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1.
目前在地球物理数值计算领域,尚缺乏简便易行的可视化的前处理和后处理方法,这使得复杂计算模型较难建立和分析,也使得已有计算程序较难与生产实际相结合.本文以直流电法三维有限元数值模拟前后处理为例,研究了通用三维前后处理软件GiD在地球物理有限元前处理和后处理中的应用方法.通过编写用户自定义“问题类型”,建立并输出了可用于已有有限元计算程序的初始模型.计算过程结束之后,通过调用GiDpost后处理函数库,使计算程序方便的生成特定格式的后处理文件.最后,将前处理、计算和后处理功能整合,成功实现整个过程的图形化.与目前其他地球物理有限元前后处理方法相比,此套方法效率高、简单易行,最重要的是通用性好,可适用于各种已有的地球物理有限元计算程序. 相似文献
2.
关于地磁场起源的研究依赖于理论研究、实验室实验、数值模拟和实地观测等四个方面的工作：理论研究给出物理框架,提出物理思想;实验室实验检验理论预言,发现新现象;数值模拟可以对很大参数空间的复杂过程和对象给出多方面的过程描述;而实地观测不仅仅是上述三方面研究工作的出发点和基础,而且也是对研究结果的最终检验.本文介绍地球发电机过程实验研究的主要结果,特别是2000年后的突破性进展.目前,大多数实验研究还停留在运动学发电机水平,相对于数值模拟的巨大成就来说,实验研究需要大力发展,这就是正在发展中的第二代实验发电机. 相似文献
3.
直流电阻率法被广泛应用在工程和环境及水文地球物理、野外采矿、地热探测等领域.地下岩石常具有层理面和裂缝等具有方向依赖性的结构,岩石电导率常常呈现各向异性特征,因此研究复杂直流电阻率各向异性问题的高精度正演算法具有迫切的理论和学术需求.本文利用面向目标的自适应有限元算法和非结构化网格相结合的方式,解决了带地形任意复杂直流电阻率各向异性问题的高精度正演这一难题.有别于前人的研究成果,本文提出了一种特别的二次虚拟场算法实现带源的任意起伏地形问题模拟;另外,本文第一次基于电流密度连续性条件构建适合直流电阻率各向异性问题的后验误差估计算法,有效地驱动面向目标有限元网格自适应加密过程.最后,通过三组电阻率各向异性模型验证本文提出算法的正确性和适应性,测试结果表明：对于任意复杂直流电阻率各向异性问题,本文提出的算法具有精度高、适应性强等特点;另外,我们还发现电流密度连续性条件可用于设计直流电阻率问题的有效后验误差估计算法. 相似文献
4.
青藏高原是全球最大和最高的高原,它在所有大陆中不仅具有无与伦比的独特构造,而且它还是现今唯一仍在继续进行着的大陆碰撞的产物,因此,揭示青藏高原的深部构造对于研究大陆演化及地球动力学问题均有十分重要的意义.由于青藏高原复杂的地理环境等原因,青藏高原内部的地球物理观测资料非常缺乏,许多学者只能通过少数布设在内部及其周围的固定地震台站来研究高原的深部构造.这大大影响了其研究结果的可靠程度. 相似文献
5.
射频大地电磁法(RMT)是以潜艇天线发射的射线源等作为场源的一种地球物理勘探方法,目前被广泛应用于近地表工程和环境地球物理勘探.RMT数据解释常采用基于静态假设的大地电磁法(MT)程序,往往会反演出不真实的浅层目标体.为解决这一长期困扰RMT资料解释的问题,本文实现了考虑位移电流的RMT有限元数值模拟.为了处理任意复杂模型,如起伏地形,非结构的三角形网格被用于离散RMT模型.首先通过算例对比,验证了程序的正确性和可靠性.通过Dike模型讨论了空气层厚度对RMT数值解的影响,结果表明当空气层厚度大于1/4波长即可满足精度要求.以山脊模型为例计算了位移电流对RMT响应的影响,表明位移电流的影响会随着山脊高程的增加而增大.最后通过舒家店实际模型进一步验证了位移电流在RMT中的重要性. 相似文献
6.
