共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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蒸渗仪国内外应用现状及研究趋势 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为进一步掌握水文循环的过程机理,国内外对蒸渗仪的研究和应用不断发展。分析了非称重式和称重式蒸渗仪,人工和信息化、自动化观测手段的发展,总结了国内外应用蒸渗仪的研究领域和进展,同时通过对国内外应用现状的分析,讨论了满足水文循环及蒸散发研究的新型蒸渗仪设计技术要求。 相似文献
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采取原状土样是工程勘察中的重要环节,不同的取样方法对土样质量的影响不同。一般认为竖井中采取的大块土样,是真正的原状样,钻孔中使用取土器采取的原状样存在不同程度的扰动。在钻孔中采用不同的取样方法,土样受到的扰动程度也不一样。笔者通过对钻孔两种方法获取的土样与竖井土样试验数据的对比发现,钻孔取样对土样有明显的扰动和压密作用,造成了土的干密度增大、孔隙比减小、渗透系数降低、压缩模量增大。同时发现,钻孔快速冲入取样质量略好于上部击入取样质量。为保证工程安全,对常规钻孔取样试验成果的使用应当慎重,对重要工程宜采用探坑、竖井取样,或采用双筒薄壁取土技术。 相似文献
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一种原状欠压密土的力学特性实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
原状土的结构性对它的力学性质影响显著。通过对原状土与重塑土多应力路径的实验结果比较,来揭示原状土体从小应变到大应变的特殊力学特性及应力路径的影响。从等压固结对比实验可看出,该原状样明显的结构性与欠压密性。对于原状欠压密土,体应变对土体结构性的破坏要大于剪应变。欠压密原状土的结构性对土体强度的影响主要表现在内摩擦角的增大。土体小应变时表现出明显的高刚度与非线性。通过不同方向切样的原状样实验结果对比,反映了原状土体存在明显的各向异性,结构性引起的各向异性在应变越小时越明显。 相似文献
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为了满足非饱和黄土连续原状取芯的要求,参考美国已成熟的螺旋空心钻技术,设计了一种双管螺旋钻具。该钻具结合双管单动岩芯钻和螺旋钻的双重功能,通过螺旋叶片旋进土中,外围土体顺叶片上涌,贴在叶片间的外壁上;里面的空心部分则可以套取土样,使其免受扰动。钻具提出后,清除掉外壁上的土体,卸下钻头,取出里面的土样,不仅可用于土的鉴定,也可用于室内试验。试验表明其钻探取样效果良好,但对钻机动力和工艺要求较高。该钻探技术主要用于黄土滑坡钻探,通过连续取得原状土芯,从中识别和鉴定滑动带。 相似文献
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基于扰动状态理论对漳州和东莞软土扰动样和重塑样单向压缩变形的结构性特征进行了分析,利用重塑样试验数据还原了原状样的压缩曲线,将变形中的土体视为相对完整状态和完全调整状态的混合物,定义原状土样为相对完整状态、重塑土样为完全调整状态,且分别用土弹性模型和修正剑桥模型表达,扰动函数与荷载对数具有较好的幂函数关系,因此建立了土体应力应变关系扰动状态模型,并通过压缩试验结果对模型合理性进行了验证。结果表明,该模型能较好地描述土体压缩变形特性,且参数确定简单易行,为软土地基工程沉降分析提供了一定参考。 相似文献
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为模拟地基土普遍受上覆荷载等实际情况,研制了可加载渗透仪。文章以兰新铁路第二双线一处典型膨胀泥岩为研究对象,进行了原状土和重塑土不同荷载等级下渗透试验,荷载大小为0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 MPa。试验结果表明:随着渗透时间变长,原状土和重塑土的渗透系数略微增大。原状土渗透系数随荷载增大而变小,为现场地基土随埋深增加渗透性变小提供依据;重塑土渗透系数随荷载增大而变小,对于高填方路基底层土而言上覆荷载对其渗透性产生影响。通过进一步对比原状土与重塑土渗透性差异,可知重塑土渗透系数比原状土渗透系数大1个数量级,且原状土渗透系数呈“外凸形”减小,重塑土渗透系数呈“内凹形”减小,荷载对两种土体渗透系数影响机理不同。 相似文献
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针对原状非饱和及饱和黄土的体积变形问题,提出了一个复合体计算模型。该模型将黄土看作由各自均匀分布于土中的原状部分和扰动部分组成的,这两部分土体的体积比率,可由黄土结构的微观几何模型、孔隙率密度曲线及考虑广义吸力的微结构失稳条件计算得出。假设原状部分仅发生弹性变形,扰动部分符合重塑土的变形规律。复合体的应变增量包括原状部分的弹性、重塑土的塑性及结构崩塌3部分;其中：结构崩塌变形特指微结构失稳时原状土体的孔隙率突然变为重塑土的孔隙率;重塑土的体积应变形采用广义吸力理论计算。采用不同的初始饱和度的黄土结构强度计算出非饱和土微观结构刚度与饱和度的函数,从而获得非饱和土黄土微观结构失稳的判别条件。分别计算了低含水天然非饱和及饱和黄土的压缩曲线,并与试验结果对比说明了模型的合理性。 相似文献
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利用改进的ZC-2015型渗气仪和TST-55型渗透仪进行马兰黄土渗气和饱和渗透试验,确定稳定渗气率对应的稳定渗径,进而探讨渗气率ka和饱和渗透系数Kw的关系。研究结果表明: ka不仅能描述非饱和土孔隙和结构特征,也能用于预测Kw。气体渗气率随着渗径的增大而减小,最终趋于稳定,原状和重塑黄土的稳定渗径均约8 cm。ka和Kw间呈明显的双对数线性关系,不同深度的原状风干黄土和不同粒组的重塑土的lgka和lgKw间的相关性都比较明显,但原状风干黄土和重塑土之间的拟合公式有很大差异。另外,黏粒含量较高时,重塑土拟合直线的斜率β和截距α明显增大。不同含水率下,重塑土拟合公式有很大的差异,当含水率较大时,随着干密度的增大,ka的变化程度比Kw大,拟合直线的斜率β和截距α都有明显的减小。 相似文献
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利用五道沟水文实验站62套原状土蒸渗仪1991～2015年长系列实验资料,采用非线性拟合方法,模拟了砂姜黑土和黄潮土冬小麦和夏大豆各生育期潜水蒸发随埋深变化的规律。通过多种线型拟合,砂姜黑土两种作物潜水蒸发量随埋深的增大而递减,均呈指数函数关系;黄潮土小麦在返青前和大豆出苗-分枝期,潜水蒸发量随埋深的增大而递减,呈指数函数关系,小麦返青期以后和大豆分枝期后,潜水蒸发量在0.5～0.8m埋深区间达到最大值,在0.5～0.8m区间以浅随埋深增大而增大,在0.5～0.8m区间以深随埋深增大而减小,呈复合函数关系。 相似文献
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考虑冻结壁的强制解冻过程,采用随机介质理论,建立了隧道水平冻结壁强制解冻期地表沉降的预测方法,并提出强制解冻条件下冻结壁温度场由单管解冻理论近似求解,基于所推导的单管解冻理论和崔托维奇提出的一维情况下融土层稳定融沉量公式,确定了预测方法中融土柱半径和融缩区域内半径的取值方法。将所建立的预测方法应用于隧道全断面水平冻结工程中,得到了地表沉降随强制解冻时间的分布及变化规律。研究结果表明,在冻结壁强制解冻期,其地表沉降分布规律与自然解冻期相似,但地表沉降随解冻时间呈线性增长趋势,这一特征与自然解冻期有所不同。 相似文献
