共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
Jianping LI Tiejun XIE Xinxin TANG Hao WANG Cheng SUN Juan FENG Fei ZHENG Ruiqiang DING 《大气科学进展》2022,39(4):625-642
In this paper,we investigate the influence of the winter NAO on the multidecadal variability of winter East Asian surface air temperature(EASAT)and EASAT decadal prediction.The observational analysis shows that the winter EASAT and East Asian minimum SAT(EAmSAT)display strong in-phase fluctuations and a significant 60-80-year multidecadal variability,apart from a long-term warming trend.The winter EASAT experienced a decreasing trend in the last two decades,which is consistent with the occurrence of extremely cold events in East Asia winters in recent years.The winter NAO leads the detrended winter EASAT by 12-18 years with the greatest significant positive correlation at the lead time of 15 years.Further analysis shows that ENSO may affect winter EASAT interannual variability,but does not affect the robust lead relationship between the winter NAO and EASAT.We present the coupled oceanic-atmospheric bridge(COAB)mechanism of the NAO influences on winter EASAT multidecadal variability through its accumulated delayed effect of~15 years on the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO)and Africa-Asia multidecadal teleconnection(AAMT)pattern.An NAO-based linear model for predicting winter decadal EASAT is constructed on the principle of the COAB mechanism,with good hindcast performance.The winter EASAT for 2020-34 is predicted to keep on fluctuating downward until~2025,implying a high probability of occurrence of extremely cold events in coming winters in East Asia,followed by a sudden turn towards sharp warming.The predicted 2020/21 winter EASAT is almost the same as the 2019/20 winter. 相似文献
2.
Xiangdong ZHANG Yunfei FU Zhe HAN James E.OVERLAND Annette RINKE Han TANG Timo VIHMA Muyin WANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(4):553-565
Three striking and impactful extreme cold weather events successively occurred across East Asia and North America during the mid-winter of 2020/21.These events open a new window to detect possible underlying physical processes.The analysis here indicates that the occurrences of the three events resulted from integrated effects of a concurrence of anomalous thermal conditions in three oceans and interactive Arctic-lower latitude atmospheric circulation processes,which were linked and influenced by one major sudden stratospheric warming(SSW).The North Atlantic warm blob initiated an increased poleward transient eddy heat flux,reducing the Barents-Kara seas sea ice over a warmed ocean and disrupting the stratospheric polar vortex(SPV)to induce the major SSW.The Rossby wave trains excited by the North Atlantic warm blob and the tropical Pacific La Nina interacted with the Arctic tropospheric circulation anomalies or the tropospheric polar vortex to provide dynamic settings,steering cold polar air outbreaks.The long memory of the retreated sea ice with the underlying warm ocean and the amplified tropospheric blocking highs from the midlatitudes to the Arctic intermittently fueled the increased transient eddy heat flux to sustain the SSW over a long time period.The displaced or split SPV centers associated with the SSW played crucial roles in substantially intensifying the tropospheric circulation anomalies and moving the jet stream to the far south to cause cold air outbreaks to a rarely observed extreme state.The results have significant implications for increasing prediction skill and improving policy decision making to enhance resilience in“One Health,One Future”. 相似文献
3.
4.
In this paper,the forecasting equations of a 2nd-order space-time differential remainder are deduced from the Navier-Stokes primitive equations and Eulerian operator by Taylor-series expansion.Here we introduce a cubic spline numerical model(Spline Model for short),which is with a quasi-Lagrangian time-split integration scheme of fitting cubic spline/bicubic surface to all physical variable fields in the atmospheric equations on spherical discrete latitude-longitude mesh.A new algorithm of"fitting cubic spline—time step integration—fitting cubic spline—……"is developed to determine their first-and2nd-order derivatives and their upstream points for time discrete integral to the governing equations in Spline Model.And the cubic spline function and its mathematical polarities are also discussed to understand the Spline Model’s mathematical foundation of numerical analysis.It is pointed out that the Spline Model has mathematical laws of"convergence"of the cubic spline functions contracting to the original functions as well as its 1st-order and 2nd-order derivatives.The"optimality"of the 2nd-order derivative of the cubic spline functions is optimal approximation to that of the original functions.In addition,a Hermite bicubic patch is equivalent to operate on a grid for a 2nd-order derivative variable field.Besides,the slopes and curvatures of a central difference are identified respectively,with a smoothing coefficient of 1/3,three-point smoothing of that of a cubic spline.Then the slopes and curvatures of a central difference are calculated from the smoothing coefficient 1/3 and three-point smoothing of that of a cubic spline,respectively.Furthermore,a global simulation case of adiabatic,non-frictional and"incompressible"model atmosphere is shown with the quasi-Lagrangian time integration by using a global Spline Model,whose initial condition comes from the NCEP reanalysis data,along with quasi-uniform latitude-longitude grids and the so-called"shallow atmosphere"Navier-Stokes primitive equations in the spherical coordinates.The Spline Model,which adopted the Navier-Stokes primitive equations and quasi-Lagrangian time-split integration scheme,provides an initial ideal case of global atmospheric circulation.In addition,considering the essentially non-linear atmospheric motions,the Spline Model could judge reasonably well simple points of any smoothed variable field according to its fitting spline curvatures that must conform to its physical interpretation. 相似文献
5.