为了准确的探测和描绘地下复杂的地质结构,同时克服地球物理单一方法反演的多解性和单一参数反演模型的不一致性等问题,近年来基于交叉梯度联合反演的综合地球物理解释已经得到了广泛的关注和应用.本文首先研究了两种地球物理方法的交叉梯度联合反演算法,在此基础上,推导并实现了多种地球物理方法(大地电磁,重力,磁法,地震初至波走时)的多交叉梯度约束的二维联合反演算法;其次,我们设计了结构不一致模型和复杂模型,针对多物性联合反演算法的准确性和有效性进行了模拟试算,并对复杂模型的单独反演结果和联合反演结果进行了交叉梯度值和物性交会图的对比;最后,本文将成熟的卫星资料多光谱综合分析技术应用到联合反演中,将多物性参数反演模型结果图通过RGB(红-绿-蓝)模式进行合成,得到融合的RGB合成图.结果表明:通过对结构不一致模型和复杂模型的联合反演结果和单独反演结果的对比分析,可以得出联合反演得到的结果更接近真实模型,并从得到的交叉梯度值进一步证明了联合反演模型相似度高,也从物性交会图中得到联合反演的物性相关性更好的结论,反向证明了算法的正确性.最终从得到的RGB合成图像,我们可以更直观的分析反演结果,更有利于准确划分地下模型结构. 相似文献
7.
探地雷达(Ground Penetrating Radar:GPR)不仅可以用于估计土壤含水量,还可以用于探测和监测轻非水相液体(Light Non Aqueous Phase Liquids:LNAPLs)在土壤中的运移.建立接近实际情况的模型是利用GPR正演模拟开展LANPLs迁移和分布研究的关键问题.以往的地球物理模型大都属于概念模型,存在物性突变的界面.而在LNAPLs污染区域的各种物性参数通常是渐变的,大多数情况下并不存在突变的物性界面.因此,为了建立更符合实际的地球物理模型,本文基于多相流渗流理论模拟了LNAPLs在土壤中的泄漏过程,得到了渗漏后不同时刻土壤含水饱和度、含油饱和度的变化分布.然后利用混合介质的介电模型将流体饱和度分布转换为介电常数分布,获得了地球物理模型,显示了因LNAPLs迁移引起的土壤介电常数的细节变化.随后,基于时域有限差分开展了GPR正演模拟.正演模拟结果显示了雷达波对LNAPLs污染区域、潜水面的响应,与实验室实测数据具有很好的一致性.由以上分析、对比可知,本文提出的地球物理建模的方法和流程与污染场地的实际情况更为符合.基于多相流渗流理论建立的地球物理正演模型把地下LNAPLs迁移的水文模型与GPR探测相结合,为复杂的实际场地地球物理建模提供了思路,也为GPR更有效地探测LNAPLs在土壤中的渗流提供了分析和解释手段. 相似文献
8.
随着地球科学研究的深入以及计算机技术的飞速发展,有限元数值模拟正成为地震机理研究中的一种强有力的技术方法。从震源物理力学过程、断层类型及力学机制、区域构造应力场、波速比及地下水位变化、温度效应与应力触发等方面模拟研究地震孕育机理取得了很大的进展。但是,目前的地震机理有限元模拟研究中尚存在一些关键的问题,如模型中块体之间的界面效应往往被忽视,参数（弹性模量、粘滞系数）的选取不确定。 相似文献
9.
详细研究了一般地球物理反问题的迭代优化求解过程与物理学中原子跃迁过程的对应关系,建立了反演问题中模型空间、初始模型、局部极值模型、最优化模型等与原子的态空间、定态、激发态、基态等的对应关系. 在此基础上,模拟了物理学中原子从激发态向基态跃迁的物理过程,建立了一种与原子跃迁过程相对应的非线性随机跃迁数学模型和模型解跃迁搜索准则,导出了适用于一般地球物理资料的模拟原子跃迁的非线性反演算法. 用理论测试函数对这种新的反演方法进行了数值试验,结果表明该方法具有解不依赖于初始模型、收敛速度快等优点. 相似文献
10.
地下实验室具有良好的低本底环境条件,为许多前沿学科研究提供了重要的实验场所,已经成为一个国家关键性的科学研究平台.目前国际上很多国家利用山体中的隧道空腔或地下矿井建立起众多的地下实验室,其中大多数进行天体物理和粒子物理实验与研究,部分同时进行着地球科学、岩体力学、地下生物等学科的相关实验.本文在介绍国际上一些重要地下实验室的基础上,着重对其在地球物理方面的观测与实验研究成果进行介绍;针对深部地下实验室所具有的“超静”与“超净”环境,阐述深部地下环境多种物理场观测所能达到的测量指标;针对深部地下实验室可实现的超高精度观测,讨论深地地球物理观测对目前仪器科学、装备与观测技术提出的挑战,及其将应对解决的诸多地球物理领域关键基础性科学问题. 相似文献
11.
