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1.
部分山区小河及北方平原河流在枯水季节经常出现水深很小、流速缓慢的情形,在水深小于0.2米时,LS68-2型仍感体积过大,干扰水流,影响测速精度。因此需要有一种体积更小的低流速仪,以满足浅水低速测流的要求。这种流速仪需具备体积小、灵敏度高的特点。但体积小必然感应部件也小,相对地讲灵敏度要受到限制。二者是有一定的矛盾的。在研制LS43型旋杯式浅水低流速仪过程中,经过多次反复试验,感应部件采用旋杯型转子,上下均用顶针,宝石顶窝支承系统支承,讯号发生采用无触点式,从而比较好地解决了这一矛盾,由于利用水阻的变化发出讯 相似文献
2.
介绍了一种水文缆道流速仪防水草装置。该装置安装在水文缆道测流用流速仪前方，既可防止水草缠绕流速仪桨叶、确保流速仪正常工作，又不影响测流精度，具有结构简单、造价低廉、装卸方便的特点，是一种很实用的流量测验防护设施。 相似文献
3.
众所周知,流速仪检定公式(V=Kn C),以往均使用特定的水槽进行检定。由于检定设备投资大,技术性强,检定工作量大,周期长,费用高,使传统的水槽检定法很不适应我国流速仪生产和使用、维修的需要。为此,本文提出一种非流体动力学检定方法,即通过测定旋桨几何螺距和支承系统摩阻力矩,来确定检定系数K、C值。实践证明,此法简单、方便,精度能满足要求。特别是在使用和检修 相似文献
4.
一、问题的提出目前,大多数水文站的缆道测流,通常使用LS25-1型旋桨式流速仪。流速仪安装在铅鱼头部,用“I”字形或“L”字形流速仪支架(分别见图1(a)、(b)),这种安装方法对水深较深、流速较大的河流是适用的。但对受到人工调节以及宽浅型河流,水深、流速变化较大,单独用LS25-1型一种流速仪测流是不可能的,同时也保证不了测流精度。在超过LS25-1型流速仪测量范围下限时,必须用LS78-2型旋杯式低速流速仪才能测到流速。由于LS78-2型流速仪的形状结构所限,使之不能安装在图1所示 相似文献
5.
近年来不少測站上的同志反映,旋杯流速仪測量的結果和旋桨流速仪測量的不一样,二者常有显然的系統誤差,以那一种測量的結果为准,难以适从,因此,給測站資料整理带来一些困难。关于旋杯和旋桨流速仪的性能問題,国內外在这方面曾做过一些試驗研究,查 相似文献
6.
悬索缆道测流,往往使流速仪形成垂直偏角,对流速有一定影响.分别率定了LS25-1型旋桨流速仪和LS68-1型旋杯流速仪在不同下倾角时与流速的关系流速仪的垂直偏角对流速有明显影响,并随偏角的加大而增加,偏角在10°以内影响不大;同时也率定了LS68-1型旋杯流速仪自动调整垂直下倾角时与流速的关系,下倾角在10°～30°以内对流速无明显变化,超过30°时,流速系统偏小.解决办法是(1)流速小有偏角时用LS68-1型旋杯流速仪,流速大时用LS25-3型旋桨流速仪,二者均有自动调平的功能;(2)合理选择铅鱼的型式和重量,本文提供了数据. 相似文献
7.
水利部松辽委黑龙江水文水资源勘测局、黑龙江省水文局和美国SonTek／YSI水文仪器公司合作，在黑龙江黑河地段的卡伦山水文站进行了冰期流量、流速和水深的比测研究。比测研究采用了SonTek／YSI的1．5MHz河猫Mini—ADP进行实测，并与先期采用机械式旋杯流速仪的实测资料进行比对。比测研究的目的是通过声学多普勒定点测流技术与标准的机械流速仪测量技术进行对比，验证声学多普勒剖面流速仪定点流量测量的精度，推广应用声学多普勒测流技术在封冰期测流的方法。 相似文献
8.
电波流速仪系数分析试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在水面流速系数与浮标系数对比分析的基础上，采用经验相关及经验公式等方法，对吴堡站水面流速系数进行了分析计算；采用吴堡站多年电波流速仪与LS25—1型旋桨式流速仪测流比测试验资料，对电渡流速仪系数进行了分析计算；对吴堡站水面流速系数、浮标系数及电波流速仪系数进行了综合对比分析。经分析，吴堡站电波流速仪系数为0．84，该系数不仅可用于该站的电波流速仪测验。亦可供其他使用该仪器的水文测站参考。 相似文献
9.
本语文论述用测定旋桨几何螺距和仪器摩阻力矩的方法，来确定旋桨流速仪检定方程的主参数Ｋ值，其精度可靠、方法简捷、实用和效率高。适用于大批量仪器检定，并有助于实现公式的标准化。 相似文献
10.
