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1.
In an effort to control escalating fishing effort, a quota management system (QMS) of individual transferable quotas (ITQs) has recently been introduced in the Tasmanian rock lobster fishery. We outline and compare the input controls system in place before the introduction of a QMS, and we discuss the operation of the QMS to the end of its first full season in February 1999. We find cautiously for a successful introduction of a QMS as catch, effort and catch rate data tend towards what fishery managers believe to be bio economically sustainable levels. 相似文献
2.
In Malawi, fishing community user groups known as beach village committees, traditional chiefs, government officers, and fishers are the key players in fisheries management. Fish catch trends at the Elephant Marsh Fishery in southern Malawi are declining. Based on interviews and participant observation, this article uses an actor-based framework (known as Action-in-Context) to unveil the issues that are crucial in devising a sustainable governance system for the fishery. We establish and propose that the key social variables for the design of a three-pillared (locally based, weak, and amorphous) resilient institution for sustainability of the Elephant Marsh Fishery are (i) the social reputation of the leaders of local fishery institutions (beach village committee leaders), and (ii) the power dynamics between traditional chiefs and these local fishery leaders. We end the article by exploring the implications of the findings on the sustainability of the fishery under rising resource pressure. 相似文献
3.
2007年夏季和秋季,按照GB11607-1989《渔业水质标准》和GB3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》,对陕西黄河湿地渔业水域环境质量的主要理化指标进行了现场监测,对渔业水域的主要水生植物进行了调查。结果表明:陕西黄河湿地渔业水域的池塘和大水面硫化氢(H2S)含量均符合标准,池塘和大水面的总磷(TP)及总氮(TN)均不符合标准。池塘和大水面渔业水域环境质量呈明显的富营养化现象,池塘比大水面富营养化现象严重,但湿地大水面的主要理化指标优于池塘,湿地大水面渔业水域生长的水生植物芦苇Phragmites australis和香蒲Typha orientalis对TP和TN具有一定的净化作用,通过监测分析提出了湿地渔业水域的保护措施。 相似文献
4.
南海渔业开发为维护我国渔业利益和海洋权益发挥了重大作用,近年来急速衰退的渔业资源和不断升温的冲突态势亟须寻找治理革新的突破口。基于此,首先从南海渔业资源环境特点、南海渔业资源开发利用历史沿革与现状,辨析南海渔业时空格局,指出南海渔业资源环境具有跨越国家界线的互通性、整体性与相互依赖性,且周边国家和地区对南海渔业高度依赖,并已经造成资源环境严重衰退。其次通过对南海渔业冲突和南海渔业资源治理所面临的挑战的梳理,指出引发南海渔业冲突的条件今后很可能更加普遍,亟需南海各方共同面对渔业可持续性危机,而南海地区面临的渔业资源环境退化、系统认知不足、区域协作有限等共性挑战与利益诉求,可成为促进区域合作的纽带。最后以区域渔业资源治理为抓手,提出了构建南海命运共同体的建设思路：从推动绿色水产养殖、增强资源环境修复、深化科研共享等方面开展务实的渔业资源治理合作;在区域、国家、地方层面完善跨尺度的海洋治理措施落实体系,协同提升国家层面的顶层涉海涉渔政策设计,强化地方、私营部门和公民个人在南海区域共建中的作用;从建立健全区域组织和完善区域海洋法制推动构建区域层面合作治理体系。 相似文献
5.
南中国海及泰国湾渔业资源过度利用现状及保护对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南中国海及泰国湾具有丰富的浅海和热带的生物多样性,支持着一个世界重要的渔场,同时南中国海及泰国湾周边的国家还是目前亚洲太平洋地区工业化和经济快速增长的中心,关系着东南亚及相邻地区的政治和经济的稳定.过去对渔业资源的过度开发利用,造成了该海区渔业资源减少,海岸环境退化严重.虽然南中国海及泰国湾周边国家过去都实施了相应的海洋环境保护行动计划,然而缺乏区域协调措施大大降低了这些行动的有效性.文中对南中国海及泰国湾渔业资源过度利用现状进行了诊断分析,识别了渔业资源过度利用造成的环境问题以及这些环境问题的跨境影响, 相似文献
6.
