postulate that, in the presence of O 2, CeO 2 can mediate the oxidative polymerization of catechol to form higher molecular weight polymers. The present work provides evidence for a pathway of biologically-induced, non-enzymatic oxidation of cerium and formation of small CeO 2 particles at room temperature. These findings may have implications for carbon cycling in natural and cerium-contaminated soils and aqueous environments. 相似文献
15.
土壤次生碳酸盐碳氧稳定同位素特征是反映古气候与古环境的重要代用指标,其碳氧稳定同位素组成分别受土壤CO2中C同位素组成和大气水的O同位素控制。在一定深度的土壤中,土壤次生碳酸盐δ^13C就主要受当地植物类型(C3植物和C4植物等)控制。土壤次生碳酸盐样预处理中剔除土壤中原生碳酸盐以及有机物污染尤为重要。土壤中次生碳酸盐C、O稳定同位素地球化学在土壤发生学、古气候恢复、古生态重建以及全球变化研究中应用日益广泛,但解译时可能受应用年代范围、成岩作用、原生和次生碳酸盐混杂、土壤碳酸盐多元发生等因素影响,其应用机理和范围还需进一步探讨。 相似文献
16.
为了研究土壤常量元素来源及分布特征,分析了华东多目标地球化学调查区表层土壤和深层土壤常量元素质量分数的关系,以及不同成土母质发育的土壤常量元素质量分数之间的相互关系。结果显示：在该地区表层土壤和深层土壤中,常量元素存在显著相关性,质量分数比值为0.75～1.04,说明该区域表层土壤常量元素与深层土壤属于同一物质来源,主要来源于成土母质;常量元素在不同地质单元区土壤质量分数的高低及变异系数的大小除了成土母质原因,元素自身地球化学性质也是其主要影响因素;元素之间相关性及因子分析很好地区分出了在该地区成土过程中元素共生组合特征,即CaO-MgO-Na 2O、Al 2O 3-TFe 2O 3-K 2O、SiO 23个组合。通过分析可以得出在该地区表层土壤常量元素对成土母质有良好继承性,因此能够利用表层土壤元素组合特征和质量分数高低在一定程度上辨别该地区土壤的成土母质岩性、来源和土壤机械组成。 相似文献
17.
以珠江三角洲平原为研究区域,对其7个区县102件水稻根系土样品进行土壤理化参数及Pb形态分析,探讨在第四系分布区土壤Pb全量及Pb活动态含量的特征及影响因素。结果表明:全部供试土壤样品中Pb元素平均含量为46.47mg/kg,略高于广东省土壤Pb含量背景值(36mg/kg),表现出一定的累积趋势。研究区自西北陆相沉积区至南部海陆交互相沉积区,元素含量增高。Pb元素主要以残渣态和铁锰氧化物形态赋存在土壤中,迁移能力弱。影响土壤Pb全量的因素主要有Al2O3、K2O、Tl、Mo;影响土壤Pb活动态的因素有Pb全量、pH、有机质、CEC、P、TFe2O3、Mn;其中,p H是控制Pb元素活动性的最主要因素。 相似文献
18.