ＨＳＬＪ型流速仪计数器张广海马登月王学金（黄委会山东水文水资源局）前言目前，我国使用的流速仪大都是旋桨或旋杯式流速仪，仪器内部装有机械接触丝，流速的大小由接触丝在单位时间内的接触次数反映出来。所以，准确测记接通次数是保证测速质量的关键。现行的流速仪计... 相似文献
11.
国内外转子式流速仪检定方法分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
国内外转子式流速仪的检定原理、方法、设备差别不大,也都基本符合国际标准。西方先进国家对具体检定方法、检定成果表达形式、检定误差表示方法等方面考虑比较完善,有利于实际测速应用和测得数据的误差评估。国内流速仪检定方法有必要在上述有关方面进行相应修订,以完善转子式流速仪的计量性能,有利于水资源水量计量的准确性评价。 相似文献
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13.
The discharge of taconite tailings into Lake Superior at Silver Bay, Minnesota, produces turbidity current flow. The silty fine-sand tailings fraction transported to the deepest part of the lake has formed a small fan with valleys similar in gross morphology to a submarine fan. Current meters anchored 5 m above the lake floor over the wall and over the levee of a distributary valley on the fan recorded intermittent turbidity current flows during 30 weeks in 1972–73. At least twenty-five discrete periods of observation of turbidity current flow were obtained; single episodes lasted 4?328+ h. Only flows thick enough to overflow the eastern levee of the valley could be observed, and this accounts for the intermittent nature of our observations, as flow within the valleys is expected to be continuous as long as tailings are discharged. Flow velocities were higher near the valley axis where the flow is thicker. Velocities measured over the valley wall averaged 10.8 cm/s for eleven episodes; velocities measured over the levee, more than 1/2 km from the valley axis, only 3.3 cm/s. The maximum velocity during 1300 h of observation did not exceed 31 cm/s. This agrees reasonably well with velocities calculated from channel properties, as commonly done for turbidity currents on deep-sea fans. Current meters tethered above the bottom meters indicate that lake currents normally parallel the shore throughout the water column. With the onset of a turbidity current, currents higher in the water column remain unchanged but velocities near the bottom go to zero, currents then change azimuth by 90° to parallel the downslope (down-valley) direction of the fan, then increase in velocity. During a turbidity current episode, the direction of bottom flow stays relatively constant (± 20° of the down-valley trend) but the velocity oscillates (commonly with 10 cm/s amplitude), periods being of 1/2 h or less to several hours. Turbidity currents generated on Reserve Mining Company's delta are effective in carrying essentially all tailings discharged into the lake into deeper water, where they are deposited. 相似文献
14.
A general accurate solution to nonlinear shallow water equations is obtained in this paper. It describes the development of inertial oscillations on a rotating plane against a background sheared current of an arbitrary profile and explains the variety in the observed velocity hodographs of the inertial currents.
相似文献15.
Lin-Sen Li 《Astronomy Reports》2016,60(9):853-856
Variations of angular velocity of a rotating star on the upper main sequence due to mass loss driven by various mechanisms, like radiation, corpuscule ejection, and stellar wind, are examined. Expressions for the variations of angular velocity are derived by considering a model of a rotating star. The theoretical results show that the angular velocity decreaseswith time due tomass loss. The obtained results are applied to a hot fast-rotating star V1182 Aql (O9 V) and to Y Cyg (B0 V). 相似文献
16.
海峡是不同于三角洲、陆架的一类独特沉积环境,具有特殊的沉积作用组合。海峡的形态多样,长度为几千米至数百千米,深度为几十米至上千米; 海峡由狭窄区域向两端逐渐过渡为相对开阔海区,开阔海区大多深度相比海峡更深; 海峡的狭窄区域横截面积小、流体流速最大,通常以侵蚀地貌为特征; 流体流经狭窄区域后,由于海峡横截面积增加,导致流速向两端开阔海区域锐减,并表现为沉积地貌。浅水海峡通常以潮流为最主要的沉积作用,其他的沉积物搬运方式包括单向的海流和重力流; 深水海峡则以海流和重力流为主。海峡高能区沉积以砾石滞留和发育交错层理为特征,低能区表现为泥质沉积并发育流水砂纹; 在低海平面时期,暴露的浅水海峡以河流沉积作用为主; 海平面上升过程中,河流逐渐演化为三角洲/河口湾、海湾和贯通的海峡。 相似文献
17.
溪洛渡水电站出线竖井爆破振动效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对溪洛渡水电站左岸出线竖井开挖爆破的振动速度进行了现场测试。运用萨道夫斯基公式对测试数据进行回归分析,得到了竖井爆破掘进中地震波传播衰减公式。利用该式预测距离井底高程差为18.2～24.5 m处范围内测点的振动速度,并与实测数据进行对比。结果显示,竖井爆破振动的传播存在高程放大效应,水平振速放大系数约为1.49～2.24,垂直振速放大系数约为1.78～2.73;通过考虑高程效应对萨道夫斯基公式进行了修正,得到考虑高程因子的衰减公式,线性关系显著,对存在高程放大效应的爆破振动预测具有借鉴意义。运用动力有限元分析方法对竖井结构在爆炸冲击波荷载作用下的结构响应进行数值模拟,数值模拟结果与现场测试结果的对比表明,当相对高差不大时,两者整体趋势比较吻合,距离井底0～15 m,振动速度快速衰减,振动速度峰值衰减幅度超过总体幅度的60%;距离井底超过30 m,衰减不超过总幅度的10%。采用岩石-混凝土强度破坏准则对竖井构筑物在爆炸冲击荷载作用下的稳定性进行了强度校核,为竖井后续施工安全提供了参考。 相似文献
18.