V. Ramaswamy W. Nienaber H.W. Dosso F.W. Jones L.K. Law 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1975,11(2):81-90
The behaviour of time-varying electromagnetic fields near an island situated in a shallow ocean is investigated using both a three-dimensional finite-difference numerical method and a scaled analogue model method. The effect of a coastline located at some distance from the island is included in the study. The numerical model results and the scale model results are compared for various traverses across the island. The results indicate a high degree of compatibility between the two methods for studying problems involving three-dimensional conductivity structures. 相似文献
12.
H.W. Dosso V. Ramaswamy F.W. Jones D.J. Thomson 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1974,9(2):108-110
This work compares experimental analogue model measurements and finite-difference numerical calculations of the electric and magnetic fields for the cases of induction in a highly conducting plate and wedge embedded in a poorly conducting host earth. The results indicate very good agreement between the experimental and theoretical results and confirm the validity of the analogue and numerical methods for studying complex induction problems. 相似文献
13.
G. Grandjean J.C. GourryO. Sanchez A. BitriS. Garambois 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(3):531-542
This study of the Ballandaz landslide (Savoie, French Alps) was carried out as part of the ANR/PGCU-SIGMA research project. Its aim was to characterize the slope by different methods of geophysical imagery, and then use this characterization to provide a combined interpretation of the morpho-structures in order to simulate the geomechanical behavior of the sliding mass. First, electromagnetic mapping was used to identify the variations of the surface lithology and moisture from which one can more precisely locate the active zone of the slope. Then, electrical and seismic 2D imagery methods were used along several transverse and longitudinal profiles in order to produce electrical resistivity and seismic-velocity depth sections showing up the slope's structures. The H/V method was also tested locally to determine the depth to basement so as to complement the profiles: it reveals potential seismic site effects from the deeper structures. Helped by drilling and inclinometer surveys, the geophysical interpretations have revealed the various units structuring the landslide: (i) the active, very heterogeneous shallow level overlying (ii) a more rigid, less porous, and probably stable shallow bedrock, (iii) boulders, and (iv) the sound geological basement of quartzite and gypsiferous facies. The study has shown the usefulness of combining such different sounding techniques for studying complex environments like landslides; it has also revealed the limitations of each method when used for studying very heterogeneous environments. 相似文献
14.
Slopes of an airborne electromagnetic resistivity model interpolated jointly with borehole data for 3D geological modelling 
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下载免费PDF全文 P.‐A. Reninger G. Martelet J. Perrin J. Deparis Y. Chen 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(4):1085-1096
We investigate a novel way to introduce resistivity models deriving from airborne electromagnetic surveys into regional geological modelling. Standard geometrical geological modelling can be strengthened using geophysical data. Here, we propose to extract information contained in a resistivity model in the form of local slopes that constrain the modelling of geological interfaces. The proposed method is illustrated on an airborne electromagnetic survey conducted in the region of Courtenay in France. First, a resistivity contrast corresponding to the clay/chalk interface was interpreted confronting the electromagnetic soundings to boreholes. Slopes were then sampled on this geophysical model and jointly interpolated with the clay/chalk interface documented in boreholes using an implicit 3D potential‐field method. In order to evaluate this new joint geophysical–geological model, its accuracy was compared with that of both pure geological and pure geophysical models for various borehole configurations. The proposed joint modelling yields the most accurate clay/chalk interface whatever the number and location of boreholes taken into account for modelling and validation. Compared with standard geological modelling, the approach introduces in between boreholes geometrical information derived from geophysical results. Compared with conventional resistivity interpretation of the geophysical model, it reduces drift effects and honours the boreholes. The method therefore improves what is commonly obtained with geological or geophysical data separately, making it very attractive for robust 3D geological modelling of the subsurface. 相似文献
15.
V. Ramaswamy F.W. Jones H.W. Dosso W. Nienaber 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1980,22(1):60-67
Vertical magnetic fields for a three-dimensional numerical model, for a laboratory-analogue model, and from field stations for the Vancouver Island region of British Columbia, Canada, are compared. The numerical results are obtained using a three-dimensional finite-difference numerical technique employing a 25 × 25 × 25 mesh of grid points for a simplified mathematical model of the Vancouver Island region. The calculations are carried out for a source frequency of 0.004 Hz. The analogue model results for four traverses over the Island model and the field station values (obtained from transfer function analysis) for ten locations are those discussed previously by Nienaber et al. (1979a, b). General agreement exists between the numerical, analogue, and field station data, and comparison of results between these methods is important in three-dimensional electromagnetic induction studies of complex geomagnetic induction problems. 相似文献
16.