Preserving coastal natural character: Court interpretations of a long‐standing New Zealand policy goal 
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下载免费PDF全文 Victoria Ann Froude 《New Zealand geographer》2015,71(1):45-55
New Zealand's policy goal to preserve coastal natural character was first incorporated into planning legislation in 1973 and protected area legislation in 1977. An evaluation of 100 relevant Resource Management Act Court decisions determined the Courts' interpretations of this policy goal. The Courts have repeatedly found that natural character is of nature (not culture), including natural elements, patterns, and processes. There is a continuum of naturalness from pristine indigenous ecosystems to the urban environment. A 2014 Supreme Court decision has upheld the use of environmental bottom lines for natural character and the importance of protection as part of sustainable management. 相似文献
7.
中国海南省三沙市行政建制特点与海洋资源开发 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
行政区是地方政权存在的地域,中国在海南省成立的三沙市,是中国陆地面积最小、海域面积最大、人口在市一级行政机构中最少的地级市。三沙市成立最重要的目的是为了维护国家海洋权益、保护南海岛礁、开发南海丰富的海洋渔业资源、深海石油和天然气资源、海洋旅游资源以及水下文物资源等。在阐述三沙市的历史沿革、区位、政区规模以及政区形态特征等基础上,分析了三沙市的渔业资源、油气资源和旅游资源等,以图、表的形式反映了中国提出的油气招标区块的数量、面积和深度。最后提出三沙市应以旅游、水产、油气、水下文物等为重点发展的海洋产业,开发过程中必须重视海洋生态建设和环境保护,使资源开发达到持续、绿色发展的要求。 相似文献
8.
以现代渔港经济区理念看广东惠来县神泉港的发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了现代渔港经济区的内涵、构建思路与关键问题,指出神泉渔港发展所面临的问题、发展的优势与发展的契机,并结合现代渔港经济区理念,具体探讨了神泉现代渔港经济区的发展设想、发展策略与对策措施。 相似文献
9.
中国海洋渔业资源可持续利用的动态评价与空间分异 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
运用基于多智能体遗传算法的投影寻踪模型和核密度估计模型,对2003~2012年中国沿海11个省市（不含港澳台）海洋渔业资源可持续利用水平的时空格局演化进行测度。研究结果表明：从投影方向上看,捕捞技术、捕捞强度和渔业产业结构等,逐渐上升为影响海洋渔业资源可持续利用水平的重要因子;从时空格局上看,上海的海洋渔业资源可持续利用属于高水平区板块,天津、河北、江苏、浙江和广西属于中等水平区板块,辽宁、山东、福建、广东和海南属于低水平区板块;从总体上看,海洋渔业资源可持续利用呈现不可持续性,具体表现为时间演化可持续,空间演化不可持续,时空演化呈现出不可持续的两极分化趋势。未来高水平区板块应保持原来的发展模式,中等水平区板块的可持续利用路径选择是保中争高,低等水平区板块的可持续利用路径选择是追中攀高。 相似文献
10.
For over 30 years, IHP (International Hydrological Programme) has been actively operating as a UNESCO’s (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) international scientific cooperative programme in water research, water resources management, education and capacity-building, and the only broadly-based science programme of the UN (United Nations) system in this region. By a number of initiatives and networks, the IHP has progressively carried out activities on the quantity and quality of global/regional water resources, transboundary water resources management, mitigation of water related hazards, and water education. While addressing comprehensive areas over water challenges, greater emphasis has been placed on the role of water resources management for sustainable development and with respect to the expected changes in climate and environmental conditions. WWAP (World Water Assessment Programme) and its major product WWDR (World Water Development Report) in East Asia are under the framework of IHP which supports field oriented activities on monitoring freshwater, developing case studies, enhancing national assessment capacity, and facilitating decision making processes. In light of transboundary waters in IHP, RSC (Regional Steering Committee) plays a focal role for facilitating regional cooperation in the Southeast and East Asia and Pacific States. Furthermore, ISI (International Sediment Initiative) and IFI (International Flood Initiative) have significant roles, respectively, for the management of erosion and sedimentation in line with river system or reservoir management, and for the flood management focusing on capacity building of each country in East Asia. There are other major areas of concern under UNESCO’s IHP programme in East Asia, specifically in aspects including, mitigating water conflicts on transboundary aquifers through ISARM (International Shared Aquifer Resources Management), water management of arid areas through Water and Development Information for Arid Lands- A Global Network (Asian G-WADI), and sustainable management of groundwater by UNESCO Water Chair, as well as water education through the programme of Sustainable Water Integrated Management- Educational Component. 相似文献
11.