The classification of the Northeast China Cold Vortex(NCCV)activity paths is an important way to analyze its characteristics in detail.Based on the daily precipitation data of the northeastern China(NEC)region,and the atmospheric circulation field and temperature field data of ERA-Interim for every six hours,the NCCV processes during the early summer(June)seasons from 1979 to 2018 were objectively identified.Then,the NCCV processes were classified using a machine learning method(k-means)according to the characteristic parameters of the activity path information.The rationality of the classification results was verified from two aspects,as follows:(1)the atmospheric circulation configuration of the NCCV on various paths;and(2)its influences on the climate conditions in the NEC.The obtained results showed that the activity paths of the NCCV could be divided into four types according to such characteristics as the generation origin,movement direction,and movement velocity of the NCCV.These included the generation-eastward movement type in the east of the Mongolia Plateau(eastward movement type or type A);generation-southeast longdistance movement type in the upstream of the Lena River(southeast long-distance movement type or type B);generationeastward less-movement type near Lake Baikal(eastward less-movement type or type C);and the generation-southward less-movement type in eastern Siberia(southward less-movement type or type D).There were obvious differences observed in the atmospheric circulation configuration and the climate impact of the NCCV on the four above-mentioned types of paths,which indicated that the classification results were reasonable. 相似文献
6.
QIN Xiao-Hao 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(3):170-175
In this paper, several sets of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) were designed for three typhoon cases to determine whether or not the additional observation data in the sensitive regions identified by conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) could improve the short-range forecast of typhoons. The results show that the CNOPs capture the sensitive regions for typhoon forecasts, which implies that conducting additional observation in these specific regions and eliminating initial errors could reduce forecast errors. It is inferred from the results that dropping sondes in the CNOP sensitive regions could lead to improvements in typhoon forecasts. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
Phase Two of the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment (IMFRE-II) over the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River in 2020 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Phase Two of the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment(IMFRE-II)was conducted over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during the period 16 June to 19 July 2020.This paper provides a brief overview of the IMFRE-II field campaign,including the multiple ground-based remote sensors,aircraft probes,and their corresponding measurements during the 2020 mei-yu period,as well as how to use these numerous datasets to answer scientific questions.The highlights of IMFRE-II are:(1)to the best of our knowledge,IMFRE-II is the first field campaign in China to use ground-based,airborne,and spaceborne platforms to conduct comprehensive observations over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;and(2)seven aircraft flights were successfully carried out,and the spectra of ice particles,cloud droplets,and raindrops at different altitudes were obtained.These in-situ measurements will provide a“cloud truth”to validate the ground-based and satellite-retrieved cloud and precipitation properties and quantitatively estimate their retrieval uncertainties.They are also crucial for the development of a warm(and/or cold)rain conceptual model in order to better understand the cloud-to-rain conversion and accretion processes in mei-yu precipitation events.Through an integrative analysis of ground-based,aircraft,and satellite observations and model simulations,we can significantly improve our cloud and precipitation retrieval algorithms,investigate the microphysical properties of cloud and precipitation,understand in-depth the formation and dissipation mechanisms of mei-yu frontal systems,and improve cloud microphysics parameterization schemes and model simulations. 相似文献
10.
11.
安康市农作物种植最佳结构模型研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文应用数理统计方法研究了历年农作物产量与气象条件的关系。采用逐步回归技术确定影响各种农作物产量的主要气象因子。研究了农作物种植对气候资源的适应性,建立了农作物种植最佳结构模型。为安康市农业宏观决策提供了科学依据。 相似文献
12.
The aim of this paper is to improve understanding of the adaptive capacity of European agriculture to climate change. Extensive
data on farm characteristics of individual farms from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) have been combined with climatic
and socio-economic data to analyze the influence of climate and management on crop yields and income and to identify factors
that determine adaptive capacity. A multilevel analysis was performed to account for regional differences in the studied relationships.