Since 2002 the two GRACE satellites observe the time varying gravity signal mainly caused by the sum of mass variations within the Earth subsystems ocean, atmosphere, and continental hydrosphere. It is a challenging problem to separate the integral GRACE signal and to identify and quantify the mass variations of the individual subsystems. This work proves first by a closed loop simulation that such a decomposition is successful by means of empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) derived from geophysical models and a least-squares adjustment with a multivariate Gauss–Markov model with time coefficients parameterized. The geophysical models are used to synthesize GRACE observations which are subsequently separated leading to time coefficients coinciding with those of the predefined models. In a second step the separation is performed with real, unfiltered time series of 5 years of monthly GRACE gravity field models (with atmospheric and oceanic background models reconstructed) and a limited number of EOFs. The reconstructed time coefficients are in good agreement with the original ones and exhibit high correlations (0.70 for ocean, 0.91 for atmosphere and 0.93 for continental hydrosphere). Analysis of GRACE residuals and the correlation among the time coefficients substantiate a successful identification. 相似文献
17.
In addition to field observations and numerical models, geomagnetic induction effects can be studied by scaled analogue model experiments. We present here results of analogue model studies of the auroral electrojet with an Earth model simulating the Arctic Ocean and inland conductivity structures in northern Fennoscandia. The main elements of the analogue model used were salt water simulating the host rock, an aluminium plate corresponding to the ocean and graphite pieces producing the inland highly conducting anomalies. The electrojet was a time-harmonic line current flowing at a (simulated) height of 100 km above northern Fennoscandia. The period simulated was 9 min.The analogue model results confirmed the well-known rapid increase of the vertical field when the coast is approached from the continent. The increase of the horizontal field due to induced ocean currents was demonstrated above the ocean, as well as the essentially negligible effect of these currents on the horizontal field on the continent.The behaviour of the magnetic field is explained with a simple two-dimensional thin-sheet model. The range, or the adjustment distance, of the ocean effect inland was found to be some hundreds of kilometers, which also agrees with earlier results of the Siebert-Kertz separation of IMAGE magnetometer data. The modelled inland anomalies evidently had too large conductivities, but on the other hand, their influence decayed on scales of only some tens of kilometers.Analogue model results, thin-sheet calculations, and field observations show that the induction effect on the horizontal magnetic field Bx near the electrojet is negligible. On the other hand, the vertical component Bz is clearly affected by induced currents in the ocean. Evidence of this is the shift of the zero point of Bz 0-1° southwards from the maximum of Bx. The importance of these results are discussed, emphasizing the determination of ionospheric currents. 相似文献
18.
瞬变电磁法正演计算进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
详细介绍了瞬变电磁法正演计算的方法、现状和发展趋势.瞬变电磁法一维正演计算需要将电磁场从频率域转换至时间域,转换方法有三种,分别是Gaver-Stehfest算法、余弦变换和Guptasarma算法.在这三种方法中,使用较多的是Gaver-Stehfest算法和余弦变换,Gaver-Stehfest算法速度较快,但精度不及余弦变换.瞬变电磁法的数值模拟主要集中于2.5维和三维,使用的数值计算方法有积分方程法、有限差分法、有限单元法和SLDM法.积分方程法主要在三维数值模拟中使用,现已很少使用;有限差分法和有限单元法是目前瞬变电磁法2.5维和三维数值模拟的主要方法;SLDM法主要应用于三维数值模拟.我国瞬变电磁法正演计算成果主要集中在回线源激发的瞬变电磁场一维数值计算和利用有限单元法进行2.5维和三维数值模拟.瞬变电磁法正演计算的发展趋势有:数值算法的改进、提高计算效率和研究地形对瞬变电磁场的影响规律. 相似文献
19.
Electromagnetic induction in the Vancouver Island region for a uniform inducing source field for 300 s period is investigated with the aid of three-dimensional (3-D) numerical and analogue model results and field site measurements. The thin sheet numerical model, based on the subducting Juan de Fuca plate analogue model ofDosso
et al., consists of a 5km thick non-uniform thin sheet (comprising the lateral conductivity contrasts arising from the land, the varying depth ocean, and the sediment) underlain by a four-layer conductive structure. The four-layer conductive structure beneath the non-uniform thin sheet simulates the effect of the Juan de Fuca plate subducting Vancouver Island. To examine the effects of the ocean channel depth between Vancouver Island and the British Columbia (Canada) mainland, numerical results were obtained for two channel depths (0 and 600 m). The results indicate that the channel plays an important role in the geomagnetic response in the central and inner coastal regions of Vancouver Island. The general agreement of the 3-D numerical model induction arrows with the analogue model and field site induction arrows for 300 s supports the premise of a layered conductive substructure dipping at a small angle, at most, beneath Vancouver Island.Lithoprobe Publication No. 311. 相似文献