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在对盾构切刀顺次破岩实际工况提出合理简化的基础上,从岩土细观角度出发,采用颗粒离散元法建立了切刀破岩的二维数值模型,研究了两把盾构切刀顺次作用下的破岩机制和影响因素,并通过试验对切刀破岩过程中切屑堆积现象及破岩力学特性进行了验证。研究表明,刀具尖端的破坏作用最为明显;切削岩石时切削力随着切削行程不断波动,水平切削力大于垂直切削力;不同于单刀切削,切刀顺次作用时前刀刮过的岩面留下了大量残余裂纹,使得后刀所受的切削力减小;从切削性能来看,随着切削深度的增加,岩石破碎块度不断增大,切削力和裂纹数迅速增加,说明切深与切削力密切相关;切削试验观测到了切屑在前刀面堆积和切削力的波动现象,与数值模拟具有较好的一致性。 相似文献
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B. Hanumantha Rao V. Sridhar R. R. Rakesh D. N. Singh P. K. Narayan P. K. Wattal 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(5):595-606
Several techniques such as laboratory column studies, under normal and accelerated gravity environments, numerical modeling and pedo-transfer functions have been employed by previous researchers to determine hydraulic conductivity of soils. However, these methods suffer with several limitations, particularly, as far as regeneration of in-situ soil conditions and boundary conditions, in an exceptionally small model, are concerned. Under these circumstances, in-situ lysimeters are found to be quite useful for conducting the investigations to obtain hydraulic conductivity of fully saturated or partially saturated soils. These lysimeters can easily be installed in the soil mass, without disturbing its state, and are large enough to exhibit representative soil mass that exist at the site. With this in view, an attempt was made in this study to determine hydraulic conductivity of the soil mass beneath a waste disposal site in India by installing a lysimeter. Details of the instrumentation are presented in this paper along with the methodology to determine hydraulic conductivity of the soil mass. 相似文献
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Indoor experiment and numerical simulation study of ammonia-nitrogen migration rules in soil column 
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下载免费PDF全文 The riverbank soil is a natural purifying agent for the polluted river water(Riverbank filtration, RBF). This is of great importance to groundwater safety along the riverbank. This paper examines the migration and transformation rules of ammonia-nitrogen in three typical types of sand soil using the indoor leaching experiment of soil column, and then makes comparison with the indoor experiment results in combination with the numerical simulation method. The experiment process shows that the change in ammonia-nitrogen concentration goes through three stages including "removal-water saturation-saturation". As the contents of clay particles in soil sample increase, the removal of ammonia-nitrogen from soil sample will take more time and gain higher ratio. During the removal period, the removal ratio of Column 1, Column 2 and Column 3 averages 68.8%(1-12 d), 74.6%(1-22 d) and 91.1%(1-26 d). The ammonia-nitrogen removal ratio shows no noticeable change as the depth of soil columns varies. But it is found that the ammonia-nitrogen removal ratio is the least of the whole experiment when the soil columns are at the depth of 15 cm. It can be preliminary inferred that the natural purifying performance of soil along the river for ammonia-nitrogen in river water mainly depends on the proportion of fine particles in soil. HYDRUS-1D model is used to simulate this experiment process, analyze the change of the bottom observation holes by time and depth in three columns(the tenth day), and make comparison with the experiment result. The coefficients of determination for fitting curves of Column 1, Column 2 and Column 3 are 0.953, 0.909, 0.882 and 0.955, 0.740, 0.980 separately. Besides, this paper examines the contribution of absorption, mineralization and nitrification in the simulation process. In the early removal