Our results suggest that socio-economic conditions and farm characteristics should be considered when analyzing effects of
climate conditions on farm yields and income. Next to climate, input intensity, economic size and the type of land use were
identified as important factors influencing spatial variability in crop yields and income. Generally, crop yields and income
are increasing with farm size and farm intensity. However, effects differed among crops and high crop yields were not always
related to high incomes, suggesting that impacts of climate and management differ by impact variable. As farm characteristics
influence climate impacts on crop yields and income, they are good indicators of adaptive capacity at farm level and should
be considered in impact assessment models. Different farm types with different management strategies will adapt differently. 相似文献
13.
Several recent papers have suggested that high temperatures are associated with reduced maize yields. To better understand the conditions under which this association may occur, we conduct two analyses on maize yields from 1981 to 2011 for 100 U.S. counties with large areas planted to maize in the mid-West and Great Plains. First, we compare statistical yield models in non-irrigated and extensively irrigated counties, after carefully evaluating the degree of crop irrigation in a county and selecting only counties with no irrigation or extensive irrigation. We find that yields in extensively irrigated counties have minimal dependency on temperature factors in the regression model. Second, we compare statistical yield models across non-irrigated counties using data sets with and without years with known extreme moisture anomalies. We find that for Minnesota, Central Iowa, and Northern Illinois, the sufficiency of yield models based only on temperature factors are highly leveraged by the few years with extreme moisture anomalies. In western Iowa and much of Illinois, temperature factors consistently explain a moderate amount of yield variability, even when extreme moisture anomalies are removed. In general, these findings suggest that in many regions maize yields are not solely dependent on temperature and that other factors (e.g. humidity, soil moisture, flooding) likely need to be accounted for to improve statistical yield models and to make accurate projections of maize yield in a changing climate. 相似文献
14.
为了得到金属尖端在发生电晕放电时尖端处的电场强度,该文首先采用实验室实验得到不同高度、不同形状、不同材质的金属尖端发生电晕放电时的环境电场阈值;再采用有限元法计算二维泊松方程,得到尖端处电晕触发阈值,由此得出以下结论:环境电场阈值随金属尖端高度的增大基本呈线性减小趋势,随着尖端越来越尖,环境电场阈值呈先减小后增大的变化趋势;高度、形状对金属物尖端处电晕触发阈值无影响,尖端处电晕阈值为定值;给出尖端处电晕触发阈值为158.75 kV·m-1与空间分辨率的拟合公式,可为今后电晕放电数值模拟中判断电晕放电的起始时刻提供参考。 相似文献
15.
The large-scale environmental conditions for thunderstorm development have been studied with 40 selected synoptic processes during 1972-1983. It is shown that the thunderstorms in eastern China can be divided into two types: pre-trough and post-trough. The convective instability before the pre-trough thunderstorms is established primarily by the dry and moist differential advection and that before the post-trough thunderstorms by the cold and warm differential advection. The subsynoptic scale circulation has direct effects on the establishment and release of instability. The pre-trough thunderstorms occur in the overlapping region of the ascending motion in the upper baroclinic waves and the ascending branch of the low-level jet strong wind core circulation and the post-trough thunderstorms occur in the lower convergent region below the ascending branch of the jet-front circulation. The effect of the lower dry and warm lids, the coupling of the low-and upper-level jets and the dry advection in the middle-level jet are the favorable factors for the severe storm formation. 相似文献
16.
17.