Charles T. Roman 《Estuaries and Coasts》1984,7(3):259-264
Water volume discharge estimates were made at a sample cross-section of the Canary Creek salt marsh (Lewes, Delaware). To account for cross-sectional velocity variations, a dense spatial array of current meters was used. Simultaneous measurements were taken at hourly intervals over three complete tidal cycles. A practical method is presented whereby instantaneous average cross-sectional velocity, instantaneous cross-sectional discharge and tidal cycle discharge can be estimated from a dense current meter array, orideal data set. Based on theseideal estimates, it is shown that a simplified spatial array can be used to estimate water discharges within acceptable error limits. Instantaneous cross-sectional discharges and total tidal cycle discharges were estimated with uncertainties of ±11% and ±7%, respectively. To minimize errors when estimating material exchange between salt marshes and adjacent waters, it is suggested that a comprehensive assessment of cross-sectional lateral current velocity variations be conducted. 相似文献
19.
Donald Garofalo 《Estuaries and Coasts》1980,3(4):258-270
Average relative stream channel migration rates of .21 meters per year (.72 feet per year) for saline tidal wetland stream channels, and .32 meters per year (1.04 feet per year) for freshwater tidal wetland channels were calculated for a 32 year period (1940 to 1972) using photogrammetric techniques. Saline wetland stream channels averaged higher indices of sinuosity, i.e., the ratio of total channel length to linear downstream distance (1.95), when compared with sinuosities of freshwater tidal channels (1.46). The difference is attributed to differences in vegetation types and consequent soil holding capacity between saline and freshwater tidal wetland environments. Saline channels become entrenched because the banks are supported by dense root systems, while freshwater tidal channels flow through a more homogenous substrate and behave much like channels which cross mud-flats in the intertidal zone. Higher average meander amplitudes (one-half the peak to trough distance of a given meander wave) for saline channels (171 meters) versus lower amplitudes for freshwater channels (114 meters) suggest that meander loops for saline channels are determined primarily by the erosional characteristics of stream banks and by other local factors rather than by hydrodynamic factors such as flow velocity or discharge. It has been stated that meander migration features do not occur in homogenous soil materials (Leopold, et al. 1964); the tendency of saline channels to form these features is attributed to differential erosion caused by variations in root system density. Conversely, the morphology of freshwater tidal channels is influenced by hydrodynamic factors including discharge, and is due to the existence of more homogenous materials, i.e., muddy soils devoid of extensive root systems. An analysis of ebb and flood discharge data arrived at for each tidal channel using existing tidal current velocity and upland discharge records supports the fact that relatively greater erosive forces occur in salt marsh than in fresh tidal marsh areas. A poor statistical correlation between rates of stream channel migration and hydraulic stream flow data such as velocity and discharge must be accepted with caution due to the method of approximating tidal discharge values. The correlation suggests that under normal tidal conditions both saline and freshwater tidal channels migrate little, if any, and thus represent an apparently balanced relatively low energy system. For this reason it is believed that most stream channel migration in both saline and freshwater wetlands occurs as a result of increased forces due to storms. 相似文献
20.
A field investigation was conducted for the group-occurring mountain torrent geohazards that took place on July 25, 2013, in Tianshui City, China. The formation causes, range, development characteristics, and distribution laws of these geohazards were systematically revealed. In addition, a three-dimensional dynamic numerical continuum model was established to simulate the motion characteristics of the typical landslides in Tianshui City. The field investigation and simulation results show that the mountain torrent geohazards that occurred on July 25, 2013, had five major characteristics: universality and evident group occurrence, local outbreak, strong concealment, considerable potential damage, and a significant hazard chain mode. The hazards’ intensity was aggravated by the superposition effects of intense rainfall and earthquakes. Most of the landslide-prone slopes in these geohazards had a concave geometry. The landslides occurred mainly within a slope gradient range of 35°–45°; the most common slope angle was 40°. The loess landslides had a narrow-strip shape and ranged in width from several meters to 10 m and in length from 10 s of meters to 100 s of meters. These landslides were relatively small scale, with volumes from 10 to 100 s of cubic meters. The mean velocity, frontal velocity, total kinetic energy, and total potential energy of the typical landslide masses all increased sharply during the downslope motion and decreased gradually in the deposition zone. Entrainment was a very important factor in these landslide events, as it caused the mass of the hazard bodies to increase; the increased mass, together with a high motion velocity (30 m/s), enhanced the destructiveness of the hazard bodies. 相似文献