stage, mineralization plays a dominant role and the maximum contribution rate of mineralization is 99%. As time goes by, absorption starts to function and gradually assumes a dominant position. In the middle and late removal stage, nitrification in Column 1 and Column 2 makes more contribution than mineralization. So the experiment result of the ammonia-nitrogen concentration is 0.6% and 2.4% lower than that in effluent and the maximum contribution ratio of nitrification is -4.53% and -5.10% respectively when only the function of absorption is considered. The mineralization in Column 1 and Column 2 in the middle and late removal stage still plays a more important role than nitrification. So the experiment result is 1.4% higher than that in effluent and the maximum contribution ratio of nitrification is -2.51% when only the function of absorption is considered. Therefore, absorption, mineralization and nitrification make different contributions during different part of the stage. This means that the natural purifying performance of soil along the river for ammonia-nitrogen in river water not only depends on the proportion of fine particles in soil, but depends on the mineralization and nitrification environment. This can offer some insights into the protection and recovery of groundwater along the riverbank. 相似文献
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PDC钻头切削齿受力随布齿密度变化关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用不同布齿方式的３个ＰＤＣ切削齿同步连续切削转动的岩石为模拟井底钻头切削齿实际工作状态，用切削岩石时相同的布齿参数切削砂轮来磨损切削以模拟切削的以模拟切削齿磨状态，试验研究了不同磨损程度的切削齿受力与布齿密度的关系。 相似文献
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探讨了回填土的素土和掺消石灰土的击实试验，以求得最大干密度、最优含水率；压实度试验为三轴剪切试验制作不同养护龄期的样品；三轴剪切试验以求得样品的内聚力、内摩擦角。通过试验对比，选掺入6％消石灰的事料作为回填土的方案。 相似文献
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在考虑土体分层特性的基础上,分别建立了管桩桩周土体和桩芯土体的水平振动控制方程。通过引入势函数并考虑桩周土和桩芯土径向位移和环向位移的边界条件及其奇偶性,求得了管桩-土动力相互作用的刚度系数和阻尼系数。将土体模拟为连续分布的弹簧-阻尼器,并考虑桩芯土和桩周土的作用,建立了层状土中管桩的水平振动方程。借助初参数法和传递矩阵法求解了管桩的水平振动,得到了管桩桩顶的水平动力阻抗。通过数值分析,得到了土层剪切模量、管桩壁厚、桩周土和桩芯土剪切模量比、土层厚度等对管桩桩顶动力阻抗的影响规律。土层剪切模量、管桩壁厚、桩周土和桩芯土剪切模量比对层状土中管桩水平振动的影响主要在低频处,土层厚度在较宽的频率范围内对管桩水平振动有影响;管桩壁越厚,桩周土的剪切模量越大时,管桩水平动力阻抗的绝对值越大。 相似文献
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Summary. Tunnel face and wall collapse are common during excavations performed by tunnel boring machines (TBMs) due to the difficulty
of correctly identifying the properties of the excavated rock. This identification, however, can be simplified by using the
cutting force to estimate rock strength, a method that has already proved quite successful in Japanese tunnel excavations.
This paper summarizes knowledge relating to the cutting force obtained through tunnel excavation experience, and the relationship
between rock strength and TBM operation is discussed. Although TBM operators rely on intuition to set the cutter head speed
appropriately, this decision process represents a logical method of operation that takes advantage of the variable speed capability
of the cutter head. Selection of appropriate support methods for the excavated face is also a critical issue in tunnel excavation.
This selection process is based on the condition of the rock, which is difficult to determine quickly and accurately during
tunnel excavation. The present paper uses the excavation of two tunnels to demonstrate that it is possible to assign rock
mass classifications accurately based on rock strength when boring a uniform rock type. It is also shown that the rock mass
can be classified from the rock strength normalized by the uniaxial compressive strength when boring through mixed rock types. 相似文献