Impacts of extreme weather on wheat and maize in France: evaluating regional crop simulations against observed data 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Marijn van der Velde Francesco N. Tubiello Anton Vrieling Fay?al Bouraoui 《Climatic change》2012,113(3-4):751-765
Extreme weather conditions can strongly affect agricultural production, with negative impacts that can at times be detected at regional scales. In France, crop yields were greatly influenced by drought and heat stress in 2003 and by extremely wet conditions in 2007. Reported regional maize and wheat yields where historically low in 2003; in 2007 wheat yields were lower and maize yields higher than long-term averages. An analysis with a spatial version (10?×?10?km) of the EPIC crop model was tested with regards to regional crop yield anomalies of wheat and maize resulting from extreme weather events in France in 2003 and 2007, by comparing simulated results against reported regional crops statistics, as well as using remotely sensed soil moisture data. Causal relations between soil moisture and crop yields were specifically analyzed. Remotely sensed (AMSR-E) JJA soil moisture correlated significantly with reported regional crop yield for 2002–2007. The spatial correlation between JJA soil moisture and wheat yield anomalies was positive in dry 2003 and negative in wet 2007. Biweekly soil moisture data correlated positively with wheat yield anomalies from the first half of June until the second half of July in 2003. In 2007, the relation was negative the first half of June until the second half of August. EPIC reproduced observed soil dynamics well, and it reproduced the negative wheat and maize yield anomalies of the 2003 heat wave and drought, as well as the positive maize yield anomalies in wet 2007. However, it did not reproduce the negative wheat yield anomalies due to excessive rains and wetness in 2007. Results indicated that EPIC, in line with other crop models widely used at regional level in climate change studies, is capable of capturing the negative impacts of droughts on crop yields, while it fails to reproduce negative impacts of heavy rain and excessively wet conditions on wheat yield, due to poor representations of critical factors affecting plant growth and management. Given that extreme weather events are expected to increase in frequency and perhaps severity in coming decades, improved model representation of crop damage due to extreme events is warranted in order to better quantify future climate change impacts and inform appropriate adaptation responses. 相似文献
18.
黄海海雾天气气候特征及其成因分析 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
利用2002-2008年的地面观测资料、青岛小浮标站资料、海洋大气综合资料、NCEP再分析资料和卫星云图等资料,对黄海海雾的天气气候特征、环流型和相关的水文、气象因子进行分析研究.结果表明,黄海海雾呈现逐年递增的年际变化,且集中发生在春夏季,自南向北雾季逐渐推迟,发生频数增多；一日中主要出现在夜间至早晨.黄海海雾可归纳为冷锋型、高压后部型和均压场型三种天气类型.海雾是流入黄海的黑潮暖流分支与沿岸的冷水流相遇,在适宜的海温、气海温差、大气稳定度和风场等水文、气象条件下形成的,这些条件可为海雾发生、发展的预报提供一些参考依据. 相似文献
19.
Assessment of a stochastic downscaling methodology in generating an ensemble of hourly future climate time series 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study extends a stochastic downscaling methodology to generation of an ensemble of hourly time series of meteorological variables that express possible future climate conditions at a point-scale. The stochastic downscaling uses general circulation model (GCM) realizations and an hourly weather generator, the Advanced WEather GENerator (AWE-GEN). Marginal distributions of factors of change are computed for several climate statistics using a Bayesian methodology that can weight GCM realizations based on the model relative performance with respect to a historical climate and a degree of disagreement in projecting future conditions. A Monte Carlo technique is used to sample the factors of change from their respective marginal distributions. As a comparison with traditional approaches, factors of change are also estimated by averaging GCM realizations. With either approach, the derived factors of change are applied to the climate statistics inferred from historical observations to re-evaluate parameters of the weather generator. The re-parameterized generator yields hourly time series of meteorological variables that can be considered to be representative of future climate conditions. In this study, the time series are generated in an ensemble mode to fully reflect the uncertainty of GCM projections, climate stochasticity, as well as uncertainties of the downscaling procedure. Applications of the methodology in reproducing future climate conditions for the periods of 2000–2009, 2046–2065 and 2081–2100, using the period of 1962–1992 as the historical baseline are discussed for the location of Firenze (Italy). The inferences of the methodology for the period of 2000–2009 are tested against observations to assess reliability of the stochastic downscaling procedure in reproducing statistics of meteorological variables at different time scales. 相似文献
20.
利用NCEP逐日再分析资料、Micaps系统提供的气象观测资料及局地经向环流线性诊断模式，定量分析了2003年夏季东亚地区局地经向环流的演变情况。结果表明：(1)东亚地区夏季雨带的移动与局地经向环流的演变紧密联系。当淮河流域发生强降水时，在淮河流域上升和华南地区下沉的副热带季风环流圈尤为显著，该环流圈主要由潜热加热、热量垂直输送、温度平流和西风动量经向输送等物理因子所驱动；(2)潜热加热主要影响副热带季风环流上升支的强度，反映了梅雨锋对流系统的重要作用；(3)热量垂直输送、温度平流及西风动量经向输送则主要影响副热带季风环流上升支的北移，其中热量垂直输送、与强(弱)斜压槽活动有关的经向温度平流和涡动西风动量经向输送(纬向温度平流和平均西风动量经向输送)对上升支北移的作用在华南地区汛期后期(在其余夏季降水阶段)较突出。以上这些物理因子具有预报东亚地区局地经向环流演变和雨带移动的参考价值。 相似文献