Grossular–wollastonite–scapolite calc–silicate granulites from Maligawila in the Buttala klippe, which form part of the overthrusted rocks of the Highland Complex of Sri Lanka, preserve a number of spectacular coronas and replacement textures that could be effectively used to infer their P–T–fluid history. These textures include coronas of garnet, garnet–quartz, and garnet–quartz–calcite at the grain boundaries of wollastonite, scapolite, and calcite as well as calcite–plagioclase and calcite–quartz symplectites or finer grains after scapolite and wollastonite respectively. Other textures include a double rind of coronal scapolite and coronal garnet between matrix garnet and calcite. The reactions that produced these coronas and replacement textures, except those involving clinopyroxene, are modelled in the CaO–Al 2O 3–SiO 2–CO 2 system using the reduced activities. Calculated examples of T– XCO2 and P– XCO2 projections indicate that the peak metamorphic temperature of about 900–875 °C at a pressure of 9 kbar and the peak metamorphic fluid composition is constrained to be low in XCO2 (0.1< XCO2<0.30). Interpretation of the textural features on the basis of the partial grids revealed that the calc–silicate granulites underwent high-temperature isobaric cooling, from about 900–875 °C to a temperature below 675 °C, following the peak metamorphism. The late-stage cooling was accompanied by an influx of hydrous fluids. The calc–silicate granulites provide evidence for high-temperature isobaric cooling in the meta-sediments of the Highland Complex, earlier considered by some workers to be confined exclusively to the meta-igneous rocks. The coronal scapolite may have formed under open-system metasomatism. 相似文献
19.
为了研究不同盐碱程度旱田和水田土壤有机碳（SOC）矿化对氮、磷添加的响应,定量化其激发效应的大小和方向,选择了吉林西部3块盐碱旱田样地（H1,H2,H3）和3块盐碱水田样地（S1,S2,S3）,采用实验室模拟培养,将无机营养素（（NH 4） 2SO 4、KNO 3和KH 2PO 4）以7种形式添加到0~15 cm表层土壤样本中,在25 ℃恒温箱内连续监测32 d的CO 2释放量,分析7种氮、磷添加处理对SOC矿化和激发效应的影响。结果表明：1）按7种处理形式分别添加200 mg/kg和1 000 mg/kg氮或磷,SOC矿化量和矿化速率均增加了158.5%~876.5%;同一添加物的质量分数越高,SOC矿化量越大,且随着培养时间延长,SOC矿化速率呈逐渐降低的趋势。2）在培养期间,各添加组均产生了正激发效应。3）在培养期间,部分处理组的SOC矿化、激发效应和碱化度表现出显著负相关性（显著性水平 p<0.05）。碱化度越大,SOC矿化作用和激发效应越弱;矿化作用越大,正激发效应越低。4）与水田土壤相比,旱田SOC矿化和激发效应对添加氮、磷的响应更大。 相似文献
20.
Soils contain a diverse and complex set of chemicals and minerals. Being an ‘open system’, both in the chemical and nuclear sense, soils have defied quantitative nuclear dating. However, based on the published studies of the cosmogenic atmospheric 10Be in soils, its relatively long half-life (1.5 Ma), and the fact that 10Be gets quickly incorporated in most soil minerals, this radionuclide appears to be potentially the most useful for soil dating. We therefore studied the natural variations in the specific activities of 10Be with respect to the isotope 9Be in mineral phases in eight profiles of diverse soils from temperate to tropical climatic regimes and evaluated the implications of the data for determining the time of formation of soil minerals, following an earlier suggestion [Lal et al., 1991. Development of cosmogenic nuclear methods for the study of soil erosion and formation rates. Current Sci. 61, 636–639.]. We find that the 10Be/ 9Be ratios in both bulk soils and in the authigenic mineral phases are confined within a narrower range than in 10Be concentrations. Also, the highest 10Be/ 9Be ratios in authigenic minerals are observed at the soil-rock interface as predicted by the model. We present model 10Be/ 9Be ages of the B-horizon and the corresponding soil formation rates for several soil profiles. The present study demonstrates that the 10Be/ 9Be ratios in the authigenic phases, e.g. clay and Fe-hydroxides, can indeed be used for obtaining useful model ages for soils younger than 10–15 Ma. However, the present work has to be pushed considerably further, to take into account more realistic age models in which, for instance, downward transport 10Be and clays, and in-situ dissolution of clay minerals at depths, altering the 10Be/ 9Be ratios of the acidic solutions, are included. We show that in the case of younger soils (< 1 Ma) studied here, their 10Be inventories and 10Be/ 9Be ratios have been significantly disturbed possibly by mixing with transported soils. 相似文献
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