For over 30 years, IHP (International Hydrological Programme) has been actively operating as a UNESCO’s (United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization) international scientific cooperative programme in water research, water resources management,
education and capacity-building, and the only broadly-based science programme of the UN (United Nations) system in this region.
By a number of initiatives and networks, the IHP has progressively carried out activities on the quantity and quality of global/regional
water resources, transboundary water resources management, mitigation of water related hazards, and water education. While
addressing comprehensive areas over water challenges, greater emphasis has been placed on the role of water resources management
for sustainable development and with respect to the expected changes in climate and environmental conditions. WWAP (World
Water Assessment Programme) and its major product WWDR (World Water Development Report) in East Asia are under the framework
of IHP which supports field oriented activities on monitoring freshwater, developing case studies, enhancing national assessment
capacity, and facilitating decision making processes. In light of transboundary waters in IHP, RSC (Regional Steering Committee)
plays a focal role for facilitating regional cooperation in the Southeast and East Asia and Pacific States. Furthermore, ISI
(International Sediment Initiative) and IFI (International Flood Initiative) have significant roles, respectively, for the
management of erosion and sedimentation in line with river system or reservoir management, and for the flood management focusing
on capacity building of each country in East Asia. There are other major areas of concern under UNESCO’s IHP programme in
East Asia, specifically in aspects including, mitigating water conflicts on transboundary aquifers through ISARM (International
Shared Aquifer Resources Management), water management of arid areas through Water and Development Information for Arid Lands-
A Global Network (Asian G-WADI), and sustainable management of groundwater by UNESCO Water Chair, as well as water education
through the programme of Sustainable Water Integrated Management-Educational Component.
Author: Ramasamy Jayakumar, native of India, Ph.D, specialized in application of remote sensing, GIS, geo-statistical methods in
hydrogeological modelling and irrigation water management. 相似文献
12.
The environmental performance of foreign direct investment (FDI) companies in the Pearl River Delta Region (PRDR) is examined through a case study of Dongguan City. The influence of host governments, regional/international organisations and export markets is highlighted in the analysis of environmental management systems of the FDI companies. The majority of FDI companies in the region lack effective systems and measures for environmental management. The environmental governance of the host country, the environment-related legislation and policies of the main export markets, and the social responsibility of the company owners are major factors that influence the environmental performance of the FDI companies. A combination of the quality of host government decision making in relation to sustainable development and the high degree of social responsibility and environmental awareness of individual FDI companies is crucial not only to achieving better overall environmental performance but also to achieving better environmental quality in the PRDR. 相似文献
13.
地方环境立法与可持续发展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
地方环境立法指省级和省级政府所在地的市以及经国务院批准的较大的市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会制定地方性法规并分别依照法定权限和程序制定、修改或废止在本行政区域内具有普遍效力的各种地方性环境法规、地方性环境规章的活动.地方环境立法在中国的环境立法体系当中占有重要地位,对于中国的环境保护工作具有重大意义.可持续发展是联合国环境与发展大会确立的未来共同发展战略,中国地方环境立法应当将可持续发展作为指导思想,并因地制宜,具有可操作性、科学技术性、规范性和有效性. 相似文献
14.
15.
国外空间规划研究与实践的新动向及对我国的启示 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
空间规划是可持续发展必不可少的公共管理工具。20世纪90年代以来,人们认识到空间规划应该具有协调和整合空间发展的功能,而不仅仅是部门性的土地利用管理体系;应该关注地域的可持续发展,而不是一味地追求增长;应该关注不同利益人之间共识的形成,而不是简单地分析一定地域空间开发的适宜性和先后顺序。20世纪90年代以来国外空间规划实践的一些新动向： a) 重新分配空间规划的权利和职能; b)注重全纳性的参与; c) 重视空间规划的协调与整合; d)强化空间规划的环境维度; e)增强空间规划的灵活性。基于此对我国的空间规划实践得到几点启示： a)空间发展的战略框架和行动计划相结合; b)形成适合于我国的规划参与机制; c)在增强规划约束性的基础上增加灵活性; d)强化区域层次的空间规划; e)突出空间规划的公共管理职能。 相似文献
16.
随着城镇化的快速推进,我国农村人口不断减少,土地经营模式正发生着根本性变革。以提高农业土地经营效益为目的,采用文献统计和比较分析等研究方法,通过分析西方资本主义雇佣型大农场的衰落历程及原因,提出在我国当前人均耕地面积较少、就业压力较大的情况下,实施家庭承包经营、雇佣型大农场以及家庭农场并行的土地经营模式,最终实现家庭农场主导经营模式。研究结果表明:耕者有其田的家庭农场模式可以促进更多就业,避免马尔萨斯-李嘉图危机,有利于财富的公平分配和社会稳定。 相似文献
17.
This paper examines the constitution of ‘sustainable management’ within the context of the New Zealand marine environment. Firstly this paper examines the difference between ‘sustainable ecosystems’ and ‘sustainable utilisation’. The distinction is important if we are to make sense of the different ways in which various stakeholders (fishers, fisheries companies, scientists, fisheries managers and environmental groups) use ‘sustainability’ in the management of New Zealand's marine environment. We then examine how contestation results in sustainable management becoming a governmentality. We propose that such contestation transforms stakeholders into subjects whose everyday practices and relationships are influenced by seemingly incommensurable understandings of the lexicon that surrounds sustainable management. We conclude try considering how the potential revelation of new unknowns may be needed in order for disparate stakeholders to forge a unified approach to New Zealand's marine management. 相似文献
18.
This paper examines the recent economic turmoil in East Asia which has been linked to the convulsive nature of global capital movements. East Asia, once the site of rapid capital accumulation, lost its economic momentum beginning in July 1997 with a series of currency devaluations, culminating in a net outflow of private capital within a year. International capital's ability to disembed the region, however, has been highly uneven over space. That China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan are far more territorially resilient while others like Indonesia, Thailand, and South Korea initiated major political changes suggests that the geography of crisis is far more complex than is currently presented. 相似文献
19.
非洲沿海国家海洋渔业资源开发利用现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据联合国粮农组织提供的1950-2015年非洲渔获生产统计数据,结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种营养级（Trophic level, TL）以及Sea Around Us Project Database提供的海洋无脊椎动物营养级,探讨了1950-2015年北非、东非、南非、中非和西非的沿海国家渔获物平均营养级（Mean trophic level, MTL）的变化情况,以此来判定非洲沿海国海洋渔业资源的开发利用现状。结果表明：非洲沿海国家的海洋渔业资源开采大致经历开发不足、快速开发、过度开发阶段,1984-1991年,北非地区的海洋渔业资源遭到一定程度的破坏,高营养级渔业资源渔获量减少了33.5%,MTL由3.44降低到3.25;东非地区渔获量较其他4个区域低,目前,大部分鱼类资源处于充分捕捞利用状态;南非地区在21世纪初发生“捕捞降低海洋食物网”现象,2004-2015年,MTL恢复小幅上升趋势,渔业均衡指数（Fishing-in-balance index, FIB）趋于平稳;2013-2015年,中非地区的MTL与FIB均呈下降趋势,说明产量的增加速度不足以弥补营养级的降低,生态系统结构功能开始遭到破坏;1950-2015年,西非地区的渔获量不断增加,从上世纪60年代开始,过度捕捞现象愈加严重,低营养级鱼类数量占比呈先减少后增加趋势,2001-2012年,MTL波动下降,FIB平稳变化,说明MTL的下降由产量的增加而抵消。21世纪以来,部分北非、南非与西非沿海国家加强了资源管理,渔业资源状况有所好转。研究认为：渔获物平均营养级的下降主要由过度捕捞引起,非洲国家的管理不力加重了过度捕捞现象,建议非洲各国尽快建立起基于渔获物统计的海洋渔业资源实时监测系统,以便掌握捕捞活动下的鱼类群落结构的变动情况。 相似文献
20.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):184-196
This paper examines the recent economic turmoil in East Asia which has been linked to the convulsive nature of global capital movements. East Asia, once the site of rapid capital accumulation, lost its economic momentum beginning in July 1997 with a series of currency devaluations, culminating in a net outflow of private capital within a year. International capital's ability to disembed the region, however, has been highly uneven over space. That China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan are far more territorially resilient while others like Indonesia, Thailand, and South Korea initiated major political changes suggests that the geography of crisis is far more complex than is currently presented. 相似文献